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Background: Gugulipid obtained from Commiphora mukul carries a long history of safe and efficacious use in hyperlipidemia as per Ayurvedic literature. Statins like atorvastatin are a highly prescribed hypolipidemic drug but not free from potentially serious adverse effects. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to establish antihyperlipidemic activity of gugulipid in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats in comparison to atorvastatin and simultaneously to explore the combination of gugulipid and atorvastatin for any synergistic activity. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (20) were divided equally into vehicle (2% gum acacia) (Group I), gugulipid only 6.75 mg/kgbw (Group II), atorvastatin 7.2 mg/kgbw only (Group III), and gugulipid 6.75 mg/kgbw and atorvastatin in 7.2 mg/kgbw combination (Group IV) in Phase 1 study. In Phase 2, additional three groups were created with five rats in each receiving gugulipid 6.75 mg/kgbw with atorvastatin at 5.4 mg/kgbw, 3.6 mg/kgbw, and 1.8 mg/kgbw dosage, respectively (Groups V–VII). Hyperlipidemia was induced by single intraperitoneal injection (400 mg/kgbw) of triton after 7 days of feeding with respective agents dissolved in vehicle through oral route. Results: Regarding total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Gr II was found superior to Gr I but inferior to others (P < 0.01). Gr IV prevented the rise of TC and TG significantly in comparison to Gr V, VI, and VII (P < 0.01) whereas Groups V and VI having non-significant difference in between, both differed significantly (P < 0.01) with Gr VII. Groups IV, V, and VI prevented the rise of serum LDL significantly (P < 0.01) from Group VII. Conclusion: Gugulipid showed significant antihyperlipidemic activity and was found to be optimally efficacious and safe in combination with even reduced dose of atorvastatin.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Methods: The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-two male mice were used. The mice were divided into six groups: normal control, high-fat diet control, simvastatin treatment (20 mg/kg BW/day), and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW/day) treatment groups. Food intake, body weight, serum parameters, lipid profile, and histopathological lesions of the kidney, liver, and epididymal fat were observed. Results: LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract: luteolin, apigenin, baicalein, and oroxylin A. Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract. Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P<0.05), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group. Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver. Conclusions: Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice, and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract, both flavonoids and volatile oils, should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
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Standardization of polyherbal formulations with respect to bioactive phytocompounds is the need of the time for registration and marketing authorization in developed countries. This has prompted to prepare and evaluate a standardized bioactive phyotcompounds conintaining formulation. The study aims at development and screening of a standardized antidiabetic suspension containing active isolated phytoconstituents targeting better therapeutic effect with reduced bioburden. Suspension of isolated gymnemic acid and curcumin (GCS) was prepared, evaluated and authenticated by TLC and HPTLC. Antidiabetic efficacy of GCS was screened against alloxan induced diabetes on rats following 28 days of treatment comparative to Hyponidd tablet and Madhumehari granules. Body weight, relative organ weight, blood glucose, cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level was measured. The formulation having pH 6.0, refractive index 1.41 and 45.58 mg/ml total solid content showed high alcohol and water soluble extractive value. The GCS treatment normalized liver and kidney weight, decreased body weight gain, TC, TG, LDL and VLDL level along with an increase in HDL level. Study outcome signifies similar antidiabetic potential of standardized formulation GCS compared to marketed Polyherbal formulation with antihyperlipidemic activity signifying as a promising natural and safe remedy for the prevention of diabetic complications.
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Aim: The study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic potentials of methanol extracts of Piper guineense and Aframomum melegueta leaves with a view to utilizing the plants in the treatment and management of cardiovascular disorders. Methodology: Twenty-eight healthy albino rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups: Group I received normal saline (2 ml/kg bwt); Group II received a single dose of alloxan(150 mg/kg bwt) intraperitoneally; Group III received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bwt);Group IV received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) +PG (200 mg/kg bwt); Group V received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + PG (400 mg/kg bwt); Group VI received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + AM 200 (mg/kg bwt); Group VII received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + AM (400 mg/kg bwt). The blood glucose level was determined before and after treatment with the extracts. The lipid: (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were estimated using the Randox diagnostic kits. Results: The results revealed that alloxan was able to induce hyperglycemia at 150 mg/kg bwt and post-treatment with P. guineense and A. melegueta at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/ kg bwt were able to significantly lower the blood glucose level which was quite apparent in AM treated groups. Also, the extracts at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to bring a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TC, TG and LDL concentrations when compared to the alloxan treated group with the highest reduction in AM treated groups. Conclusion: These results revealed that the methanol extract of P. guineense and A. melegueta elicited anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic potentials of the extracts with the highest effect observed in A. melegueta treated rats.
