Probiotic Bacteriotherapy and Its Oral Health Perspective.

As health professionals, we prescribe wide range of chemotherapeutics to the patients to control or to prevent the disease. When there is excessive use of antibiotics, it leads to imbalance between the beneficial and harmful microorganisms, making our body more susceptible to infections. Probiotics are living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. They are living microorganisms added to food which beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Intestine’s microbial colonization is determined by the maternal intestinal flora and surroundings. Oral cavity is a complex ecosystem which has rich and diverse microbiota. The change in environment may be due to illness, debility, behaviour, diet or medications. So, an obvious fact is that changes in this ecology may give rise to dental diseases. A slight change in environment promotes the potential pathogens gain competitive advantage under appropriate conditions. Then, the pathogens increase in great numbers to predispose a site to disease. In order to cure the disease, probiotic approach, may be used. In probiotic method, whole bacteria replacement therapy is given which may be very effective in eliminating the dangerous pathogens from the oral cavity. Different probiotics are provided in products such as in medicines, beverages, milk-based foods, dietary supplements, etc. This review highlights the effectiveness of probiotics in improving the oral health.

Anticariogenic properties of Solanum ferox L. ethanol extract

@#Solanum ferox L. is a plant species which belongs to the Solanaceae family and the genus Solanum. The Solanum genus was found to exhibit anticariogenic activity and was traditionally used to treat oral diseases. However, there is no scientific study done specifically for Solanum ferox L. Hence the aim of the study is to determine the anticariogenic properties of flesh and leaf of ethanolic extract of Solanum ferox L. Alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins were detected in the leaf ethanolic extract via preliminary phytochemical screening. The presence of these phytochemicals may contribute to the anticariogenic activity. Treatment with different concentrations of flesh and leaf of ethanolic extract were used against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus via the method of agar well diffusion to indicate zones of inhibition. The antibiofilm activity of the flesh and leaf ethanolic extracts was tested. The flesh and leaf ethanolic extracts possess antimicrobial activity dose-dependently and positive antibiofilm activity against respective pathogens. The flesh ethanolic extract has stronger anticariogenic activity compared to leaf ethanolic extract against respective pathogens. Streptococcus pyogenes exhibited higher susceptibility as compared to Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, it has been shown that the ethanolic extract of Solanum ferox L. exhibit anticariogenic properties against Streptococus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and xylitol chewing gums on salivary pH, buffer capacity, and Streptococcus mutans levels: An interventional study

The aim of the study is to compare the anticariogenic effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and xylitol chewing gums based on salivary pH, buffer capacity, and Streptococcus mutans levels. Materials and Methods: A group of twenty individuals in the age group of 18–25 years were randomly divided into two Groups A and B. Test arm A received xylitol gums and test arm B received CPP-ACP gums and they were instructed to use the gums thrice daily for 2 weeks. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected before they began the use of the gums for baseline values, 24 h after beginning the usage of chewing gums and at the end of 14 days. The samples were analyzed for pH, buffer capacity, and S. mutans levels. Results: A statistically significant reduction of salivary S. mutans levels, improvement in salivary pH, and buffer capacity were displayed in both groups 24 h and 14 days after the intervention when compared with baseline. Group B showed more statistically significant improvement in pH than group A after 24 h (P = 0.028) and at the end of 2 weeks (P = 0.041). Conclusion: CPP-ACP has better ability than xylitol in improving the pH of saliva. Both CPP-ACP and xylitol gums individually have remarkable ability in bringing down S. mutans levels while simultaneously improving the pH and buffer of saliva.

The effect of Propolis and Xylitol chewing gums on salivary Streptococcus mutans count: A clinical trial.

Background: Streptococcus mutans is one of the most common cariogenic microorganisms. Use of natural anticariogenic agents, such as Xylitol has been well‑established in the literature. On the other hand, there is a scarcity of studies that have reported the antimicrobial potential of Propolis as an anticariogenic chewing agent; hence, the present study was designed. Aims: To evaluate and compare the anticariogenic action of two commercial chewing gums Propolis and Xylitol on the salivary S. mutans count in a group of children from Bengaluru city. Settings and Design: Clinical setting and experimental design. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy children aged 8–11 years with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft)/DMFT index score ≥3 were included in the study. Before the test, unstimulated saliva was collected. Children divided into Group I and II were given Propolis and Xylitol chewing gums respectively; to chew for 15 min. Saliva samples were then collected at 15 min (just after spitting) and after 1 h. The amount of S. mutans in saliva was evaluated using a selective media (MSAB). In addition, compliance of the two chewing gums among the children was tested with a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Student’s t‑test. Results: Six samples out of 30 were excluded due to no growth. The total number of bacterial colonies was significantly reduced when compared to baseline in both the groups. Propolis gum showed statistically significant reduction in the number of colonies as compared to Xylitol. Xylitol gum was more preferred than Propolis gum by the children. Conclusions: Propolis chewing gum can be used as an anticariogenic agent in children.

Development of anticariogenic composite resin / 대한치과보존학회지

Due to the improvement of the composite resin and esthetic desire of the patient, amalgam restoration has been replaced by composite resin. However, still there are many unsolved problems, for example, technique sensitivity, polymerization shrinkage stress and limited mechanical properties. These factors results in fracture of the restoration and secondary caries of the tooth. Also the use of the dental bonding system should be used for the retention of the restoration. In this paper, I want to talk about the present and the future of the remineralizing component released from dental composite resin to overcome the secondary caries and there possibility in the clinical use.

Anticariogenci effect of compomer and RMGIC / 대한치과보존학회지

The first purpose of present study was to compare the anticariogenic effect of compomer, resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite (RMGIC). The second purpose was to evaluate the recently introduced methods, which use confocal scanning microscope, in detecting initial caries around restoration. 2x4x1.5mm cavities were prepared from the recently extracted 50 human teeth on the buccal or lingual surface. The prepared teeth were randomly devided into 5 groups and restored with each filling material. Group 1: Dyract AP, Group 2: compoglass F, Group 3: F2000, Group 4: Z100, Group 5:Fuji II LC. The teeth were stored for 30 days in the distilled water, then stored in the buffer solution for artificial caries development; pH 4.3, lactic acid 100 mM, calcium 16 mM, phosphate 8mM, sodium azide 3mM. Then, the samples were sectioned longitudinally and examined with confical scanning microscope. The results showed that the use of compomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement showed caries inhibition zone whereas the composite did not. There was no difference in the width of caries inhibition zone between compomers and RMGIC. The confocal scanning microscope was useful in detecting initial caries around restoration.