ABSTRACT
Objective Saiga antelope is a small population inhabiting in desert and semi desert areas of national and world endangered protected animals, its wild population is extremely rare. In order to explore the correlation between hypoxic tolerance and neuroglobin (NGB) in Saiga antelope. A female Saiga antelope died of dystocia was used as the experimental animal, and the tissue samples were sampled repeatedly for 3 times to study the distribution and expression of NGB in brain of Saiga antelope in the process of adapting to hypoxia. Methods The distribution and expression of NGB in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pear like leaf, cingulate gyrus, striatum and thalamus of Saiga antelope were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Real-time PCR. Results The result of IHC showed that NGB was positive in all parts of Saiga antelope brain, and the cells that had positive reactions in the parietal, frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex were mostly granular cells and martinotti cells. NGB was found in the granular cell layer, pyramidal cell layer and molecular cell layer in hippocampus, and the positive staining of pyramidal cell layer was the strongest. NGB positive expression in Pear like leaves and hypothalamus mainly occured in multi-type cells. NGB was expressed in the granulocytes and glial cells of cingulate gyrus, mainly in the granular cells. The positive expression of NGB in striatum was mainly located in granular cells, the positive expression of NGB in thalamus could be seen in the polymorphosis and glial cells, and the positive substance of the multi-type cells was obviously colored. The result of Real-time PCR showed that NGB was expressed in different regions of Saiga antelope brain, the highest expression in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, the second in the parietal lobe, and the expression was significantly higher than that in the rest of the brain tissue (P0.05). Conclusion The expression of NGB in different regions of Saiga antelope has some selective differences in the long-term adaptation to hypoxia environment. The frontal and parietal lobes have the highest tolerance to hypoxia, followed by hippocampus, and the striatum is the weakest, which may be related to the specific functions of different regions of brain tissue, but the specific mechanism remains to be further explored.
ABSTRACT
The macroscopic anatomy of the stomach in four adult dorcas gazelle was described. Four adult, two male and two female dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) of the Frigya Zoological Park, Enfidha, Tunisie, were used in this study. The ruminal papillae were distributed unequally in the rumen, and were larger and more abundant within the atrium and in the two saccus cecus. The papillae were absent in dorsal part of the dorsal sac. The ruminal pillars had no papillae. The cellulae reticuli were divided and contained secondary and tertiary crests. The curvatura omasi measured 12.1±0.1 cm. A comparison with literature data for sand gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica) emphasises that differences between closely related species that fill similar niches cannot be expected to follow a clear pattern, but yield an inhomogenous picture, with some measurements more tending towards a specific feeding type in the one, and some other measurements tending more towards that feeding type in the other species.We concluded that the stomach morphology of the dorcas gazelle indicates the'cattle-type' morphophysiology representative for intermediate feeders.
En este estudio se describe la anatomía macroscópica del estómago de cuatro gacelas dorcas adultas. Se utilizaron cuatro animales adultos, dos machos y dos hembras (Gazella dorcas) del Parque Zoológico Frigya, Enfidha, Túnez. Las papilas ruminales estaban distribuidas de manera desigual en el rumen, y se observaron de mayor tamaño y abundantes dentro de la aurícula, y en ambos saccus cecus. No se observaron papilas en la parte dorsal del saco dorsal. Los reticuli cellulae se dividieron y contenían crestas secundarias y terciarias. La curvatura omasi media 12,1±0,1 cm. Una comparación con los datos de la literatura en gacelas de arena (Gazella subgutturosa marica) indica que no se puede esperar un patrón exacto en las especies estrechamente relacionadas que llenan nichos similares, pero no cuentan con una imagen homogénea. En algunas de las mediciones se observa la tendencia hacia un tipo específico de alimentación en una especie, mientras que otras medidas tienden a asociar este tipo de alimentación a otras especies. La morfología del estómago de la gacela dorcas indica que la morfofisiologia de este tipo de ganado es representativa de alimentadores intermedios.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antelopes/anatomy & histology , Stomach, Ruminant/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
La criopreservación de semen es una importante biotecnología reproductiva que viene siendo utilizada con éxito desde hace casi 50 años que busca promover la conservación del germoplasma masculino. Si bien en la actualidad se han desarrollado sistemas electrónicos automatizados portátiles, muchos técnicos continúan utilizando el método convencional de congelación por su practicidad, bajo costo y su buena eficiencia. En este trabajo, utilizando protocolos estandarizados para la evaluación reproductiva de machos de otras especies se presentan datos preliminares sobre obtención, evaluación y congelación de gameto masculino de antílopes adultos (Addax nasomaculatus). Se obtuvo el semen de tres antílopes machos adultos, registrándose volumen, color, motilidad, vigor, vitalidad, concentración y morfología. El semen fue congelado por el método convencional y preservado en nitrógeno a -196 C. Los machos respondieron satisfactoriamente al método de sedación y extracción de semen. Tanto la evaluación del semen fresco como del semen congelado mostraron datos preliminares aceptables que validan la metodología utilizada y estimulan a continuar trabajando con esta especie dada su condición de animales en cautiverio y en peligro de extinción.