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Objective: To elucidate the in vivo hypoglycemic capability, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) leaves extracts and bioactive fraction. Methods: The various solvent extracts of Pereskia bleo were investigated for the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities using a relevant in vivo normal rat model and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model with glibenclamide and metformin utilized as positive controls. The effects of the most potent extract and its bioactive fraction on the insulin level, lipid profile and body weight of the diabetic rats were also analyzed. Results: All the extracts showed no hypoglycemic effect while petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts demonstrated significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood sugar level in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Aqueous extract and aqueous fraction significantly (P<0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as early as day 6 compared to the diabetic control as well as significantly restored the serum insulin of diabetic rats. Moreover, the aqueous extract and aqueous fraction disclosed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. An elevation in high-density lipoprotein as well as improved body weight loss of the diabetic rats were also observed. Conclusions: In summary, Pereskia bleo appears effective in the management of diabetes and correlated impairments arising from high blood sugar level. Further studies will possibly bring about the discovery of effective and secure plant derived antidiabetic drugs.
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Objective: To elucidate the in vivo hypoglycemic capability, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) leaves extracts and bioactive fraction. Methods: The various solvent extracts of Pereskia bleo were investigated for the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities using a relevant in vivo normal rat model and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model with glibenclamide and metformin utilized as positive controls. The effects of the most potent extract and its bioactive fraction on the insulin level, lipid profile and body weight of the diabetic rats were also analyzed. Results: All the extracts showed no hypoglycemic effect while petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extracts demonstrated significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood sugar level in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Aqueous extract and aqueous fraction significantly (P<0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as early as day 6 compared to the diabetic control as well as significantly restored the serum insulin of diabetic rats. Moreover, the aqueous extract and aqueous fraction disclosed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. An elevation in high-density lipoprotein as well as improved body weight loss of the diabetic rats were also observed. Conclusions: In summary, Pereskia bleo appears effective in the management of diabetes and correlated impairments arising from high blood sugar level. Further studies will possibly bring about the discovery of effective and secure plant derived antidiabetic drugs.
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The current study evaluated antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Sigesbeckia orientalis L. (St. Paul's Wort) (AESO) in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Following OECD guidelines safe doses of AESO were assessed in rats for the main study. Serum/bood glucose, α-amylase, and lipids levels and histopathological evaluations were conducted to assess antidiabetic and associated antihyperlipidemic efficacies of AESO. AESO was found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glucose and lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins) levels was observed in AESO treatment groups. Serum α-amylase, high-density lipoproteins, and total body weight was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats treated with AESO. Histopathological data showed improvement in hepatocyte and pancreatic β-cells islets architecture. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid in AESO which are suggested to be responsible for observed antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic attributes. Further studies to standardise the extract and evaluation of safety profile in long-term toxicity studies are recommended for safe and effective antidiabetic nutraceuticals development.
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This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of M. fulvumon streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar rats. The oxidative damage in the blood, liver, pancreas and kidney cells, hepatic enzyme activities and lipid profile of the Wistar rats were also ascertained. Rats were exposed to STZ alone at 160 mg/kg body weight for one week to induced hyperglycemia before treatment with M. fulvumat 83 and 113 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Results showed significant elevation in the levels of blood glucose level, amylase activity, serum lipid profile and serum renal markers (total protein, urea and creatinine) in the hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats showed significantly (p < 0.05) reduced antioxidant status (reduced levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as decreased in reduced glutathione and increased level of malondialdehide). M. fulvumwas able to demonstrate marked hypoglycemic effect and ameliorate the above mentioned biochemical markers. Streptozotocin-induced rats had significant histopathological damages found in the pancreas when compared with the control. The present study shows that M. fulvum possesses significant hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats due to its ability to effectively reduceor ameliorate the increase in blood glucose levels, lipid profile and oxidative damages
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Background: Diabetes is associated with damage to the liver, pancreas and kidney. The damage may vary among patients. This study assessed the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of leaves ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Pupalia lappaceae in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats.Methods: There were Fifty four rats divided into nine groups containing six rats each. Group 1 consists of normal rats that were given only normal saline and served as a control group. Group 2 consists of normal rats that were given alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg b.w). Group 3 consists alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution. glibenclamide+simvastatin (5mg/kg) Group 4 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, AEPL extract (100mg/kg). Group 5 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract AEPL (200mg/kg). Group 6 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract AEPL (400mg/kg) Group 7 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (100mg/kg), Group 8 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (200mg/kg) Group 9 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (400mg/kg respectively for 21days by an intragastric tube with free access of food and water.Results: Chemical composition of the plant was estimated by GCMS technique several biochemical parameters were assessed. Oral administration of the extract resulted in significant reduction in mean values of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol ratio, LDL, VLDL, accompanied by increase in the mean value of the HDL in diabetic rats and histopathology of liver, pancreas, and kidney showed significant changes.Conclusions: The effects produced were closely similar to standard antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic drug. It can thus be concluded that the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Pupalia lappaceae exhibit antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities in alloxan induced diabetes in rats.
