Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente en Chile: Propuestas para implementar la intervención psicosocial en Secciones Juveniles / Teenagers' Personal liability in Chile: proposals for conducting psychosocial intervention in Juvenile Sections / Responsabilidade penal adolescente no Chile: propostas para implementar a intervenção psicossocial em Secções Juvenis

Resumen El propósito del estudio que se expone es analizar las características del diseño y gestión de proyectos de intervención psicosocial implementados por entidades ejecutoras en las secciones juveniles de centros penitenciarios en el sur de Chile, proponiendo, a partir de la experiencia de los equipos que participan en estos programas, mecanismos para mejorar la intervención realizada con jóvenes infractores de ley. Participaron en el estudio 32 profesionales de cuatro equipos. Se emplearon, como técnicas de producción de datos, la entrevista grupal y la revisión documental (fichas de registro de intervenciones, proyectos, planificaciones, entre otros). Los resultados muestran la utilización de modelos, teorías y enfoques que son pertinentes según las directrices de gendarmería y la evidencia nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, se reconocen condiciones de operación de los proyectos que tensionan y limitan el alcance del trabajo desarrollado con los jóvenes, entre estas limitaciones se destaca la falta de continuidad del trabajo dado el financiamiento sujeto a licitaciones que ocurren anualmente y que impiden la estabilidad laboral de los equipos. Las personas entrevistadas, plantean un conjunto de propuestas para mejorar la intervención con los jóvenes entre ellas se cuenta: la formación especializada del equipo psicosocial interventor incluyendo al personal de gendarmería que tiene contacto permanente con los jóvenes; Mejorar el trabajo directo con los jóvenes incorporando el enfoque psicoeducativo de origen canadiense para estructurar coherentemente intervenciones en el cotidiano de las secciones juveniles; Incorporar un enfoque de intervención diferenciada considerando las trayectorias delictivas de los jóvenes; y finalmente se subraya la necesidad de profundizar el componente de inclusión sociocomunitaria en las intervenciones.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the design and management characteristics of psychosocial intervention projects which are conducted by executing entities in juvenile sections of prisons in the Southern Chile, stating mechanisms to improve the intervention developed with young lawbreakers starting from the experience of the programs participating teams. 32 professionals of four teams took part in this study. Data production, group interviews and documents review techniques were implemented (intervention record files, projects, planning, among others). The results show models, theories and approaches utilization that are relevant according to gendarmerie directions and national and international evidence. However, projects operation conditions are recognized, which tense and limit the work scope developed with young people. The lack of continuity in the work is highlighted as one of these limitations, since the financing conditioned on tenders that happen yearly and that obstruct the teams' job stability. The interviewees state a set of proposals for improving interventions with young people; among those interventions are: a specialized training of the intervener psychosocial team, including the gendarmerie staff which are in permanent touch with young people; to improve the direct work with young people by incorporating the Canadian original psychological-educational approach to structure in a coherent way interventions of the juvenile sections on daily basis, incorporating a differentiated intervention focus, considering young people crime trajectories, and finally, it underlines the necessity of deepening the social-communitary inclusion component in the interventions.

Resumo O propósito do estudo que se expõe é analisar as características do desenho e da gestão de projetos de intervenção psicossocial implementados por entidades executoras nas secções juvenis de centros penitenciários no sul do Chile, propondo, a partir da experiência das equipes que participam nesses programas, mecanismos para melhorar a intervenção feita com jovens infratores da lei. No estudo participaram 32 profissionais de quatro equipes. Se utilizaram, como técnicas de geração de dados, a entrevista grupal e a revisão documental (fichas de registro de intervenções, projetos, planejamentos, entre outros). Os resultados mostram a utilização de modelos, teorias e abordagens que são pertinentes, segundo as diretrizes de gendarmaria e a evidencia nacional e internacional. Não obstante, se reconhecem condições de operação dos projetos que tensionam e limitam o alcance do trabalho desenvolvido com os jovens, dentre dessas limitantes se destaca a falta de continuidade do trabalho, dado o financiamento sujeito a licitações que ocorrem anualmente e que impedem a estabilidade laboral das equipes. As pessoas entrevistadas levantam um conjunto de propostas para melhorar a intervenção com os jovens; dentre dessas contam-se: a formação especializada da equipe psicossocial interventora, incluindo o pessoal da gendarmaria que tem contato permanente com os jovens, melhorar o trabalho direto com os jovens, incorporando a abordagem psicoeducativa de origem canadense para estruturar de forma coerente intervenções no cotidiano das secções juvenis; incorporar a abordagem de intervenção diferenciada, considerando as trajetórias delitivas dos jovens, e finalmente, se sublinha a necessidade de aprofundar no componente de inclusão sociocomunitária nas intervenções.

