ABSTRACT
With a deepened understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of thoracic malignancies, the treatment has been transited from traditional treatment on the basis of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy to individualized and precise targeted therapy and immunotherapy. As an antitumor immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor gene-modified T (CAR-T) cells have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of hematological malignancies in five CAR-T products. They have also achieved good therapeutic effects in solid tumors. However, significant challenges remain in the clinical application of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in thoracic malignancies. In this review, the latest research progress of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in the treatment of thoracic malignancies were summarized, including the basic characteristics of CAR-T cells, the popular target antigens, and the existing problems and challenges, to provide new ideas and strategies for clinical immunotherapy of thoracic malignancies.
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. China is known as "the country with the highest prevalence of liver cancer", and more than half of the cases of HCC worldwide occur in China. Recently, immunotherapy for HCC has drawn wide attention owing to its satisfying effects on specific solid malignancies. Both basic and clinical researches on immunotherapy for HCC have made some progress, which has laid a foundation for future clinical application of immunotherapy in HCC patients. The main immunological strategies for HCC include adoptive immunotherapy, indirect immunotherapy, and indirect non-immunological therapy. Despite the potential benefits for HCC, challenges and obstacles of immunotherapy remain, such as the self-tolerance immune mechanism of the liver and the lack of ideal target antigen. In a word, the application of immunotherapy for HCC in clinical practice is a tough task to accomplish and a long way to go.
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.China is known as the country with the highest prevalence of liver cancer,and more than half of the cases of HCC worldwide occur in China.Recently,immunotherapy for HCC has drawn wide attention owing to its satisfying effects on specific solid malignancies.Both basic and clinical researches on immunotherapy for HCC have made some progress,which has laid a foundation for future clinical application of immunotherapy in HCC patients.The main immunological strategies for HCC include adoptive immunotherapy,indirect immunotherapy,and indirect non-immunological therapy.Despite the potential benefits for HCC,challenges and obstacles of immunotherapy remain,such as the self-tolerance immune mechanism of the liver and the lack of ideal target antigen.In a word,the application of immunotherapy for HCC in clinical practice is a tough task to accomplish and a long way to go.