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ABSTRACT Chemical profile analyses of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) edible parts (fleshy receptacle, inner bracts) as well as roots are compared with the commercially usable leaf extract using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS via chlorogenicacid as a marker. Overall polyphenolic constituents demonstrated by means of LC/MS profiling. The nutritional values and inulin contents of different assessed parts were investigated. The present study was designed to determine the effect of artichoke: leaves, bracts, receptacles and roots alcoholic extracts against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity and hyperlipidemia in rats by means of histopathological and biochemical parameters. Serum liver enzymes levels of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and lipid peroxidase content (malondialdehyde MDA) were estimated. Blood glutathione, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and high density lipid level were estimated in plasma. The ethanol extract of roots, leaves, bracts and receptacles were standardized to (0.82 ± 0.02, 1.6 ± 0.06, 2.02 ± 0.16 and 2.4 ± 0.27 mg chlorogenic acid/100 mg extract), respectively. The receptacle showed the highest content of polyphenols and exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis of inulin in the receptacles of globe artichoke revealed high content of inulin (41.47 mg/g) dry extract. All artichoke parts contain comparable vitamins and minerals. Artichokes receptacles extract when taken in dose of (500 mg/kg/day) reduce the lesion caused by CCl4 alone more than groups receiving silymarin. Bracts and leaves extract exert nearly the same effect.
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To study the effect of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum on mRNA and protein expressions of blood lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice. The mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the blank control group, the hyperlipidemia model group, the simvastatin group, and low, middle and high-dose PSP groups (200, 400, 800 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹). Each group of the mice was administrated intragastrically for 14 days, respectively. Subsequently, every group of mice, except for the blank control group, was intraperitoneally injected with 75% fresh egg yolk emulsion for establishing the hyperlipidemic mice model. Upon completion of the administration, the contents of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in serum of each group were investigated in details. In particular, the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α, PPAR-, PPAR-, SREBP-1c, IL-6 and TNF-α of the liver tissues were detected by Real-time PCR, and the protein expression levels (including PPAR-α, PPAR-, PPAR-, SREBP-1c, IL-6, TNF-α) were examined by Western blot. Consequently, the obtained results showed that the contents of the serum TC, TG, LDL-C of low, middle and high-dose PSP groups significantly decreased compared with those of the hyperlipidemia model group. Simultaneously, there were significant differences between middle-dose and high-dose PSP groups (<0.01). In striking contrast, the contents of serum HDL-C of low, middle and high-dose PSP groups significantly increased, while obvious differences were also observed between middle-dose and high-dose PSP groups (<0.01). Moreover, middle-dose and high-dose PSR groups could up-regulate the protein and mRNA expressions of PPAR-α, PPAR- (<0.05) compared with those of the hyperlipidemia model group, and down-regulate the expressions of PPAR-,SREBP-1c, IL-6 and TNF-α(<0.05) compared with those of liver tissues of the hyperlipidemia model group. In conclusion, all of the above results suggested that PSP could inhibit the oxidation of the liver lipid, and regulate the expression levels of the corresponding genes and proteins relating to the lipid metabolism, so as to play a critical role for preventing hyperlipidemia.