The Relationship between the Sport Moral Disengagement and the Pro-social and Anti-social Behavior in Competition of Group Events: The Meditation of Moral Identity / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To verify the mediating effect of the moral identity on the relationship between sport moral disengagement and pro-social and anti-social behaviors in competition.Methods Two hundreds and sixty-seven athletes of group events(including 173 males,94 females,with an average age of 22.40,SD=2.75)were selected and investigated using the sport moral disengagement scale,moral identity scale and the scale of pro-social and anti-social behavior in competition.Results (1) The sport moral disengagement had significant influence on the athletes'pro-social and anti-social behaviors in competition.(2)The moral identity has significant positive influence on the athletes' pro-social behavior in competition,but significant negative influence on the athletes' anti-social behavior in competition.(3)The moral identity has significant mediating effect on the relationship between sport moral disengagement and pro-social behavior in competition.Conclusion The moral disengagement in sport has important influence on the athletes' pro-social and anti-social behavior in competition.The moral identity has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between sport moral disengagement and pro-social behaviors in competition.

Relación entre supervisión parental y conducta antisocial en menores infractores del Estado de Morelos / Relationship between parent supervision and anti-social behavior in juvenile offenders from the state of Morelos

Resumen: INTRODUCCIÓN: La supervisión parental comprende: cuidado de los hijos, conocimiento de su paradero y actividades y adaptación. Para que ésta se dé es necesario que exista comunicación y apoyo entre padres e hijos, de manera que el ambiente familiar sea agradable. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado que la inconsistencia o ausencia de ésta es un factor de riesgo de la conducta antisocial y, en casos más graves, de delincuencia en los hijos. OBJETIVO: Conocer cuál es la relación que existe entre el ambiente familiar, la supervisión parental y la gravedad de la conducta antisocial en menores infractores. MÉTODO: La población estuvo conformada por menores infractores de un Centro Tutelar del Estado de Morelos. El instrumento se aplicó a 86 hombres. RESULTADOS: La comunicación del hijo fue un predictor de: 1. el manejo de reglas y conocimiento de pares, y 2. el conocimiento de las actividades del hijo. Esto último es lo que predice de manera significativa la gravedad de la conducta antisocial. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: De acuerdo con los hallazgos, es importante que exista un ambiente familiar basado en la comunicación y el apoyo, que fomente una comunicación más libre de los adolescentes con sus padres, de manera que la supervisión parental se consiga más fácilmente. Esto ayudará para que los jóvenes no se involucren en comportamientos que los puedan llevar a delinquir.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Parental supervision is constituted by a series of correlated parental behaviors involving children care, knowing their where abouts, which activities they are performing, and the situation of their adaptive processes. In order for parental supervision to take place, it is necessary that communication and mutual support exist between mother and father, as well as between parents and children so that the family environment becomes pleasant. Supervision is one of the most studied factors related to anti-social behavior, and it has been observed that its absence or inconsistency allows for the occurrence of anti-social behavior, which in the more serious cases leads to delinquency. OBJECTIVE: To know the relationship between family environment, supervision and the seriousness of anti-social behavior in juvenile offenders confined in a state penitentiary from Morelos. METHOD: A survey was used to collect data from a population of 86 juvenile male offenders from a state penitentiary located in Morelos. RESULTS: Parent-children communication and support are interrelated and form the familiar environment. Thus, children's communication predicts proper supervision and monitoring, specifically in the area of knowing children's activities, which, at the same time, predict less serious anti-social behavior. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is important that families have an environment based on communication and support. It is also relevant to encourage adolescents to freely communicate with their parents so supervision and monitoring become common elements that help adolescents to stay away from behaviors that could lead them to crime.

