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Background:Cervical vertebraeare the most crucially located and play a dynamic role in the mobility and protection of the vital parts of the central nervous system, they are prone to undergo degenerative diseases like spinal stenosis, cervical spondylosis etc.Hence it is important to know the exact dimensions of cervical vertebralbody and spinal canal in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseasesrelated tocervical spine and spinal cord.Material And Methods:Normal plain radiographs of cervical spine of two hundred adult subjects of known sex (one hundred males and one hundred females) and of known age group (between 18 to 50 years) studied for Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral body (AP-VB), Height of vertebral body (HT-VB)and Canal body ratio (CBR) in C3 to C7 cervical vertebrae. Data tabulated and analysed by using software statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS).Result:Higher mean AP –VB diameter andmean Ht -VB valuesare recorded in males as compared to females.Highermean Canal body ratio (CBR) was recorded in femalesascompared to males.Conclusion:Present study showed,higher mean value of(AP-VB),(HT-VB) in males as compared to females and found to be statistically significant indicating sexual dimorphism. Canal body ratio(CBR) showed slightly higher values in females as compared to malesand found statistically significant at C6 and C7 Levels.
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Introduction: Low backache is one of the most common symptoms of lumbar canal stenosis and it developed aninterest among anatomists to do osteological analysis of lumbar canal. The aim of the current study was tocreate the morphometric database of lumbar canal dimensions in context of its applied clinical implications.Materials and Methods: A dry bone study was carried out on 47 adult human lumbar vertebral sets obtained fromvarious medical colleges in Pune District of Maharashtra. Anteroposterior (LCAP) and transverse (LCT) diametersof lumbar canal were measured by ‘Digital Vernier Caliper with 0.01 mm precision’. The data analysis was donein SPSS Version 20 and ‘ANOVA’ test was applied to evaluate statistical differences.Results: Lumbar canal antero-posterior (LCAP) diameters decreased from L1 to L5 vertebrae whereas there wasgradual increase in Lumbar canal transverse (LCT) diameter from first to fifth lumbar vertebra.Conclusion: The present study reported statistically significant differences in the dimensions of lumbar canal ofL1 to L5 in Indian population. This morphometric baseline data can be utilized in surgical management of lowback pain as a result of lumbar canal stenosis.
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Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate therelationship between Oesophageal varices, Portal veindiameter and splenic length (antero-posterior).Methodology: This Cross-sectional comparative studyconducted at the Department of Hepatology, BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from Jan 2010 toDec 2011 where 50 Patients with cirrhosis of liver attending thedepartment of Hepatology, BSMMU were included as apopulation in this study.All the data was checked and edited after collection. It wasexpressed as Mean and SD. Data has been analyzed byANOVA. p value of less than 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-15(Statistical package for social sciences) win version 15software programme.Results: During the study, the mean age was43.12±15.68years. The highest frequency of cirrhosis patientswas found in 41-50 years age groups (Frequency 12). Leadingcause was HBV (68%) followed by HCV (12%), NBNC (12%),Wilson’s disease (6%) and both HVB& HCV (2%). Also,grade-3 mean portal Vein diameter was found 12.67±2.47 mmwhereas; mean splenic length (antero-post.) was 13.82±2.12cm.Conclusion: Splenic antero-posterior measurement is not areliable predictor for sizes of oesophageal varices. Furtherstudy is needed for better outcome.
