ABSTRACT
Abstract Magnolia biondii Pamp is an important ornamental tree species widely grown and used as a rootstock in the propagation of different Magnolia varieties. In the current studies, anatomical, physiological and endogenous hormones were studied to check the effect of IBA 750 mg/L on the adventitious rooting and to provide theoretical and technical support for the propagation of Magnolia biondii Pamp through stem cuttings. Two thousand stem cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups i.e., IBA treated cuttings and water control. For the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones levels, samples were collected on the day of planting and each 5th day and further steps were carried out in the laboratory according to the protocols and proper precautions. For the anatomical observations, samples were collected on the 13th, 15th, and 17th day for IBA treated cuttings while 21st, 23rd, and 25th day for control. Collected samples were preserved in the FAA solution and further observations were carried out in the laboratory. Anatomical observations showed that it took 13 days for the differentiation of root primordia to the appearance of young adventitious roots in IBA treated cuttings, while it took 21 days to develop primordia in the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities involved in ROS were significantly higher in the IBA treated cuttings compared to control. POD showed a peak on the 13th day before the emergence of roots in IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 21st day in the control. PPO showed a peak on the 21st day in the IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 29th day in the control. SOD showed a peak on the 17th day in IBA treated cuttings, while it showed a peak on the 25th day in the control. Exogenous application of IBA enhanced the endogenous IAA and GA3 levels compared to CK, while it reduced the levels of ABA continuously at the time of rooting and then increased gradually. Inclusively, our study suggests that IBA 750 mg/L is efficient for the rooting of Magnolia biondii Pamp cuttings, as it enhanced the process of antioxidant enzyme activities, endogenous hormones levels and reduced the time of root formation which is evident from the anatomical observations.
Resumo Magnolia biondii Pamp é uma importante espécie de árvore ornamental muito cultivada e utilizada como porta-enxerto na propagação de diferentes variedades de Magnolia. Nos estudos atuais, hormônios anatômicos, fisiológicos e endógenos foram estudados para verificar o efeito do AIB na dose de 750 mg / L no enraizamento adventício e fornecer suporte teórico e técnico para a propagação de M. biondii Pamp por meio de estacas. Duas mil estacas foram preparadas e divididas em dois grupos, ou seja, tratadas com AIB e controle de água. Para a avaliação das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e dos níveis de hormônios endógenos, as amostras foram coletadas no dia do plantio e a cada 5 dias, enquanto as demais etapas foram realizadas em laboratório de acordo com os protocolos e os devidos cuidados. Para as observações anatômicas, as amostras foram coletadas no 13º, 15º e 17º dias para estacas tratadas com AIB e no 21º, 23º e 25º dias para o controle. As amostras coletadas foram preservadas em solução FAA, e outras observações foram realizadas em laboratório. Observações anatômicas mostraram a necessidade de 13 dias para a diferenciação dos primórdios radiculares até o aparecimento de raízes adventícias jovens em estacas tratadas com AIB e de 21 dias para o desenvolvimento dos primórdios no controle. As atividades das enzimas antioxidantes envolvidas nas ROS foram significativamente maiores nas estacas tratadas com AIB em comparação com o controle. A POD apresentou pico no 13º dia antes da emergência das raízes nas estacas tratadas com AIB, enquanto no 21º dia apresentou pico no controle. A PPO teve pico no 21º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 29º dia no controle. A SOD apresentou pico no 17º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 25º dia no controle. A aplicação exógena de AIB aumentou os níveis endógenos de IAA e GA3 em relação ao controle, enquanto reduziu os níveis de ABA continuamente no momento do enraizamento e, em seguida, aumentou gradativamente. Inclusive, nosso estudo sugere que o AIB na dose de 750 mg / L é eficiente para o enraizamento de estacas de M. biondii Pamp, visto que potencializou o processo de atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e os níveis de hormônios endógenos, além de reduzir o tempo de formação de raízes, o que fica evidente nas observações anatômicas.