Personalidade e psicopatia: implicações diagnósticas na infância e adolescência / Personality and psychopathy: diagnostic implications in childhood and adolescence

Este artigo de revisão de literatura examinou o construto da psicopatia associado ao desenvolvimento da personalidade em crianças e adolescentes, privilegiando as questões diagnósticas incipientes. Observou-se que a busca de uma terminologia mais apropriada para descrever as manifestações desviantes precoces, a construção e utilização de instrumentos de avaliação dirigidos à psicopatia em jovens, bem como a estabilidade dos sintomas ao longo do desenvolvimento, têm sido preocupações recorrentes nas pesquisas atuais. Pode-se afirmar que a presença de traços de psicopatia na infância e adolescência ainda suscita questionamentos, demandando por estudos empíricos que explorem aspectos evolutivos e a etiologia multifatorial do construto, preferencialmente, dentro da concepção geral dos transtornos de personalidade.

This literature review article examined the psychopathy construct associated to the development of personality in children and adolescents focusing on the incipient diagnostic issues. It was observed that the search for a more appropriate terminology for describing the early deviant manifestations, the building and using of instruments of evaluation directed to psychopathy in youngsters as well as the stability of the symptoms during growth have been recurrent issues in current researches. It can be affirmed that the presence of psychopathy traits in childhood and adolescence still raises doubts, requiring empirical studies which explore the evolutive aspects and the multifactorial etiology, preferentially within the general conception of personality disorders.

Preferência musical, atitudes e comportamentos anti-sociais entre estudantes adolescentes: um estudo correlacional / Music preference, attitudes and antisocial behaviors among adolescent students: a correlational study

Considerando que a preferência musical é pouco estudada para compreensão do comportamento anti-social, pretenderam-se conhecer as relações que esse construto guarda com os comportamentos desviantes, tendo em conta também as atitudes frente ao uso de maconha. Contou-se com uma amostra de 548 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas (46,4 por cento) e privadas (53,6 por cento), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (54,9 por cento). Os participantes responderam à Escala de Preferência Musical, Escala de Atitudes frente ao Uso de Maconha e Escala de Condutas Anti-sociais e Delitivas, além de perguntas de caráter sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que a preferência por estilos musicais anticonvencionais (heavy metal e rap) se correlacionou diretamente com as atitudes favoráveis frente ao uso de maconha e com os comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos. Por outro lado, a preferência pelos estilos convencionais (pop music e música religiosa) apresentou um padrão de correlação inverso com essas variáveis. Foram observadas diferenças na preferência musical, nas atitudes frente ao uso de maconha e nos comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos em função do sexo, tendo as mulheres se ajustado mais aos padrões convencionais vigentes. Esses resultados são consistentes com os previamente publicados. Conclui-se, todavia, que existe ainda um longo caminho a se explorar para que se possa oferecer uma explicação definitiva sobre a influência das preferências musicais.

As there are not many studies about musical preferences as an antisocial behavior understanding method , this study aimed to raise possible relation among this construct and deviant behaviors, considering also the attitudes toward marijuana use. This sample was composed by 548 high school students from public (46.4 percent) and private (53.6 percent) schools, most of them female (54.9 percent). They had answered the Musical Preference Scale, Attitudes toward Marijuana Use Scale and Antisocial and Deviant Behaviors Scale, besides demographic questions Results have indicated that the preference for unconventional musical styles (heavy metal, rap) was directly correlated to attitudes favorable toward marijuana use and antisocial and deviant behaviors. On the other hand, the conventional styles preference (pop music, gospel music) showed an inverse correlation pattern with these variables. Differences were observed in the musical preference, attitudes toward marijuana use, and antisocial and deviant behaviors according to sex, in which women are more adjusted to the conventional patterns. These findings are consistent, compared to the previous published ones. Nevertheless, there is a long path to follow for a definitive explanation about musical preference influence.