ABSTRACT
El Centro Ecológico y Recreativo El Zapotal (CEREZ) se caracteriza por presentar uno de los últimos remanentes de selva mediana en la región central de Chiapas, México. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de algunos grupos taxonómicos de la reserva no es del todo adecuado. En este trabajo se analiza la composición y estructura, así como la distribución temporal de los escarabajos coprófagos que habitan en el CEREZ. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales entre febrero de 2013 y enero de 2014 utilizando trampas de caída cebadas con estiércol de seis especies de mamíferos que se mantienen en cautiverio al interior del Zoológico Miguel Álvarez del Toro (ZooMAT). Se presenta una lista anotada de 22 especies agrupadas en 12 géneros y seis tribus de Scarabaeinae. Onthophagus anthracinus, Canthon femoralis, Onthophagus landolti y Copris laeviceps aportan el 89.7% de la abundancia total. La curva de rarefacción muestra una tendencia asintótica, con un 92% de completitud. La fauna capturada muestra una marcada distribución temporal (p < 0.01), observando los valores más altos de riqueza y abundancia durante los meses de la temporada lluviosa. Los registros representan el 7.53% de la diversidad conocida en México y el 18.2% de las especies reportadas en el estado de Chiapas. A pesar de representar un pequeño remanente de selva tropical y de la constante presión antrópica generada por la zona urbana, El Zapotal conserva una fauna de escarabajos coprófagos representativa a nivel regional, resaltando la importancia de la reserva como refugio de especies.
El Zapotal Recreational Ecological Preserve (CEREZ) is characterized by presenting one of the last remnants of tropical forest in the central region of Chiapas, Mexico. However, the knowledge of some taxa of the reserve is not entirely adequate. In this work the composition and structure, as well as the temporal distribution of the dung beetles that reside in CEREZ, are analyzed. Monthly samplings were carried out between February 2013 and January 2014 using pitfall traps baited with dung of six mammal species that are kept in captivity inside the Miguel Álvarez del Toro Zoo (ZooMAT). An annotated checklist of 22 species grouped into 12 genera and six tribes of Scarabaeinae is presented. Onthophagus anthracinus, Canthon femoralis, Onthophagus landolti, and Copris laeviceps provide 89.7% of the total abundance. The rarefaction curve shows an asymptotic tendency, with 92% completeness. The captured fauna showed a marked temporal distribution (p < 0.01), observing the highest values of richness and abundance during the months of the rainy season. The records represent 7.53% of the species diversity known in Mexico and 18.2% of the reported in the Chiapas state. Despite representing a small remnant of tropical forest and the constant anthropic pressure generated by the urban area, El Zapotal conserves a representative fauna of dung beetles at the regional level, Highlighting the importance of the reserve as a refuge for species.
ABSTRACT
Both the study of Brazilian wild mammal fauna and the conditions that foster the preservation of endangered species, such as Brazilian Maned-wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), in wild life are of extreme importance. In order to study the resistance profile of microbiota bacterial colonizing Brazilian Maned-wolf, this work investigated samples from eight male captive and free roaming animals originating from different Brazilian geographical regions. Samples for microbiological purposes were collected with swabs and kept in appropriate transport medium. Using routine microbiological techniques, the isolated bacteria were tested toward antimicrobial drugs by the agar disk diffusion method. Results showed that all samples from wild animals were sensitive toward all drugs tested. Conversely, the resistance profile of bacteria isolated from captive animals varied among strains and animal body site location. Escherichia coli samples from prepuce, anus and ear showed multi-resistance toward at least four drugs, especially against erythromycin and tetracycline, followed by Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris strains isolated from anus and ear. Among Gram-positive bacteria, strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed multi-resistance mainly toward erythromycin and amoxicillin. The work discusses these findings and suggests that profile of multi-resistance bacteria from captive subjects may be attributed to direct contact with human or through lifestyle factors such as feeding, predation or contact of animals with urban animals such as birds, rodents, and insects from surrounding environments.