ABSTRACT
Magnolia biondii Pamp is an important ornamental tree species widely grown and used as a rootstock in the propagation of different Magnolia varieties. In the current studies, anatomical, physiological and endogenous hormones were studied to check the effect of IBA 750 mg/L on the adventitious rooting and to provide theoretical and technical support for the propagation of Magnolia biondii Pamp through stem cuttings. Two thousand stem cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups i.e., IBA treated cuttings and water control. For the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones levels, samples were collected on the day of planting and each 5th day and further steps were carried out in the laboratory according to the protocols and proper precautions. For the anatomical observations, samples were collected on the 13th, 15th, and 17th day for IBA treated cuttings while 21st, 23rd, and 25th day for control. Collected samples were preserved in the FAA solution and further observations were carried out in the laboratory. Anatomical observations showed that it took 13 days for the differentiation of root primordia to the appearance of young adventitious roots in IBA treated cuttings, while it took 21 days to develop primordia in the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities involved in ROS were significantly higher in the IBA treated cuttings compared to control. POD showed a peak on the 13th day before the emergence of roots in IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 21st day in the control. PPO showed a peak on the 21st day in the IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 29th day in the control. SOD showed a peak on the 17th day in IBA treated cuttings, while it showed a peak on the 25th day in the control. Exogenous application of IBA enhanced the endogenous IAA and GA3 levels compared to CK, while it reduced the levels of ABA continuously at the time of rooting and then increased gradually. Inclusively, our study suggests that IBA 750 mg/L is efficient for the rooting of Magnolia biondii Pamp cuttings, as it enhanced the process of antioxidant enzyme activities, endogenous hormones levels and reduced the time of root formation which is evident from the anatomical observations.
Magnolia biondii Pamp é uma importante espécie de árvore ornamental muito cultivada e utilizada como porta-enxerto na propagação de diferentes variedades de Magnolia. Nos estudos atuais, hormônios anatômicos, fisiológicos e endógenos foram estudados para verificar o efeito do AIB na dose de 750 mg / L no enraizamento adventício e fornecer suporte teórico e técnico para a propagação de M. biondii Pamp por meio de estacas. Duas mil estacas foram preparadas e divididas em dois grupos, ou seja, tratadas com AIB e controle de água. Para a avaliação das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e dos níveis de hormônios endógenos, as amostras foram coletadas no dia do plantio e a cada 5 dias, enquanto as demais etapas foram realizadas em laboratório de acordo com os protocolos e os devidos cuidados. Para as observações anatômicas, as amostras foram coletadas no 13º, 15º e 17º dias para estacas tratadas com AIB e no 21º, 23º e 25º dias para o controle. As amostras coletadas foram preservadas em solução FAA, e outras observações foram realizadas em laboratório. Observações anatômicas mostraram a necessidade de 13 dias para a diferenciação dos primórdios radiculares até o aparecimento de raízes adventícias jovens em estacas tratadas com AIB e de 21 dias para o desenvolvimento dos primórdios no controle. As atividades das enzimas antioxidantes envolvidas nas ROS foram significativamente maiores nas estacas tratadas com AIB em comparação com o controle. A POD apresentou pico no 13º dia antes da emergência das raízes nas estacas tratadas com AIB, enquanto no 21º dia apresentou pico no controle. A PPO teve pico no 21º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 29º dia no controle. A SOD apresentou pico no 17º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 25º dia no controle. A aplicação exógena de AIB aumentou os níveis endógenos de IAA e GA3 em relação ao controle, enquanto reduziu os níveis de ABA continuamente no momento do enraizamento e, em seguida, aumentou gradativamente. Inclusive, nosso estudo sugere que o AIB na dose de 750 mg / L é eficiente para o enraizamento de estacas de M. biondii Pamp, visto que potencializou o processo de atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e os níveis de hormônios endógenos, além de reduzir o tempo de formação de raízes, o que fica evidente nas observações anatômicas.
