ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Cerca de un tercio de las partes comestibles de los alimentos para el consumo humano se pierden, siendo mermas asociadas a factores de toda la cadena de abastecimiento. Dentro de dichos alimentos, se destacan la fresa (Fragaria ananassa) y la mora (Rubus glaucus Benth), frutas que han demostrado alto poder antioxidante, siendo relacionado con la prevención o el tratamiento de enfermedades. Por consiguiente, con el propósito de evidenciar el potencial para la obtención de compuestos de interés en los subproductos del procesamiento de dichas frutas, el presente estudio, se enfocó en la caracterización de los parámetros fisicoquímicos, color, poder antioxidante y vitamina C, en cuatro condiciones de conservación, durante cuatro semanas; estas fueron: coproducto fresco, refrigerado, secado convencional y liofilización, siendo caracterizadas también por su contenido de minerales. A partir de los resultados, se evidenció baja concentración de sólidos solubles, pH variable, entre 3,2 y 6,4, así como parámetros de color estables, durante el almacenamiento. Adicionalmente, los coproductos con mayor poder antioxidante fueron la semilla de mora liofilizada y el lodo de mora por secado convencional, superando al residuo de fresa en cualquier condición, según los ensayos FRAP y DPPH, respectivamente; no obstante, todas las muestras presentaron bajos contenidos en vitamina C, mientras que se caracterizaron por su alto contenido en potasio y hierro. Por consiguiente, lo anterior, muestra el interés por la obtención de compuestos, como minerales y antioxidantes, a partir de los desechos de mora y de fresa, así como su uso en productos con alto valor agregado.
ABSTRACT Near of one third of the edible food that human being cultivate are loses, which are due to factors from the supply chain. Within these was highlighted strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth), fruits that have demonstrated high antioxidant potential to which is related with prevention of some diseases. Therefore, with the aim to show the processing by-products' potential in the obtaining of interesting compounds, this study was focused on the characterization of their physicochemical parameters, color, antioxidant power and vitamin C in four preservation conditions for four weeks; these were: fresh by-product, refrigerated, conventional drying and lyophilization; also, mineral description was made for each sample. According to the results, it was proved that the samples had a lower solid soluble concentration, pH between 3.2 and 6.4, and stable color parameters during the storage. In addition, by-products with greater antioxidant power were lyophilizate blackberry seed and conventional drying blackberry sludge, which surpassed the strawberry's results in all the conditions conforming to FRAP and DPPH essays. However, all the samples presented low content of vitamin C, while they exhibited high content of potassium and iron. To sum up, above mentioned woke the interest on the minerals or antioxidant obtention from blackberry and strawberry by-products to which can be used in products with high value added.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and, erythrocyte SOD ( superoxide dis-mutase) activity and serum antioxidant mineral ( Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se) concentrations of adolescents. Subjects were assigned to one of two groups such as obese ( BMI > or =25, 32 boys, 24 girls) and normal group ( 18.5 < BMI < 23, 27 boys, 30 girls) . Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age of the total subjects was 13.8 years. The mean weight ( p < 0.001) , BMI ( p < 0.001) and body fat ( p < 0.001) of obese were higher than those of normal group. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between obese and normal groups. SOD activity of obese group was not significantly different from normal groups, in both males and females. However, in the males, serum Cu concentration of obese were significantly lower than those of normal group. In the females, Serum Mn concentration of obese were significantly lower then those of normal group. In the correlation analysis, BMI of the subjects had significantly negative correlations with serum Cu, Zn and Mn. To su-mmarize the results, increase of obesity may lead to decrease of serum antioxidant minerals such as Cu, Zn and Mn.