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OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, for which there is no known cure except in a very specific situation. The available orthodox drugs used for its management are having disadvantages. This study investigated the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Strophanthus hispidus(SH)stem bark in Wistar rats.METHODS Glucose concentrations,serum α-amylase and lipid profile parameters of normal and diabetic rats were monitored for 12 weeks.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg·kg-1). 30 Male rats were randomly selected into six groups of five rats per group. Two groups served as normal and diabetic controls, respectively, and received distilled water for 12 weeks. Another two groups (normal rats) were treated orally with the aid of a gavage,250 mg·kg-1of aqueous and ethanol extracts of SH respectively for 12 weeks whereas the other two groups(diabetic rats)received the respective dose of aqueous and ethanol extracts for the same period. RESULTS The results revealed significant (P<0.05) progressive decrease in the fasting blood glucose concentration on the 2nd-12thweeks in normal rats, whereas the diabetic treated rats,showed reduction(P<0.05)in the fasting blood glucose concentration on the 4th-12thweeks.Total cholesterol,LDL and TG levels were lowered significantly(P<0.05)by the extracts in normal and diabetic treated rats, whereas HDL levels (17.6±0.50) mg·dL-1(aqueous) and (21.4±1.28) mg·dL-1(ethanol) were elevated in diabetic treated rats.The activity of serum α-amylase was also elevated by the extract in diabetic treated rats. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that SH showed hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activities. These findings may be connected with the presence and amount of phytochemicals in the plant.
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ABSTRACT The present study investigates the effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicumon) powder supplementation on glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats via a single subcutaneous alloxan injection (15 mg/kg). Cinnamon powder was mixed with the standard feed of the rats in an amount of 5% for 28 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were assayed at the end of the experimental period in all investigated groups. Anti-oxidative enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were sought in the serum and pancreas. Alloxan caused the fasting blood sugar level to increase. The administration of cinnamon blocked the increase of blood glucose. There was also a significant difference in the TG and TC levels between control and treated diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, cinnamon treatment restored the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx. These findings suggested that cinnamon has an anti-hyperglycemic effect, improves lipid profiles, and protect against damage induced by oxidative stress in the diabetic state.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Plant Extracts/analysis , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
The present study aimed at exploring the therapeutic potential of standard extract of Bombax ceiba L. leaves (BCE) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Oral administration of BCE at doses of 70, 140, and 280 mg·kg, to the normal rats and the high-fat-diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats were carried out. Effects of BCE on blood glucose, body weight, and a range of serum biochemical parameters were tested, and histopathological observation of pancreatic tissues was also performed. HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS/MS analysis indicated that the chemical composition of BCE mainly contained mangiferin, isoorientin, vitexin, isomangiferin, isovitexin, quercetin hexoside, 2'-trans-O-cumaroyl mangiferin, and nigricanside. BCE caused a significant decrease in the concentrations of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum insulin, and malondialdehyde, and increases in oral glucose tolerance, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and superoxide dismutase in the T2DM model rats. Moreover, considerable pancreatic β-cells protection effect and stimulation of insulin secretion from the remaining pancreatic β-cells could be observed after BCE treatment. The results indicated that BCE exhibited an excellent hypoglycemic activity, and alleviated dyslipidemia which is associated with T2DM. Antioxidant activity and protecting pancreatic β-cells are the possible mechanisms involved in anti-diabetic activity of BCE.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Antioxidants , Chemistry , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Bombax , Chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents , Chemistry , Hypolipidemic Agents , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae, are traditionally used to treat dyspepsia. This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of C. scolymus in rat's model. Hypercholesterolemic rats (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 days) were treated (0.5 ml/200 g) with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) or simvastatin (4 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) once per day for 30 days along with hypercaloric diet. A control group (C) was given water (0.5 ml/200 g; n = 6). A high-cholesterol diet was maintained throughout the treatment period. Rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) and simvastatin showed significant decreases in serum levels of total cholesterol (−46.9%, −51.9%, −44%, and −41.9%, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C; −52.1%, −54.8%, −51.9%, and −46.7%, respectively), compared with group C (p < 0.005). Biochemical analyses revealed significant decrease in the concentration of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein, oxidized-LDL, and antioxidized-LDL in rats treated with extract of C. scolymus (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg). There were no differences in serum ALT enzyme activity between the groups. Our results suggest that hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects could be related with the presence of polar substances present in aqueous extract of C. scolymus.
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Marine biosphere is the largest one of the earth and harbors an enormous number of different organisms. Living conditions differ fundamentally from those in terrestrial environment. The production of specific secondary metabolites is an important adaption mechanism of marine organisms to survive in the sea. These metabolites possess biological activities which make them interesting as possible drugs for human. The review presents sources, chemistry, production and pharmacology of FDA approved marine derived pharmaceuticals arranged according to their therapeutic indication. Four of the presently seven approved drugs are used for the treatment of cancer. Each another one is applicated for treatment of viral diseases, chronic pain and to lower triglyceride level in blood. Some other products are of interest in diagnostic and as experimental tools. Besides, this article describes challenges in drug development from marine sources, especially the supply problem.