Subject(s)
Magnolia/growth & development , HormonesABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of brassinosteroid(BR) on the physiological and biochemical conditions of 2-year-old Panax notoginseng under the cadmium stress was investigated by the pot experiments. The results showed that cadmium treatment at 10 mg·kg~(-1) inhibited the root viability of P. notoginseng, significantly increased the content of H_2O_2 and MDA in the leaves and roots of P. noto-ginseng, caused oxidative damage of P. notoginseng, and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT. Cadmium stress reduced the chlorophyll content of P. notoginseng, increased leaf F_o, reduced F_m, F_v/F_m, and PIABS, and damaged the photosynthesis system of P. notoginseng. Cadmium treatment increased the soluble sugar content of P. notoginseng leaves and roots, inhibited the synthesis of soluble proteins, reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, and inhibited the growth of P. notoginseng. External spray application of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) BR reduced the H_2O_2 and MDA content in P. notoginseng leaves and roots under the cadmium stress, alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage to P. notoginseng, improved the antioxidant enzyme activity and root activity of P. notoginseng, increased the content of chlorophyll, reduced the F_o of P. notoginseng leaves, increased F_m, F_v/F_m, and PIABS, alleviated the cadmium-induced damage to the photosynthesis system, and improved the synthesis ability of soluble proteins. In summary, BR can enhance the anti-cadmium stress ability of P. notoginseng by regulating the antioxidant enzyme system and photosynthesis system of P. notoginseng under the cadmium stress. In the context of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) BR, P. notoginseng can better absorb and utilize light energy and synthesize more nutrients, which is more suitable for the growth and development of P. notoginseng.
Subject(s)
Cadmium/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Panax notoginseng , Brassinosteroids/pharmacology , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Plant Roots/metabolism , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Naringin (Nar) has been reported to exert potential hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in APAP-induced liver injury. However, the protective mechanism of Nar against mitochondrial damage has not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Nar against APAP and the possible mechanisms of actions. Primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were utilized to establish an in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The effect of APAP and Nar on cell viability was evaluated by a CCK8 assay and detection of the concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The cellular concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of APAP-related phase II enzymes were determined by real-time PCR. The protein levels of Nrf2, phospho (p)-AMPK/AMPK, and biomarkers of mitochondrial dynamics were determined by western blot analysis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by high-content analysis and confocal microscopy. JC-1 staining was performed to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization. Nar pretreatment notably prevented the marked APAP-induced hepatocyte injury, increases in oxidative stress marker expression, reductions in the expression of phase II enzymes, significant loss of MMP, mitochondrial depolarization, and mitochondrial fission in vitro. In conclusion, Nar alleviated APAP-induced hepatocyte and mitochondrial injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress in vitro. Applying Nar for the treatment of APAP-induced liver injury might be promising.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of medium and long-term insulin pretreatment on the activity of main oxidase and antioxidant enzyme in the myocardium of burned rats with delayed fluid resuscitation.Methods:According to random number table method, forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into pseudo-burn group, burn delayed resuscitation group, insulin glargine pretreatment group and neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin pretreatment group, with 10 rats in each group. 30% total body surface area (TBSA) as Ⅲ degree scald model was prepared by bathing the back of rats in 95 ℃ hot water for 15 s; the rats in the pseudo-burn group were immersed in 37 ℃ warm water for 15 s as control. Insulin glargine pretreatment group, NPH insulin pretreatment group and burn delayed resuscitation group were injected subcutaneously with insulin glargine, NPH insulin, and normal saline 1.0 U·kg -1·d -1 2 hours after injury, and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline 40 mL/kg simulated delay resuscitation 6 hours after injury. The pseudo-burn group didn't receive medicine and delayed resuscitation. Abdominal aortic blood samples and heart tissue were collected immediately after simulating scald in the pseudo-burn group, and 24 hours after scald in three burn groups. Blood glucose, xanthine oxidase (XOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of the heart tissue were determined by spectrophotometry. Results:Compared with the pseudo-burn group, the burn delayed resuscitation group have significantly higher blood glucose level and the XOD and MPO in the heart tissue, while significantly lower CuZn-SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the heart tissue. Compared with the burn delayed resuscitation group, insulin glargine pretreatment group and NPH insulin pretreatment group have lower blood glucose level and heart tissue XOD [blood glucose (mmol/L): 6.37±1.22, 6.66±1.45 vs. 9.47±0.80; XOD (U/g): 271.93 (261.59, 275.91), 285.32 (251.96, 297.29) vs. 363.37 (354.12, 377.76), all P < 0.05], while significantly higher heart tissue CuZn-SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px [CuZn-SOD (U/g): 0.13±0.01, 0.14±0.01 vs. 0.10±0.01; CAT (U/g): 29.17±7.28, 27.16±7.37 vs. 18.36±4.53; GSH-Px (U/g): 0.33 (0.16, 0.41), 0.30 (0.17, 0.41) vs. 0.07 (0.04, 0.11), all P < 0.05]. MPO activity in insulin glargine pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in burn delayed resuscitation group (U/g: 0.016±0.002 vs. 0.020±0.002, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between insulin pretreatment group and NPH insulin pretreatment group (U/g: 0.019±0.003 vs. 0.020±0.002, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood glucose, and activities of XOD, MPO, CAT, GSH-Px between insulin glargine pretreatment group and NPH insulin pretreatment group, but the activity of CuZn-SOD in NPH insulin pretreatment group was further higher than that in insulin glargine pretreatment group (U/g: 0.14±0.01 vs. 0.13±0.01, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Medium and long-term insulin pretreatment can improve the antioxidant capacity of myocardium in delayed resuscitation rats after burns, inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species. However, only CuZn-SOD activity is different between the two groups, and further study needs to be carried out to determine whether it is related to the type if insulin.
