ABSTRACT
Ovarian cancer ranks the third among gynecological malignancies, while its mortality rate is the highest. Even though recent treatment progress has been made after using PARP inhibitors, the prognosis is still poor. Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) may be a marker for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and the expression of AGR2 suggests that the prognosis of ovarian cancer is better. However, Anterior gradient protein 3 (AGR3) could be used to differentiate high-grade and low-grade ovarian cancer, but its influence on prognosis is still controversial. AGR2 and AGR3 may be therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. This article introduces the research progress of AGR2 and AGR3 in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective: To explore the expression of AGR2 gene in breast cancer as well as to predict its relevant biological functions and molecular signaling pathways with bioinformatics tool. Methods: The expression of AGR2 in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues was analyzed in Oncomine and GEPIA databases, and the expression of AGR2 in breast cancer cell lines was evaluated in CCLE database. Meanwhile, HPA database was used to analyze the expression of AGR2 protein in normal and breast cancer tissues. Besides, the gene expression microarray data download from CCLE database was analyzed by using R software to obtain genes co-expressed withAGR2. Functional annotation ofAGR2 co-expressed genes was performed by using GO Enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses. Results: Oncomine and GEPIA databases showed that AGR2 gene was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and CCLE database analysis showed that AGR2 was highly expressed in all breast cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry results from the HPA database showed that the expression of AGR2 protein was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. A total of 946 genes co-expressed with AGR2 in breast cancer were screened out with the R software. With the GO function Enrichment analysis, the co-expressed genes were demonstrated to be mainly involved in biological functions, such as protein localization to cell periphery, protein localization to plasma membrane, cell junction assembly, cell-substrate adhesion, and cell junction organization etc. In addition, the KEGG analysis results showed that co-expressed genes were mainly involved in the progression of gastric cancer and breast cancer, and were associated with proteoglycans in cancer, as well as proline, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusions:AGR2 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, which may be a potential oncogenic gene and a new therapeutic target of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To construct the shRNA targeting anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) gene for exploring the effect of AGR2 on the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.METHODS: The expression of AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels in NPC cell lines 6-10B and 5-8F was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.The pSR-GFP/Neo-AGR2-shRNA expression vector targeting AGR2 was constructed.Based on the interference targeting AGR2, the cell migration and motility were determined by Transwell migration and motility assays.RESULTS: The expression of AGR2 was increased in NPC cell line 5-8F compared with NPC cell line 6-10B (P <0.05).When the AGR2 expression in 5-8F cells was interfered, the cell migration, invasion and tumorigenicity were weakened.CONCLUSION: The expres-sion of AGR2 is up-regulated in NPC cell line 5-8F.pSR-GFP/Neo-CLU-shRNA successfully inhibits the expression of AGR2 in NPC cell line 5-8F.AGR2 inhibits the migration, invasion and tumorigenicity of 5-8F cells in vivo.