For almost 50 years sperm cryopreservation has been an important reproductive biotechnology that promotes the conservation of male germplasm. While today automated portable electronic systems have been developed, many technicians continue to use the conventional method of freezing for its practicality, low cost and efficiency. In this work we present preliminary data using standard protocols for assessing reproductive males of other species, about evaluation and freezing of adult antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) male gamete. Semen from three adult male antelope was obtained; we registered volume, color, motility, vigor, vitality, concentration and morphology. The semen was frozen by the conventional method and preserved under -196 C nitrogen. Males responded satisfactorily to the method of sedation and extraction of semen. The evaluation of fresh and frozen semen showed acceptable preliminary data that validate the methodology and encourage them to continue working with this species because of their status of animals in captivity and in danger of extinction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Antelopes , Cryopreservation/methods , Semen Preservation/methodsABSTRACT
In February 2012, a reproductive group of 60 adult blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra) from Veracruz, Mexico was relocated to hunting units in eastern and northeastern Mexico. Seven individuals died due to hemorrhagic parasitic, abomasitis and enteritis caused by Haemonchus spp., Setaria spp., and Trichostrongylids. Deaths were associated with hepatic necrosis, bilateral congestive distention of heart and fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia. Also Anaplasma marginale was identified. The blackbucks' population displayed a general mortality rate of 11.67%, where 25% of total male and 9.62% of total female died. The mortality was controlled by segregation of all remaining blackbucks and the treatment for internal and external parasites (biting flies and ticks). After the treatment, no fatality cases related to parasitosis were recorded. The results presented here exhibit the high relevance of parasitosis as possible factor risk in the survival of tis specie.
En febrero del 2012, un grupo de 60 individuos adultos reproductivos de antílope negro (Antilope cervicapra) provenientes de Veracruz, México fueron reubicado en unidades de cacería del este y noreste de este país. Siete individuos murieron presentando hemorragias parasíticas, abomasitis y enteritis ocasionadas por Haemonchus spp., Setaria spp. y Trichostrongylids. Las muertes estuvieron asociadas con necrosis hepática, distensión congestiva del corazón y bronconeumonía fibronecrótica, donde Anaplasma marginale fue identificada. La población de antílopes negros mostró un porcentaje de mortalidad del 11.67%, en donde el 25 y 9.62% de los machos y hembras totales murieron. La mortalidad fue controlada mediante el aislamiento de los antílopes negros restantes y un tratamiento contra parásitos internos y externos (garrapatas y moscas picadoras), lo cual controló las mortalidades y reveló la importancia de la parasitosis como factor de riesgo que afecta la sobrevivencia de esta especie.
Subject(s)
Anaplasma marginale , Antelopes , Disease , ParasitesABSTRACT
Babesia spp. were detected from 4 asymptomatic pukus captured on a game ranch in central Zambia in October 2008. Blood smears were examined in 4 species of aymptomatic free-ranging antelopes, namely the puku (Kobus vordanii), reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus), and kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and showed the presence of Babesia parasites only in the puku. In the puku, the prevalence of babesiosis was estimated at 33.3% (n=12), while the overall prevalence in all examined animals was 8.5% (n=47). The parasites showed morphological characteristics of paired ring-like stages with the length varying between 1.61 microm and 3.02 microm (mean=2.12 microm, n=27; SD=0.76 microm). Both the infected and non-infected pukus showed good body condition scores (BCS), while the dominant tick species detected from all animals were Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus spp., and Boophilus spp. To our knowledge this is the first report of Babesia spp. infection in pukus in Zambia. These findings suggest that wildlife could play an important role in the epidemiology of babesiosis in Zambia.