Molecular mechanism of high altitude hypoxia induced intestinal homeostasis imbalance and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Hypoxia is one of the factors restricting the survival of people at high altitudes, which can cause various symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, shortness of breath and acute coma. About 80% of patients with acute mountain sickness have at least one symptom of a gastrointestinal distress (e. g., anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, etc.). The pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and drug treatment of intestinal injury caused by high-altitude hypoxia were studied, which is conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of plateau gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, by summarized relevant literature and systematically expounds the related researches on intestinal damage caused by high altitude hypoxia. We summarized the changes of intestinal morphology, intestinal cells, intestinal flora and other intestinal homeostasis caused by high altitude hypoxia, the mechanism of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage, and the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, which provide reference and information for reference for scientific research workers and clinicians.

The protective effect of catechin on acute high-altitude hypoxic injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the protective effect of catechin on acute altitude injury in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, altitude hypoxia model group, rhodiola capsule group, low -, middle-and high dose of catechin groups. After three days of preventive administration, animals were rushed to 4 010 m altitude. After five days of continuous administration, abdominal aortic blood of rats was collected for blood gas detection. Cardiac, brain and lung tissues were collected for HE staining to observe the pathological changes. MDA content, GSH content, NO content, SOD activity of myocardial, brain and lung tissues were detected, so were IL-6 and TNF-α content in serum. Results Compared with the control group, blood oxygen saturation of rats of altitud hypoxia model group was significantly reduced, while myocardial, brain and lung tissues were damaged to different degrees. MDA and NO content increased, while GSH content and SOD activity decreased. The serum inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 levels were elevated significantly. After catechin treatment, blood oxygen saturation of hypoxia rats significantly increased (P < 0. 05). HE staining results showed that myocardial, brain and lung tissue injury was alleviated to some extent. MDA, NO, IL-6 and TNF-α content were down-regulated, while GSH content and SOD activity were up-regulated respectively. Conclusions Catechin can resist high altitude hypoxia and protect the main organs from hypoxia injury in rats acute exposed to altitude, which is related to alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation caused by acute hypoxia exposure.

A comprehensive review of natural products with anti-hypoxic activity / 中国天然药物

Natural products exhibit substantial impacts in the field of anti-hypoxic traetment. Hypoxia can cause altitude sickness and other negative effect on the body. Headache, coma, exhaustion, vomiting and, in severe cases, death are some of the clinical signs. Currently, hypoxia is no longer just a concern in plateau regions; it is also one of the issues that can not be ignored by urban residents. This review covered polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, peptides and traditional Chinese compound prescriptions as natural products to protect against hypoxia. The active ingredients, effectiveness and mechanisms were discussed. The related anti-hypoxic mechanisms involve increasing the hemoglobin (HB) content, glycogen content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, removing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing lipid peroxidation, regulating the levels of related enzymes in cells, protecting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. These comprehensive summaries are beneficial to anti-hypoxic research and provide useful information for the development of anti-hypoxic products.

Protective effects of the total bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus on hypoxia mice under normobaric pressure / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus on improving hypoxia tolerance in mice. Methods Mice normobaric pressure hypoxia model and oxygen glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells were established, and the effects of PTB on survival time, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, brain and heart superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, brain tissue pathological changes and cell survival were observed. Results The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus had prolonged the survival time of mice in confined spaces, increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the production of lipid peroxidation, decreased the degree of anaerobic glycolysis, protected the structure and function of neural cells, and improved the survival rate of OGD-treated cells. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus could promote the hypoxia tolerance in mice which might be related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction and protecting the structures and functions of nerve cells.