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Humans , Aquatic Organisms , Chemistry , Chronic Pain , Cytostatic Agents , Pharmacology , Social Conditions , Triglycerides , Virus DiseasesABSTRACT
AbstractSolidago chilensis Meyen, Asteraceae, is traditionally used to treat inflammation. However, phytochemical and pharmacology investigations are lacking. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract from S. chilensis aerial parts in rats. In oral glucose tolerance tests the rats received saline (0.5 ml/100 g) in control group (C), hydroalcoholic extract (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.o.; n = 6). After 30 min, glucose (4 g/kg) was administered. Rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract 500 demonstrated decreased glucose levels at 180 min (-22.1%), when compared with group C, similar to glibenclamide. Moreover, treatment with hydroalcoholic extract 500 significantly increased the glycogen content in the liver and soleus muscle, and hydroalcoholic extract 250 specifically inhibited the enzyme maltase when compared with group C. Furthermore, all hyperglycemic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract (125, 250 and 500) exhibited an accentuated decrease in total cholesterol levels (-36.8%, -36.7% and -41.3%, respectively). Our results suggest that hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydroalcoholic extract could be associated with increased production and release of insulin as well as with insulinotropic and antioxidant effects.
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Abstract Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, Asteraceae, is a plant with hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties. S. rebaudiana (SrB) has become a lead candidate for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus. However, chronic administrations of S. rebaudiana are required to cause the normoglycemic effect. Importantly, nanomaterials in general and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in particular have become effective tools for drug delivery. In this work, we obtained TiO2 nanomaterials with SrB at different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µM) by sol–gel method. After this nanomaterials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Where it was demonstrated, the presence of the S. rebaudiana in TiO2 nanomaterials, which were observed as hemispherical agglomerated particles of different sizes. The nanomaterials were evaluated in male rats whose diabetes mellitus-phenotype was induced by alloxan (200 mg/kg, i.p.). The co-administration of TiO2-SrB (20 and 30 µM) induced a significant and permanent decrease in the glucose concentration since 4 h, until 30 days post-administration. Likewise, the concentrations of insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, and triacylglycerides showed a significant recovery to basal levels. The major finding of the study was that the TiO2-SrB (20 and 30 µM) has a potent and prolonged activity antidiabetic. TiO2 can be considered like an appropriated vehicle in the continuous freeing of active substances to treat of diabetes mellitus.
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Abstract Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Döefl., Fabaceae, has been widely used in the Iranian, Indian and Egyptian folk medicine as antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic remedy. Phenolic profiling of the ethanolic extract (90%) of the flowers of S. securidaca was performed via HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis in the positive and negative ion modes. The total polyphenols and flavonoids in the flowers were determined colorimetrically, and the quantification of their components was carried out using HPLC-UV. Total phenolics and flavonoids estimated as gallic acid and rutin equivalents were 82.39 ± 2.79 mg/g and 48.82 ± 1.95 mg/g of the dried powdered flowers, respectively. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis of the extract allowed the identification of 39 flavonoids and eight phenolic acids. Quantitative analysis of some flavonoids and phenolics (mg/100 g powdered flowers) revealed the presence of isoquercetrin (3340 ± 2.1), hesperidin (32.09 ± 2.28), naringin (197.3 ± 30.16), luteolin (10.247 ± 0.594), chlorogenic acid (84.22 ± 2.08), catechin (3.94 ± 0.57) and protocatechuic acid (34.4 ± 0.15), in the extract. Moreover, the acute toxicity, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the extract were investigated using alloxan induced diabetes in rats in a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bwt. The ethanolic extract was safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. All tested doses of the flower extract showed marked decrease in blood glucose level by 31.78%, 66.41% and 63.8% at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bwt, respectively, at p < 0.05. Regarding the anti-hyperlipidemic effect, a dose of 400 mg/kg of the flower extract showed the highest reduction in serum triacylglycerides and total cholesterol levels (68.46% and 51.50%, respectively at p < 0.05). The current study proved the folk use of the flowers of S. securidaca as anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic agent which could be attributed to its high phenolic content.