ABSTRACT
En el Magdalena Medio colombiano confluyen dos actividades económicas: una ganadería intensiva y una consolidada industria petroquímica. Esta última representa un potencial peligro para la Salud Pública, como consecuencia de la emisión de metales tóxicos (plomo y cadmio) que pueden incorporarse a la cadena trófica. Por ello se realizó un inventario de pasturas en esta región en función de la distancia (100, 500, 2500 y 5000 m) al foco emisor contaminante. Así se muestrearon en zonas próximas a la refinería de crudo (Barrancabermeja, Santander), en pozos de extracción (Yondó, Antioquía) y tomando como testigo el Campus académico de la Universidad de la Paz (Barrancabermeja, Santander). Los resultados obtenidos indican una alta frecuencia de representantes de la familia Poaceae y de sus géneros de Brachiaria spp., con importantes diferencias. La información se interpretó en los tres primeros componentes, donde las variables con mayor peso fueron la profundidad del suelo a 5 y 30 cm, tipo de pastura con predominio de las especies introducidas y el transecto en relación a la distancia focal de las fuentes de contaminación. Así, en la zona de la refinería solo se han detectado dos especies de Brachiaria, mientras que en la zona de los pozos de extracción y en la zona testigo se presenta mayor frecuencia de otras especies de Brachiaria. Se concluye que los mayores niveles de bioacumulación de metales en tejidos vegetales presentó el siguiente orden: raíz > tallo > hojas, a su vez la acumulación en suelo mostró ser mayor en la profundidad de 5 cm.
In the Middle Magdalena Colombian converge two economic activities: intensive livestock and a consolidated petrochemical industry. The latter represents a potential danger to public health, resulting from the emission of toxic metals (lead and cadmium) that can enter in the food chain. Therefore pasture inventory is performed in this region depending on the distance (100, 500, 2500 and 5000 m) to the emitting source contaminant. So they were sampled near the oil refinery (Barrancabermeja, Santander) in extraction wells (Yondó, Antioquia) and sampling as witness the academic campus of the Universidad de la Paz (Barrancabermeja, Santander) areas. The results indicate a high frequency of representatives of the Poaceae family and its genera Brachiaria, with important differences. The information was interpreted in the first three components, where the variables with more weight were soil depth to 5 and 30 centimeters, type of pasture with predominance of introduced species and transect relative to the focal length of the sources of pollution. Then, in the area of the refinery were detected only two species of Brachiaria, while in the area of the extraction wells and in the control area it is presented a higher frequency of other species of Brachiaria. Its concluded that higher levels of bioaccumulation of metals in plant tissues presented the following order: root > stem > leaves, turn the accumulation in soil was found to be higher in the depth of 5 cm
Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Pollutants , Cadmium , Brachiaria , LeadABSTRACT
RESUMONesse trabalho são apresentados os resultados dos ensaios espectrofotométricos realizados nas amostras retiradas das águas do Rio Guaraguaçú localizado no litoral Paranaense. Esses ensaios foram realizados para quantificar o elemento fósforo pelo método do azul de molibdênio e o elemento nitrogênio pelos métodos de Griess e indofenol. Com esses resultados foi possível avaliar que o referido rio vem sofrendo com a atividade antrópica no seu entorno. Os resultados de fosfato estão acima dos valores estabelecidos pela Resolução 357/2005 do CONAMA, sendo que esses resultados, quando comparados com os obtidos em outro rio da região, são similares, daí observa-se que esse fato não é provocado por atividade antrópica. Já os resultados das concentrações dos íons amônio, nitrato e nitrito indicam que os valores obtidos estão abaixo dos valores máximos estabelecidos pela referida resolução, denota-se então que a presença desses dois últimos íons em águas superficiais ocorre onde a atividade antrópica está em expansão.
ABSTRACTIn this paper are present the results of spectrophotometric tests performed on water samples taken from the Guaraguaçú River located on the coast of Paraná State, Brazil. These tests were conducted to quantify the element phosphorus by the blue molybdenum method and the element nitrogen by Griess and indophenol methods. With these results it was possible to assess that this river has been suffering with anthropic activity in your surroundings. The results of phosphate are above the levels established in Resolution 357/2005 of CONAMA, and these results compared with those obtained in other river in the region are similar, hence we observe that this fact is not caused by human activity. Since the results of the concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite indicate that the values obtained are below the maximums established by that resolution, then we denote that the presence of the latter two ions in surface water occurs where anthropic activity is expanding.