Pharmacodynamic of cilostazol for anti-altitude hypoxia / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The plateau environment is characterized by low oxygen partial pressure, leading to the reduction of oxygen carrying capacity in alveoli and the reduction of available oxygen in tissues, and thus causing tissue damage. Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that has been reported to increase the oxygen release of hemoglobin (Hb) in tissues. This study aims to explore the anti-hypoxic activity of cilostazol and its anti-hypoxic effect.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a low-dose cilostazol (6.5 mg/kg) group, a medium-dose (13 mg/kg) group, a high-dose (26 mg/kg) group, and a control group. The atmospheric airtight hypoxia experiment was used to investigate the anti-hypoxic activity of cilostazol and to screen the optimal dosage. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normoxia control group, a hypoxia model group, an acetazolamide (22.33 mg/kg) group, and a cilostazol (9 mg/kg) group. After 3 days of hypoxia in the 4 010 m high altitude, blood from the abdominal aorta was collected to determine blood gas indicators, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutataione (GSH) were measured. The degree of pathological damage for rat tissues was observed with HE staining.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the survival time of mice in the low, medium, and high dose group of cilostazol was significantly prolonged, and the survival time of mice in the medium dose group was the longest, with an extension rate at 29.34%, so the medium dose was the best dose. Compared with the hypoxia model group, the P50 (oxygen partial pressure at Hb oxygen saturation of 50%) value of rats in the cilostazol group was significantly increased by 1.03%; Hb and Hct were significantly reduced by 8.46% and 8.43%, and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma were reduced by 50.65% and 30.77%. The MDA contents in heart, brain, lung, liver, and kidney tissues were reduced by 37.12%, 29.55%, 25.00%, 39.34%, and 21.47%, respectively. The SOD activities were increased by 94.93%, 9.14%, 9.42%, 13.29%, and 20.80%, respectively. The GSH contents were increased by 95.24%, 28.62%, 28.57%, 20.80%, and 44.00%, respectively. The results of HE staining showed that compared with the hypoxia model group, cilostazol significantly improved the damage of heart, lung, and kidney tissues in rats after hypoxia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cilostazol can significantly improve the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction caused by rapid altitude hypoxia, and it has a significant protective effect on tissue damage caused by hypoxia, suggesting that it has obvious anti-hypoxic activity.

Anti-hypoxic pharmacological effects of betelnut polyphenols / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Areca catechu L. medicinal materials and their preparations are widely used in clinical practice. Betelnut polyphenol is one of the main chemical components with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. With continuous increase of high altitude activities, tissue oxidative damage caused by high altitude hypoxia seriously affects the ability to work, and the studies on anti-hypoxia drugs are particularly important. Recent studies have shown that betelnut polyphenols have protective effects on oxidative stress injury caused by hypoxia via improving blood gas index of hypoxic organism, increasing superoxide dismutase glutathione catalase activity, and scavenging excessive free radicals. The effects of betelnut polyphenols against hypoxia and oxidative damage protection suggest that betelnut polyphenols can be used as potential anti-hypoxia drugs and posses clinical prospects.

Study on the Antioxidation and Anti-hypoxia Effects of Yuanshen Granule in Normal Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-oxidation and an ti-hypoxia effect of Yuanshen granule on normal mice. METHODS ： Totally 800 mice were randomly divided into blank control group ，Yuanshen granule low-dose ，middle-dose and high-dose groups （10，20，40 g/kg）and Hongjingtian oral liquid group （positive control ，2 mL/kg），with 160 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 30 d. Blank control group was given constant volume of normal saline by the same method. At 1st，3rd，7th，14th and 30th day after administration ，8 mice in each group at each time point were randomly selected for anoxia tolerance test under normobaric pressure and decompression ；the contents of MDA and SOD in myocardium and cerebral tissue were measured ；the hemolysis effect of red blood cell induced by H 2O2 was investigated. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，the survival time of anoxia tolerance under normobaric pressure and under decompression （after 7 days of administration ）were prolonged significantly in Yuanshen granule groups （P＜0.05）. The contents of MDA in myocardium and cerebral tissue （after 3 or 7 days of administration ；after 3，7 or 14 days of administration ） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05），and the contents of SOD （after 7，14 or 30 days of administration ；after 7 days of administration）were increased significantly （P＜0.05）；the erythrocyte hemolysis rate （after 3 or 7 days of administration ）was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. At some time points ，the improvement effect of the above indexes in the Yuanshen granule middle-dose and high-dose groups was significantly better than that of Hongjingtian oral liquid group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： Yuanshen granule can effectively prolong the hypoxia tolerance survival time of normal mice ，it has anti-oxidant and anti-hypoxia effects on normal mice ，and the effect of Yuanshen granule middle-dose and high-dose groups is better than that of Hongjingtian oral liquid group.

Chemical constituents from rhizome of Menispermum dauricum and their anti-hypoxic activities / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum,fifteen compounds,N-methylcorydaldine( 1),thalifoline( 2),stepholidine( 3),acutumine( 4),daurisoline( 5),acutumidine( 6),dauricicoline( 7),bianfugecine( 8),6-O-demethylmenisporphine( 9),bianfugedine( 10),dauricoside( 11),eleutheroside D( 12),aristolactone( 13),aristoloterpenateⅠ( 14) and aristolochic acid( 15) were isolated from 75% ethanol extract of Menispermi Rhizoma by using thin layer chromatography and column chromatography methods. Their structures were identified based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Among them,compounds 12-15 were obtained from the genus Menispermum for the first time. Six alkaloids with higher contents were subjected to evaluate the anti-hypoxic activities by using MTT method. As a result,six alkaloids exhibited significant anti-hypoxia activities.