ABSTRACT
Seed vigor is a key factor affecting seed quality. The mechanical drying process exerts a significant influence on rice seed vigor. The initial moisture content (IMC) and drying temperature are considered the main factors affecting rice seed vigor through mechanical drying. This study aimed to determine the optimum drying temperature for rice seeds according to the IMC, and elucidate the mechanisms mediating the effects of drying temperature and IMC on seed vigor. Rice seeds with three different IMCs (20%, 25%, and 30%) were dried to the target moisture content (14%) at four different drying temperatures. The results showed that the drying temperature and IMC had significant effects on the drying performance and vigor of the rice seeds. The upper limits of drying temperature for rice seeds with 20%, 25%, and 30% IMCs were 45, 42, and 38 °C, respectively. The drying rate and seed temperature increased significantly with increasing drying temperature. The drying temperature, drying rate, and seed temperature showed extremely significant negative correlations with germination energy (GE), germination rate, germination index (GI), and vigor index (VI). A high IMC and drying temperature probably induced a massive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions in the seeds, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content. In the early stage of seed germination, the IMC and drying temperature regulated seed germination through the metabolism of H2O2, gibberellin acid (GA), ABA, and α-amylase. These results indicate that the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, GA, ABA, and α-amylase might be involved in the mediation of the effects of drying temperature on seed vigor. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the mechanical drying of rice seeds.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Catalase/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Germination , Gibberellins/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Malondialdehyde/chemistry , Oryza/metabolism , Oxygen/chemistry , Plant Proteins/genetics , Reactive Oxygen Species , Seeds/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Superoxides/chemistry , Temperature , Weather , alpha-Amylases/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoke contains a large number of types of oxygen free radicals and cytotoxic components. Passive smoking will impair respiratory and cardiovascular system functions, and result in oxidative damage of skeletal muscle and decreased exercise ability. OBJECTIVE; To investigate the effect of phellinus igniarius crude polysaccharides on the exercise capacity and free radical metabolism of skeletal muscle in mice suffering passive smoking, so as to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of peroxidative damage of skeletal muscle and depression of exercise capacity in rats suffering passive smoking. METHODS: Twenty-one male Kunming mice were randomly assigned to three groups: Gavage with phellinus igniarius crude polysaccharides and suffering passive smoking (phellinus group), gavage with distilled water and suffering passive smoking (control group), and only gavage with distilled water (blank group). After 4 consecutive weeks, the mice were forced to take an exhausted swimming, and sacrificed subsequently. Exhausted swimming time was recorded. The bilateral gastrocnemius muscle tissues were obtained, in which the vitality of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathion reductase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP and Na+-K+-ATP activity, and the concentration of malonaldehyde were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The swimming time of mice in the control group was shorter than that in the blank group (P 0.6, P 0.6, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the concentration of malonaldehyde (r < -0.6, P < 0.05). (5) In summary, phellinus igniarius crude polysaccharides can improve the antioxidative enzyme activity of skeletal muscle, inhibit lipid peroxidation reaction, and thus increase exercise ability of mice suffering passive smoking. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Jiangxi Normal University, approval No. 201703.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix has been shown to improve cell proliferation and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. However, there is little research on whether extracellular matrix can enhance the antioxidant capacity of umbilical cord stem cells to enhance their application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of extracellular matrix on umbilical cord stem cell proliferation, antioxidant and osteogenic capacity. METHODS: The umbilical cord stem cells were divided into four groups. In the polystyrene group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with ordinary polystyrene culture plate without other special treatment. In the extracellular matrix group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with extracellular matrix without other special treatment. In the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with polystyrene plate and pretreated with 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. In the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with extracellular matrix and pretreated with 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. The cells were pretreated with 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. Proliferation capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cells were cultured for 72 hours after hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for 2 hours. The antioxidant capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. After 2 hours of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, the cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts for 14 days. The osteogenic capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The absorbance values of extracellular matrix group and extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group were higher than that of polystyrene group and polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively. The levels of reactive oxygen species in the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group and the polystyrene group were higher than those in the extracellular matrix group and the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes SOD2 and CAT in the extracellular matrix group and extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group were significantly higher than those in the polystyrene group and the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression of bone related genes COL-1, RUNX2, OCN, and OSTERIX was highest in the extracellular matrix group, followed by the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, and lowest in the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group; there was significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). The results show that extracellular matrix can increase the proliferation capacity, antioxidant capacity and osteogenic differentiation potential of umbilical cord stem cells. It is a method for in vitro amplification and culture of cells with wide application prospects.
ABSTRACT
Seed vigor is a key factor affecting seed quality. The mechanical drying process exerts a significant influence on rice seed vigor. The initial moisture content (IMC) and drying temperature are considered the main factors affecting rice seed vigor through mechanical drying. This study aimed to determine the optimum drying temperature for rice seeds according to the IMC, and elucidate the mechanisms mediating the effects of drying temperature and IMC on seed vigor. Rice seeds with three different IMCs (20%, 25%, and 30%) were dried to the target moisture content (14%) at four different drying temperatures. The results showed that the drying temperature and IMC had significant effects on the drying performance and vigor of the rice seeds. The upper limits of drying temperature for rice seeds with 20%, 25%, and 30% IMCs were 45, 42, and 38 °C, respectively. The drying rate and seed temperature increased significantly with increasing drying temperature. The drying temperature, drying rate, and seed temperature showed extremely significant negative correlations with germination energy (GE), germination rate, germination index (GI), and vigor index (VI). A high IMC and drying temperature probably induced a massive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions in the seeds, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content. In the early stage of seed germination, the IMC and drying temperature regulated seed germination through the metabolism of H2O2, gibberellin acid (GA), ABA, and α-amylase. These results indicate that the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, GA, ABA, and α-amylase might be involved in the mediation of the effects of drying temperature on seed vigor. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the mechanical drying of rice seeds.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix has been shown to improve cell proliferation and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. However, there is little research on whether extracellular matrix can enhance the antioxidant capacity of umbilical cord stem cells to enhance their application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of extracellular matrix on umbilical cord stem cell proliferation, antioxidant and osteogenic capacity. METHODS: The umbilical cord stem cells were divided into four groups. In the polystyrene group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with ordinary polystyrene culture plate without other special treatment. In the extracellular matrix group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with extracellular matrix without other special treatment. In the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, the umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with polystyrene plate and pretreated with 200μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. In the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, umbilical cord stem cells were cultured with extracellular matrix and pretreated with 200μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. The cells were pretreated with 200μmol/L hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours. Proliferation capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cells were cultured for 72 hours after hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for 2 hours. The antioxidant capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. After 2 hours of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, the cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts for 14 days. The osteogenic capacity of umbilical cord stem cells was detected by alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The absorbance values of extracellular matrix group and extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group were higher than that of polystyrene group and polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively. The levels of