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Background: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum of dry human skulls in Gujarat region was carriedout to demonstrate the anatomical variations in morphology. The measurements of the foramen magnum areclinically important because vital structures passing through it. There are certain diseases associated withcompression of structure present in foramen magnum like arnold chiari malformation (tonsillar herniation),achondroplasia, stenosis of foramen magnum, meningioma and atlanto-occipital fusion.Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure anteroposterior & transverse diameter of foramen magnum,surface area and index of foramen magnum and to observe its various shapes.Materials and methods: 326 dry skulls of adult human being were studied. Antero-posterior and TransverseDiameter were measured by using a digital vernier caliper. The surface area and foramen magnum index werecalculated. The cranial base was visually assessed for the shape of foramen magnum.Results: The mean antero-posterior and transverse diameter of the foramen magnum were 34.18 ± 2.74 mm and28.49 ± 2.13 mm respectively. The mean surface area and the foramen magnum index were 766.86 ± 104.76 mm2and 83.60 ± 6.21 mm respectively. The percentages of different shapes of foramen magnum were: Oval (42.33%),Round (32.82%), Tetragonal (8.59%), Hexagonal (7.67%), Pentagonal (4.60%), and irregular (3.99%).Conclusion: The knowledge of various dimensions & shape of the foramen magnum help to determine somemalformations like arnold chiari syndrome in which the transverse diameter is increased. The antero-posteriordiameter of foramen magnum was more than the transverse diameter and most common shape of foramenmagnum was found to be Oval.
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Twin Block appliances are largely used for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusions due to mandibular retrognathism. Due to its patient comfort and ease, this appliance became the major tool for class II skeletal correction. Literature review on this appliance shows mixed responses, some claiming that the results are good and stable while others just put this as an appliance giving temporal acceleration in growth. Hence a study was designed to investigate the stability attained in antero posterior skeletal correction attained with Twin Block appliance. 30 subjects who were treated for mandibular retrognathism were identified. Average age group was 12.9[T1], 14.8 [T2] and 16.5 years [T3]. Pre-treatment, post treatment and a minimum of one year post treatment cephalograms were collected and analyzed. Results obtained from the present study showed that the treatment outcomes that were achieved immediately after twin block therapy was stable and that twin block appliance could be recommended in patients with sufficient growth with mandibular retrognathism.
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Objective To analyze the frequency of pelvis peristalsis in children with hydronephrosis and its correlation with postoperative percentage of improvement in anteroposterior diameter (PI－APD).Methods From Oc-tober 2015 to September 2017,the data of the children with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO)hydro-nephrosis who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty were collected,and their pelvis peristalsis frequencies of 2 min were recorded after exposing the pelvis,while the APD and PI－APD were followed 1 year posto-peratively.The degrees of hydronephrosis were divided into mild,moderate and severe according to the Society of Fetal Urology(SFU)classifica-tion system.ANOVA was used to compare the pelvis peristalsis frequency and postoperative PI－APD between different degrees of hydronephrosis.Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between pelvis peristalsis frequency and degree of hydronephrosis.Meanwhile,Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between pelvis peristalsis fre-quency,hydronephrosis degree and PI－APD.Results A total of 50 children were included,of which 36 patients got follow－up for 1 year postoperatively.Pelvis 2 min peristalsis frequency between different degrees of hydronephrosis [mild:(8.1 ± 3. 3)times;moderate:(6.3 ± 3.5)times;severe:(7.8 ± 3.9)times]had no significant difference (F＝0.65,P＝0. 527);no statistical correlation was observed between pelvis peristalsis frequency and degree of hydro-nephrosis or PI－APD (all P ＞0.05).Preoperative hydronephrosis degree was positively correlated with PI －APD (r＝0.54,P＝0. 001).PI－APD in severe hydronephrosis (0.48 ± 0.29)was significantly higher than that of mild hydronephrosis (0.21 ± 0.20)(P ＝0.001 ). Conclusions For children with different degrees of hydronephrosis caused by UPJO,there was no significant difference in the pelvis peristalsis frequency recorded during laparoscopic pyeloplasty.Pelvis peristalsis frequency recorded during surgery was not correlated with PI －APD,but preoperative hydronephrosis degree was positively correlated with postoperative PI－APD.