Pharmacodynamics of the effective anti-hypoxia constituents in Saussurea involu-crat a / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study pharmacodynamics of the effective anti-hypoxia components in the petroleum ether ex-tract of Saussurea Involucrate(PESI)and octacosane.Methods PESI and octacosane were first evaluated by normobaric hy-poxia model,acute decompression model and followed by chemical induced hypoxic models with potassium cyanide,sodium ni-trite and isoprenaline hydrochloride poisoning.Results PESI and octacosane can effectively prolong the survival time of hypo-baric hypoxic mice(P<0.01)and reduce the mortality of acute hypobaric hypoxia mice(P<0.01)in a dose-dependent man-ner.Anti-hypoxic potency of PESI and octacosane obtained by chemical induced hypoxic model indicated that they significantly increase survival time(P<0.05)of hypoxia mice than acetazolamide.Conclusion PESI and octacosane have good anti-hypoxia activity.

Effects of the active constituents from Saussurea involucrata on metabolism of mice at simulated high altitude / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the anti-hypoxia effects of octacosane and the petroleum ether extract from Saus-surea Involucrate(PESI)on the water,sugar,lipid and protein metabolism of mice at simulated high altitude.Methods The healthy adult male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group,hypoxic model group,acetazolamide group, the petroleum ether of Saussurea involucrata group and octacosane group.Drugs were administered i.v 20 mins before the mice were exposed to a simulated high altitude of 6 000 m for 8 hours in an animal decompression chamber.The mice were sacrificed at the end of 8 hours.Organ water content,organ indexes and metabolism indicators of sugar,protein and lipid were deter-mined.Results The edema of heart,brain and lung was reduced notably(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the mice received PESI at 200 mg/kg and octacosane at 100 mg/kg.In the treated groups,the increase of blood sugar,muscle glycogen,TG(triglycer-ide),TC(total cholesterol)were all significantly inhibited,the decrease of liver glycogen,the protein content of heart and brain was also remarkably blocked(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion PESI and octacosane effectively regulate the metabolism of hypoxic mice and reserve the body′s energy for survival by lowering the basic metabolism.

Optimization of Extraction and Enrichment Process and Anti-hypoxia Activity of Total Triterpenes from Sibiraea Angustata / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction and enrichment process of total triterpenes from Sibiraea Angustata; To study its anti-hypoxia activity. Methods The extraction solvent of total triterpenoids of Sibiraea Angustata was screened by atmospheric pressure anti-hypoxia test. The content of total triterpenes and extraction rate were set as evaluation indexes. The effects of extraction time, extraction times and ratio of material to liquid on extraction were investigated by orthogonal test. The extraction process was optimized. Resin type, concentration of sample, eluent concentration and eluent volume were investigated to optimize the enrichment process of total triterpenes of Sibiraea Angustata. Finally, the anti-hypoxia activity was studied by atmospheric pressure test and acute decompression test. Results The optimum extraction process was as follows: 70% ethanol extraction, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:20, extrat 2 times with 1.5 h for each time, and the content of total triterpenes was 32.25%. The optimum enrichment process was: AB-8-type macroporous adsorption resin, the loading concentration of 2 mg/mL, 80% ethanol 5 BV elution, and total triterpenes content was up to 61.09%; Sibiraea Angustata total triterpenes anti-hypoxia activity test was strong, and had a certain dose dependency. Conclusion The extraction and enrichment process of total triterpenes from Sibiraea Angustata is stable, reproducible and has significant anti-hypoxia activity.

Protective effects of the total bakkenolides from Petasites .tricholobus on high al-titude hypoxia / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P .tricholobus on high altitude hy-poxia .Method Normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice ,hypobaric hypoxia model in rats were established for this study .Survival time and survival rate of mice were recorded .The level of blood sugar and glycogen ,adeno-sine triphosphate (ATP) ,lactic acid (LD) ,lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in different organs of rats .Results The total bakkenolides significantly prolonged the survival time of mice in normobaric hypoxia model and reduced the death rate of mice in acute hypobaric hypoxia model .The total bakkenolides suppressed blood sugar level in rats and increased the glyco-gen level in rat liver ,skeletal muscle and myocardium .It also elevated the ATP content in rat brain ,liver ,skeletal muscle and myocardium .Meanwhile ,the content of LD in plasma ,skeletal muscle ,myocardium and LDH level in myocardium were re-duced .Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P .tricholobus have protective effect on normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice as well as hypobaric hypoxia model in rats .Its anti-hypoxia efficacy at high altitude may relate to the increased blood sugar ,glycogen ,and ATP level and reduced LD ,LDH level in major organs .