reactive oxygen species in the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group and the polystyrene group were higher than those in the extracellular matrix group and the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively (P<0.05). The expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes SOD2 and CAT in the extracellular matrix group and extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group were significantly higher than those in the polystyrene group and the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group, respectively (P<0.05). The expression of bone related genes COL-1，RUNX2, OCN, and OSTERIX was highest in the extracellular matrix group, followed by the extracellular matrix + hydrogen peroxide group, and lowest in the polystyrene + hydrogen peroxide group; there was significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). The results show that extracellular matrix can increase the proliferation capacity, antioxidant capacity and osteogenic differentiation potential of umbilical cord stem cells. It is a method for in vitro amplification and culture of cells with wide application prospects.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium trace element supplemented with fulvic acids andhumic acids on some trait of Anethum graveolens L. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomizedblock design with three levels of fulvic acids and humic acids (0, 15, and 50 mmol/l) and selenium application infive levels (0, 6, 8, 12, and 16 mg/l) with three replications in the greenhouse at Tehran municipality. The resultsof this experiment showed that the effect of selenium at different acids on morphological traits was significant.So that the dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, ion leakage, chlorophyll, and antioxidant enzymes wereaffected by increasing Se, humic and fulvic acids levels. Results indicated that selenium along with acidsincreased some major oil components, including ɑ-Pinene, β-Myrcene, ɑ-Phellandrene, and Carvone.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate (ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the application of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Barley plants were foliar-sprayed with various concentrations of ZJ0273 (100, 500, or 1000 mg/L) at the four-leaf stage. Increasing either the herbicide concentration or measurement time after herbicide treatment significantly impaired plant morphological parameters such as plant height and biomass, and affected physiological indexes, i.e. maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll meter value (soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD)). Cellular injury of herbicide-treated plants was also evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidative enzyme activity. Elevated levels of herbicide significantly reduced the activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. In a separate experiment, growth recovery in herbicide-stressed barley plants was studied using various concentrations of BCAAs (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). Increasing BCAA concentration in growth media significantly increased the biomass of herbicide-stressed barley seedlings, but had no significant effect on non-stressed plants. Further, BCAAs (100 mg/L) significantly down-regulated ROS and consequently antioxidant enzyme levels in herbicide-stressed plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of BCAAs could reverse the inhibitory effects of ZJ0273 by restoring protein biosynthesis in barley seedlings.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/metabolism , Benzoates/pharmacology , Biomass , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Herbicides/pharmacology , Hordeum/metabolism , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Seedlings/metabolismABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antioxidants , Blotting, Western , Immunohistochemistry , Oenanthe , SkinABSTRACT
In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate (ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the application of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Barley plants were foliar-sprayed with various concentrations of ZJ0273 (100, 500, or 1000 mg/L) at the four-leaf stage. Increasing either the herbicide concentration or measurement time after herbicide treatment significantly impaired plant morphological parameters such as plant height and biomass, and affected physiological indexes, i.e. maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll meter value (soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD)). Cellular injury of herbicide-treated plants was also evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidative enzyme activity. Elevated levels of herbicide significantly reduced the activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS)—a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. In a separate experiment, growth recovery in herbicide-stressed barley plants was studied using various concentrations of BCAAs (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). Increasing BCAA concentration in growth media significantly increased the biomass of herbicide-stressed barley seedlings, but had no significant effect on non-stressed plants. Further, BCAAs (100 mg/L) significantly down-regulated ROS and consequently antioxidant enzyme levels in herbicide-stressed plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of BCAAs could reverse the inhibitory effects of ZJ0273 by restoring protein biosynthesis in barley seedlings.