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Aim: To evaluate sexual differences using demarking point and index of sexual dimorphism from the length of talus in relation to age among male and female north-eastern Nigerians. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Human Anatomy and Radiology, University of Maiduguri and University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) respectively, Borno State, Nigeria between October 2010 to March 2012. Methodology: Three hundred and twelve (312) radiographs of adult north-eastern Nigerians (156 males and 156 females) with ages ranged from 20 to 69 years were measured. Radiographs used for this study were obtained from the collection of records unit of Radiology Department of UMTH in Borno State, Nigeria. Radiographic viewing box, erasable maker, meter rule were used for the measurements. Both female and male samples were grouped into two separate subsamples (right and left talus). Samples were classified into five (5) age groups which spanned ten years interval. The lateral views of the plain radiographs of the ankle were mounted on viewing box connected to a light source which gave good illumination. Antero-posterior length (APL) of the talus was measured as a linear distance between the most anterior point on the head of talus and the most posterior point on the body of the talus) using a calibrated meter rule. Results: The means of APL for males are all significantly greater than their female counterparts of the same age group. The results also show statistically significant (p<0.001) differences between the lengths of talus in males and females. The values of demarking points (DP) in males were higher than in females. The Index of sexual dimorphisms (ISDs) are greater than 100 which suggest that males have higher value over female counterparts. The result also show age related variation with male APL range from 5.82 cm at 60-69 years age group to 6.21 cm at 30-39 years age group; while female APL range from 5.27 cm at 60-69 years age group to 5.56 cm at 30-39 years age group. Conclusion: It was observed that the APLs of talus are sexually dimorphic; the DPs of male are all higher than those of female Counterparts. ISD also shows that, male APLs are greater than those of the female counterparts: because the ISDs were all greater than 100 at all age groups. However more studies are required in other part of Nigeria, so as to capture the racial variation of Nigeria.
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PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to investigate changes of chest wall shape and chest compression site according to increasing age. METHODS: This study is based on 99 patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans, and classified them into six groups according to age, from 30's to 80's. Using images of sagittal and coronal sections of chest CT scans, we found the chest compression site, which is in the lower half point of the sternal body. We calculated the vertical length to the left ventricular outflow tract and to the center of the left ventricle from the lower half point of the sternal body. We also estimated the antero-posterior (AP) diameters of the lower half region of the chest to determine how the shape of the chest changes according to increasing age. In addition, we calculated the horizontal length between the surface of the chest and center of the left ventricle. Data are classified and estimated according to age group. RESULTS: The AP diameter at the compression site was not significantly changed according to increasing age. The vertical length from the compression site to the center of the left ventricle and left ventricular outflow tract was significantly changed according to increasing age. The depth between surface of body and center of left ventricle was not significantly changed according to increasing age. CONCLUSION: There is a tendency where the position of the left ventricular outflow tract and center of the left ventricle show lower positioning according to increasing age. AP diameter at the compression point was not significantly changed according to increasing age.
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Humans , Heart Ventricles , Thoracic Wall , Thorax , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Combined antero-posterior fixation has been a standard method for bilateral interfacetal dislocation in cervical spine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and complication of anterior cervical stabilization in treatment of bilateral interfacetal dislocation. METHODS: A total of 65 cases of traumatic bilateral interfacetal dislocation in cervical spine who were managed in our institution, from Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2006, were included in this study. Closed reduction was tried in all cases before operation. If closed reduction was accomplished successfully, only anterior cervical fixation was performed (Group I), and attempted to place screws bicortically as possible with unicortical screws. If failed, posterior open reduction with fixation was first tried, followed by anterior cervical fixation (Group II). All patients were evaluated for neurological outcome and radiological evidence of healing. RESULTS: The Group I included 47 patients and the Group II, 18 patients. The improvement of Frankel grade and increase of mean cervical lordosis angles were not statistically different between two groups. Screw-plate system used did not influence the outcome. On follow up, solid bone fusion was evident and there were no cases of instability in both groups. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that anterior cervical fixation on BID is safe and effective in comparison with combined antero-posterior cervical fixation.