A new anti-hypoxia sesquiterpene from the rhizome of Petasites japonicus / 药学学报

A new sesquiterpene, bakkenolide-Ⅵa (1), was isolated from the rhizome of Petasites japonicas (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. The structure was characterized on the basis of various NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) and mass spectrometry data. Bakkenolide-Ⅵa showed potent cerebral hypoxia-ischemia protective activity in mice subjected to decapitation through prolonging the survival time and gasping time. It also exhibited a protective activity against hypoxia injury in PC12 cells in anaerobic culture by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

Eukaryotic expression of human NOVA1 protein and identification of its anti-hypoxia activity / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to construct the eukaryotic expression vector of pCMV-Myc-NOVA1 based on NOVA1 gene, and to screen the optimum expression condition after transfecting to PC12 cells, and further to explore the distribution of NOVA1 protein in PC12 cells using cell immunohistochemistry, and to identifyits anti-hypoxia activity. According to the NOVA1 gene sequence of NCBI database, we designed the upstream and downstream primers, and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the full length cDNA coding sequence using pCR4-TOPO-NOVA1 as a template. The products were digested by restriction endonuclease SalⅠand XhoⅠ, and conjugated to the eukaryotic expression vector ofpCMV-Myc followed by validating by digestion and direct sequencing. Subsequently, the validated pCMV-Myc-NOVA1 was transfected to PC12 cells followed by optimizing of transfection ratio and transfection time, and identified by qPCR, Western blotting and cell immunohistochemistry respectively. After validation by digestion and direct sequencing, the eukaryotic expression vector of pCMV-Myc-NOVA1 was correctly constructed. The optimum transfection ratio of plasmid to Lipo 2000 was 1:2.5, and the optimum transfection time was 72 h. At the optimum transfection condition, the expression level of NOVA1 mRNA and protein significantly increased, and after transfection of pCMV-Myc-NOVA1, NOVA1 protein mainly distributed in cell nucleus and cytoplasm. After 6 h hypoxia, the cell proliferation activity was significantly increased compared to that of the control and pCMV-Myc group. Our findings provided a reference for exploring the mechanism of NOVA1, and also a technical support for potential drug development of NOVA1.

Studies on dosage-efficacy/toxicity relationship of anti-hypoxia effects and quality standard of Tibetan medicine Brassicea Radix extract / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the efficacy and safety associated with anti-hypoxia effect and establish the quality standard for Brassicea Radix extract, the investigations of acute toxicity and subacute toxicity were carried out to preliminarily appraise the toxicity, and the models of normal pressure hypoxia, acute cerebral ischemia and sodium nitrite poisoning in mice were used to evaluate the effect of enhancing anoxia endurance. Then according to the methods described in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the sulfuric acid-phenol method was applied to determine the content of polysaccharide, and the water, ash and insoluble matter in water inspections were carried out and the control medicinal herb was identified with the samples by qualitative TLC. The results indicated that ① the toxic effects (LD₅₀) of mice was 56.73 g•kg⁻¹ by oral administration of Brassicea Radix extract, while Dm and Dn were respective 86.80 g•kg•d⁻¹ and 35.55 g•kg•d⁻¹;②the determined effective dosage of Brassicea Radix extract which could enhance anoxia endurance was 0.388 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹; ③ the methods of TLC and the content of polysaccharide were established. The method of quality control has been recorded in Sichuan Province Standard for Tibetan Medicine, which is reliable, accurate and simple, with good reproducibility. Meanwhile, given the prominent effect on anti-hypoxia and good safety, it provided important basis for clinic safe and effective usage and the development of health products.