ABSTRACT
The study is aimed to explore the effect of soil moisture content on ginsenoside biosynthesis and explain its mechanism from the perspectives of antioxidant enzyme system and gene expression of key enzymes in the pathway of ginsenoside synthesis. In the study,two years old Panax ginseng was used as the experimental material and three moisture gradient,40% of saturated water content( W1),60%( W2),80%( W3) were set up. The content of 11 monomeric saponins were determined by HPLC. With GAPDH as a reference gene,six key enzymes( HMGR,SS,β-AS,CYP716 A47,CYP716 A52 v2,CYP716 A53 v2) in ginseng saponin synthesis pathway expression were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative PCR and the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD),catalase( CAT) activity and MDA content were also determined. With the increase of soil water,the content of ginseng saponin and biomass showed an increasing trend. PPD( Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rd,Rh2,Rb3,Rg3),PPT( Rg1,Re,Rf) ginsenoside,Ro and total ginsenoside reached the maximum value on August 30,were 9.92,5.48,0.63 mg·g-1,respectively. During the whole regulation period,the antioxidant activity of W3 was greater than that of W1,and the MDA content was less than that of W1. At W3,expression levels of β-AS,CYP716 A47 and CYP716 A53 v2 showed an increasing trend,while HMGR and SS genes showed relatively stable expression levels under various water conditions. According to the correlation analysis,HMGR and SS genes in the W3 treatment group were significantly positively correlated with PPD,PPT ginsenoside and Ro,CYP716 A52 v2 gene was significantly positively correlated with Ro,and CYP716 A47 gene was significantly positively correlated with PPD ginsenoside. There was a significant positive correlation between β-AS gene and PPD ginsenoside in W1 and W2 treatment. Therefore,W3 is the optimum moisture content,ginseng total saponins and monomer saponin content is the highest,the gene closely correlation with content of saponins and more conducive to the accumulation of ginsenosides.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Ginsenosides , Panax , Physiology , Water , PhysiologyABSTRACT
The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.
Subject(s)
Brassica napus/metabolism , Cadmium/toxicity , Catalase/metabolism , Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Oxylipins/pharmacology , Photosynthesis , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of skin photoaging. Previous studies reported that ethanol extract (PET) of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch flowers (PPF, peach flowers) and its subfractions, particularly the ethylacetate (PEA) and n-butanol extracts (PBT), have potent antioxidant activity and attenuate the UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in human skin cells. In this study, we investigated the protective activity of PPF extract against UV-induced photoaging in a mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hairless mice were treated with PET or a mixture of PEA and PBT either topically or orally along with UV irradiation. Histological changes and biochemical alterations of mouse skin were examined. Major phenolic compounds in PPF extract were analyzed using an ACQUITY UPLC system. RESULTS: The overall effects of topical and oral treatments with PPF extract on the UV-induced skin responses exhibited similar patterns. In both experiments, the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced skin and epidermal thickening, while PET inhibited only the UV-induced epidermal thickening. Treatment of PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced MMP-13 expression, but not typeⅠ collagen expression. Topical treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT with UV irradiation significantly elevated catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities in the skin compared to those in the UV irradiated control group, while oral treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT or PET elevated only catalase and SOD activities, but not GPx. Thirteen phytochemical compounds including 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, cimicifugic acid E and B, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol glycoside derivatives were identified in the PPF extract. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that treatment with PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT, both topically or orally, attenuates UV-induced photoaging via the cooperative interactions of phenolic components having anti-oxidative and collagen-protective activities.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , 1-Butanol , Catalase , Collagen , Ethanol , Flowers , Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 , Mice, Hairless , Pisum sativum , Phenol , Prunus persica , Skin , Superoxide DismutaseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The exposure of plants to multiple stress conditions can cause over production of reactive oxygen species promoting an imbalance in the redox system. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant response from varieties of sugarcane under adverse conditions, to understand the defense mechanisms of tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Micropropagated sugarcane of six genotypes, RB966928, RB98710, RB855453, RB99395, RB867515, and RB855156, were subjected to isolated action of high-temperature stress and a combination of water and saline stress, and effects were evaluated. Activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as stress indicators such as lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were evaluated. The RB867515 variety showed synchrony between the enzymatic activity and ROS regulation and detoxification, in the plant cell under environmental stress situations, thereby ensuring the maintenance of the relative water content without increment of lipid peroxidation; and consequently, the maintenance of physiological processes and plant growth. These results indicated that lipid peroxidation associated with relative water content can be good biochemical markers of sensitivity to multiple stresses in sugarcane.