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Animals , Humans , Joint Dislocations , Follow-Up Studies , Lordosis , SpineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the postnatal outcome of fetal pyelectasia and to assess the cut-off value for prediction of renal pathologic processes and surgical intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-seven cases of pyelectasia were identified during the study period (1996 through 2000). Fetuses with antero-posterior pelvic diameter (APPD) >or=7 mm after 28 weeks were included. Postnatal evaluation included renal sonogram, voiding cystourethrogram, and renal flow and function studies. RESULTS: Renal pathologic processes after birth were found in 38 of 77 cases (49%). Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (19 cases, 50%) was the most common, followed by 4 cases of duplicated kidney, 3 cases of ureterovesical junction obstruction, 2 cases of primary vesicoureteral reflux, dysplastic kidney, extrarenal pelvis respectively and 1 case of ureterocele. Surgical intervention was performed in 21 cases (55%); pyeloplasty (13), nephrectomy (including partial) (3), transurethral incision of ureterocele (2), uretero- ureterostomy (1), uretero-cystostomy (2). Using cut-off value derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, renal APPD >or=10.5 mm, >or=13.6 mm after 28 weeks gestation could predict the fetuses who would have renal pathologic processes and need surgical intervention, with sensitivity and specificity of 77.5%, 79.4% and 90.5%, 89.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is possible to predict the fetuses who would require appropriate urologic evaluation and surgical intervention after birth, with determining the renal pelvic diameter in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Fetus , Kidney , Nephrectomy , Parturition , Pathologic Processes , Pelvis , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ureterocele , Ureterostomy , Vesico-Ureteral RefluxABSTRACT
To summarize the clinical results of combined transoral anterior decompression and posterior decompression and internal fixation of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with spinal cord compression. 12 cases of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with spinal cord compression were operated on with transoral anterior decompression combined with posterior decompression and occipitocervical internal fixation with occipitocervical CD rod or Cervifix. With an average of 20 month follow up, clinical cure rate was evaluated according to Symon and Lavender . Vertebral canal vector diameters in MR were measured. The results showed that the total clinical effective rate was 91.6%, and the remarkable effective rate was 50%. The average improvement rate of vertebral canal decompression was 73.6 %. These results suggest that transoral anterior decompression combined with posterior decompression and internal fixation is more suitable for irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with spinal cord compression.
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The results of diabetic vitrectomy on eyes with severe proliferative fibrovascular membranes are often disappointing, because of difficulties in removing the membranes. But we sometimes observe the regression of the proliferative fibrovascular membranes when the antero-posterior tractional force become released. Hence we compared the surgical prognosis of proliferative diabetic retmopathy according to the severity of proliferation and whether removal of antero-posterior vitreoretinal traction was complete or not. The results showed that the anatomic success rate and final visual acuities(VA) were significantly better in less-severe proliferation group(LSPG) than in severe prolif era tion group(SPG). In SPG, the anatomic success rate and VA tended to be better when we were able to remove the antero-posterior vitreoretinal adhesion completely whether the removal of preretinal membranes was complete or not. When complete removal of the diabetic fibrovascular membrane is difficult due to severe proliferation and broad adhesion, complete removal of anter-posterior traction only could be an alternative in diabetic vitrectomy.
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Membranes , Prognosis , Traction , VitrectomyABSTRACT
To find out the antero-posterior morphology of the upper face in Angle's class III malocclusion patients, 90 patients, adults in Hellman's Dental age, were used as samples and following results were obtained after the relative comparision of antero-posterior relationship of upper facial structures between Angle's class I malocclusion patients and Angle's class III malocclusion patients and of antero-posterior size of upper facial structures to horizontal and vertical structures in each patients. 1. After comparison of the distance from PMV line to anterior margin of maxillary sinus and cheek, which determines the antero-posterior position of the upper face, upper face in Angle's class III patients are underdeveloped relative to Angle's class I patients. The distance between orbitale and anterior margin of maxillary sinus were greater in Angle's class I patients, whic implies thart the upper face in Angle's class III are depressed. 2. Antero-posterior dimension of anterior cranial base from PMV line and vertical dimension of upper face are statistically insignificant between two groups. After comparing antero-posterior position of upper face to anterior cranial base, the upper face in Angle's class III patients are depressed antero-posteriorly in relation to anterior cranial base. Following the comparision of antero-posterior position of upper face in relation to vertical dimension of upper face, the upper face in Angle's class III patients seem to be narrow antero-posteriorly