Galloyl glucosidic constituents of choerospondias axillaries and their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate gallic acid-derived chemical constituents of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill., and evaluate their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities. Methods The aimed chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic means, and their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectroscopic data. MTT method was employed to evaluate anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia activities. Antibacterial activities were tested by paper disc method. Results Seven compounds 1-7 were isolated from the stem barks of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill. and identified as gallic acid (1)gallic acid ethyl ether (2)l-0-galloyl-β-A-glucose (3)1, 6-di-0-galloyl-β-D-glucose (4)1, 4-di-0- galloyl-β-D-glucose (5)1,4,6-tri-0-galloyl-β-β-glucose (6), and 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-0-galloyl-β-D-glucose (7). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-6 significantly inhibited K562 cells with the IC50 values of 2.9, 14.6, 39.1, 40.2, 41.2 mg/ml, respectively, and 3 and 7 also showed a slight inhibition of the K562 cells with the inhibition rate of 20.8% and 30.1V at 100 !g/ml respectively. Compounds 1-7 showed protective effects on anoxia-induced injury in cultured ECY304 and PC12 cells at the concentrations showing no significant cytotoxicity, and 5-7 also showed an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 to a certain extent. Conclusion Compounds 2-7 were isolated from the genus Choerospondias for the first time. It was the first time to report 1-7 as anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia constituents of Choerospondias axillaries, and the anti-hypoxia activity for 1-7 was also recorded for the first time in the present study.

Galloyl glucosidic constituents of Choerospondias axillaries and their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate gallic acid-derived chemical constituents of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill., and evaluate their in vitro anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia and anti-bacteria activities. Methods The aimed chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic means, and their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectroscopic data. MTT method was employed to evaluate anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia activities. Antibacterial activities were tested by paper disc method. Results Seven compounds 1-7 were isolated from the stem barks of Choerospondias axillaries (Roxb.) Burtt. et Hill. and identified as gallic acid(1), gallic acid ethyl ether(2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(3), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(4), 1,4-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(5), 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(6), and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(7). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-6 significantly inhibited K562 cells with the IC50 values of 2.9, 14.6, 39.1, 40.2, 41.2 μg/ml, respectively, and 3 and 7 also showed a slight inhibition of the K562 cells with the inhibition rate of 20.8% and 30.1% at 100 μg/ml respectively. Compounds 1-7 showed protective effects on anoxia-induced injury in cultured ECV304 and PC12 cells at the concentrations showing no significant cytotoxicity, and 5-7 also showed an antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 to a certain extent. Conclusion Compounds 2-7 were isolated from the genus Choerospondias for the first time. It was the first time to report 1-7 as anti-tumor and anti-hypoxia constituents of Choerospondias axillaries, and the anti-hypoxia activity for 1-7 was also recorded for the first time in the present study.

Pharmacodynamics Research of Maiping Tablets / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the pharmacological function about anti-clotting, lipid-reducing and anti-hypoxia of Maiping Tablets. Methods The experimental thrombus model of rats was made to observing anti-clotting function of Maiping Tablets. The high blood lipid syndrome model of rats was made to observing lipid-lowering function of Maiping Tablets. The mice anti-hypoxia experiment was taken to observing the function of hypoxia tolerance. Results Maiping Tablets could prolong clotting time, significantly decrease serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase the viability of laboratory mice under ordinary pressure. Conclusion Maiping Tablets has good effect of anticoagulation, lipid-reducing and anti-hypoxia.

Contrast on the Effects of Two Kinds of Craft Prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid on Antihypoxia and Immunoregulation in Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To contrast the effects of anti-hypoxia and immunoregulation of two kinds of craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid. Method Mice were divided randomly into 7 groups:control group and two preparation craft Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid (6, 3, 1.5 g/kg). The animals were intragastric administration with drugs for 14 d. The dead time, carbon clearance rate and index of thymus and spleen in each groups were observed and measured. Results Compared with the control group, two craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid significantly prolonged survival time and increased mono-macrophage capability of carbon clearance (P

Experiment Study of Folium Bambusae Extraot Against Hypoxia / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective This study evaluates the Anti- hypoxic effect of Fo li um Bambusae extract (FBE). Methods The survival time of mice under the conditi on of closed normobaric hypoxia, and those subjected to KCN, NaNO2 and lidoc aine poisoning, and the time of electrocardiograph disappearance after occlusio n of trachea and the duration of continuous gasping in mice after decapitation were used to evaluate the Anti- hypoxic effect of FBE. Results FBE ( 22.5 m g/kg, 45.0 mg/kg, 90.0 mg/kg) prolonged the survival time of mice under the c ondition of closed normobaric hypoxia, prolonged the survival time in mice subj ected to KCN, NaNO2 and lidocaine poisoning and prolonged the time of electro cardiograph disappearance and the duration of gasping in decapitated mice. Conc lusion FBE can increase the anti- hypoxic effect of animals.