RESUMO: A exposição de plantas a condições de estresse múltiplo pode causar uma superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio promovendo desequilíbrio no sistema redox. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a resposta antioxidante de variedades de cana-de-açúcar sob condições adversas visando a compreensão de mecanismos de defesa de genótipos tolerantes e sensíveis. Mudas micropropagadas de cana-de-açúcar de seis genótipos, RB966928, RB98710, RB855453, RB99395, RB867515 e RB855156 foram submetidas à avaliação da ação isolada do estresse por alta temperatura e da sua combinação com o estresse hídrico e salino. Avaliou-se a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e ascorbato peroxidase (APX), bem como a peroxidação lipídica (teor de MDA) e teor de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), indicadores de estresse. A variedade RB867515 destacou-se por apresentar sincronia entre a atividade enzimática na regulação e desintoxicação das ROS, produzidas na célula vegetal durante situações de estresse ambiental, garantindo a manutenção do teor relativo de água sem incremento da peroxidação lipídica e, consequentemente, a manutenção dos processos fisiológicos e o crescimento da planta. Os resultados indicam que a peroxidação lipídica associada ao baixo teor relativo de água podem ser bons marcadores bioquímicos de sensibilidade da cana-de-açúcar à estresses múltiplos.
ABSTRACT
The entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal ascomycete, which degenerates frequently during subsequent culture. To avoid economic losses during industrialized production, scratching stimuli of mycelia was introduced to improve the fruiting body production. The present results indicated that higher yields and biological efficiency were obtained from two degenerate strains (YN1-14 and YN2-7) but not from g38 (an insertional mutant in Rhf1 gene with higher yields and shorter growth periods). Furthermore, the growth periods of the fruiting bodies were at least 5 days earlier when the mycelia were scratched before stromata differentiation. Three ROS-scavenging genes including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CmSod1), Glutathione peroxidase (CmGpx), and Catalase A (CmCat A) were isolated and their expression profiles against scratching were determined in degenerate strain YN1-14 and mutant strain g38. At day 5 after scratching, the expression level of CmGpx significantly decreased for strain g38, but that of CmSod1 significantly increased for YN1-14. These results indicated that scratching is an effective way to promote fruiting body production of degenerate strain, which may be related at least with Rhf1 and active oxygen scavenging genes.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota , Catalase , Cordyceps , Fruit , Fungi , Gene Expression , Glutathione Peroxidase , Reactive Oxygen Species , Superoxide DismutaseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a tree species that can be used in the recovery of degraded areas, as it exhibits rapid growth and has a very expansive root system, facilitating water uptake from the deeper layers of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate photosynthesis and enzymatic activity in S. terebinthifolius seedlings under conditions of water deficit and their potential to recover following re-irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a plastic covering where plants were distributed into two groups: Group 1 - control plants, where irrigation was maintained at 70% of the water retention capacity, and Group 2 - stressed plants, where irrigation was suspended until the photosynthetic rate neared zero, followed by rehydration for 12 days, then a further suspension of irrigation. At the beginning of the experiment and during the suspension of irrigation and rehydration, plants were evaluated for gas and antioxidant enzyme exchanges. Hydric stress significantly reduced photosynthesis, stomatal transpiration conductance, carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, and the chlorophyll content of the S. terebinthifolius plants. Following rehydration, plants recovered the carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, but not the photosynthetic rate. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased in both the aerial part and the root in response to water deficit.
RESUMO Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi é uma espécie arbórea que pode ser utilizada em recuperação de áreas degradas, sendo uma espécie de rápido crescimento com um sistema radicular bem expansivo o que facilita captar águas nas camadas mais profundas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o metabolismo fotossintético e enzimático das mudas de S. terebinthifolius sob condições de déficit hídrico e seu potencial de recuperação após a retomada de irrigação. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação sob cobertura plástica onde os vasos foram distribuídos em dois lotes sendo: 1 - Controle, onde a irrigação das plantas foi mantida a 70% da capacidade de retenção de água e o lote 2 - Estresse, onde a suspensão da irrigação foi mantida até que a taxa fotossintética apresentasse níveis próximos de zero seguida de reidratação por 12 dias e nova suspensão da irrigação. No início do experimento e na suspensão da irrigação e reidratação, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto as trocas gasosas e enzimas antioxidantes. O estresse hídrico reduz significativamente a fotossíntese, a transpiração condutância estomática, a eficiência de carboxilação da rubisco e os teores de clorofila das plantas de S. terebinthifolius. As enzimas antioxidantes aumentaram tanto na parte aérea quanto na raiz em resposta ao déficit hídrico.