Effect of mitophagy related genes on the antioxidant properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae / 生物工程学报

Mitophagy is a process whereby cells selectively remove mitochondria through the mechanism of autophagy, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In order to explore the effect of mitophagy genes on the antioxidant activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutants with deletion or overexpression of mitophagy genes ATG8, ATG11 and ATG32 were constructed respectively. The results indicated that overexpression of ATG8 and ATG11 genes significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content upon H2O2 stress for 6 h, which were 61.23% and 46.35% of the initial state, respectively. Notable, overexpression of ATG8 and ATG11 genes significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content, which were helpful to improve the antioxidant activities of the strains. On the other hand, deletion of ATG8, ATG11 and ATG32 caused mitochondrial damage and significantly decreased cell vitality, and caused the imbalance of intracellular ROS. The intracellular ROS content significantly increased to 174.27%, 128.68%, 200.92% of the initial state, respectively, upon H2O2 stress for 6 h. The results showed that ATG8, ATG11 and ATG32 might be potential targets for regulating the antioxidant properties of yeast, providing a new clue for further research.

Effects of Mucuna Milk (Mucuna pruriens L.) on Body Weight and Serum Biochemistry in Rats Fed Hyperlipidaemic Diet

Aims: to investigate the potential of Mucuna milk to influence weight gain, blood lipid levels and redox status in a rat model on a high-fat diet. Study Design: 42 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6 rats. Group I received a standard diet; Group II was fed a high fat diet only; Group III was fed a high fat diet and treated with Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg per day) orally for 4 weeks; Group IV, V, VI and VII were tests groups fed a high fat diet and given orally 20 mL of vegetable milk. Methodology: Mucuna milks were produced from two varieties of Mucuna seeds. Three controls (I, II, III) made of normal rats fed with standard diet, rats fed with high fat diet and rats fed with high fat diet received orally atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day). In addition, four test groups (IV, V, VI, VII) consisting of rats fed a high fat diet received oral administration of 20 mL of vegetable milk per day (10 mL at morning and 10 mL in the afternoon). Results: After four weeks, rats on a high-fat diet had an increase in their initial body weight of about 224%, with higher abdominal fat. A significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the liver and heart was also observed. However, oral administration of Mucuna milk inhibited weight gain (about 66% reduction) and abdominal fat (54.53 – 55.60% reduction). The reduction of LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides and Total cholesterol was remarkable in the groups of rats treated with vegetable milk, as about 67% of reduction was observed with dehulled Mucuna milks (DCM, DVM) and 69 % of reduction with whole Mucuna milks (WCM, WVM). The hyperlipidaemic group of rats had higher levels of ASAT (134.17 UI/L) and ALAT (101.72 UI/L). However, Mucuna milks improved the ASAT and ALAT levels in rats. The reduction of MDA (70-50%) was related to phenolic content of Mucuna milks. Moreover, significant and negative correlations was observed between catalase and MDA (r= -0.86; P =0.05); MDA and SOD (r= - 0.60; P=0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that treatment with Mucuna milks has anti-hyperlipidaemia properties and can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Composición química de la miel de abeja y su relación con los beneficios a la salud

RESUMEN En la actualidad existe un incremento en la tendencia al consumo de alimentos saludables. Uno de ellos es la miel de abeja, reconocida desde la antigüedad por sus propiedades medicinales. Resulta importante profundizar en la información relativa a la composición química de la miel y cómo la misma influye en sus propiedades biológicas. Para ello se realizó esta revisión, que ofrece información y análisis de las características fisicoquímicas de la miel, sus componentes bioactivos y los mecanismos de acción. Fueron utilizados valores de los estándares de calidad y de otros componentes, como vitaminas, minerales, enzimas, ácidos orgánicos, proteínas, flavonoides y ácidos fenólicos con alta actividad antioxidante. Se resumen aspectos principales de las características funcionales de la miel, que le aportan su potencial biológico, energético, antioxidante, antiséptico y modulador de la respuesta inmune, para la acción contra determinadas enfermedades y, fundamentalmente, en la actividad preventiva. Elementos de esta naturaleza brindan información que puede ser utilizada en la promoción de una buena salud y en el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Currently there is an increase in the tendency of the healthy food consumption. One of them is bee honey, recognized since ancient times for its medicinal properties. It is important to deepen in information regarding to chemical composition of honey and how it influences on its biological properties. For that was carried out this review that offers information and analyzes physicochemical characteristics of bee honey, its bioactive components and action mechanisms. Values of quality standards and of other components, as vitamins, minerals, enzymes, organic acids, proteins, flavonoids and phenolic acids with high antioxidant activity were used. Main aspects of the honey functional characteristics are summarized. They give it their biological, energetic, antioxidant, antiseptic and immune response modulating potential for the action against certain diseases and, mainly, in the preventive activity. Elements of this nature provide information that can be used in the promotion of good health and in the development of new research.

A Review of the Antioxidants from the medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera, is a highly potent medicinal plant which is evergreen or deciduous in nature and it is found growing predominantly in the Sub-Himalayan regions of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. This plant is tagged as a medicinal plant because it contains various properties such as high antioxidant properties, anti- inflammatory, anti- cancer, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties. This review paper will highlight, focus and discuss the antioxidant properties possessed by Moringa oleifera supported by some experiments containing materials required, methods employed, results procured and discussion to support the evidences that prove the antioxidant properties found in this plant. The first and the second experiment is about the presence of flavonoid contents like Quercetin and Rutin found respectively that contributes to the antioxidant properties found in the plant of subject, Moringa oleifera. While, the third experiment is based on the application of the antioxidant properties found in the plant that contributes towards the enhancement of the meat quality thereby, this attribute of the plant having antioxidant properties is used in the meat industries.

Antioxidant, Metabolic And Antitumor Activity Of Triterpenoids Combination With Cytostatics

Objective: To study the effect of betulin derivatives combination with 5-fluorouracil or hydrazine sulfate on the ROS generation, the SOD and LDH activity using rat blood, as well as the effect of combination drugs on Ehrlich carcinoma in experiments on mice. Methods: We used a chemiluminescence technique to study the ROS generation, and spectrophotometry to determine the MDA level and the SOD and LDH activity. The model of transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was investigated on mice using a cytological analysis of ascitic fluid cells according to Pappenheim`s method. Results: In vitro experiments on rat blood at the doses of 2, 5 and 10 μg per ml revealed the dose-dependent effect of combination drugs on the antioxidant properties. In plasma, the ROS generation and the MDA level increased by 10-300% in comparison with control at the doses of 5 and 10 μg per ml only. Still, the SOD and LDH activity in general increased by 10-130% in comparison with control under the action of the studied combination drugs. The study on mice showed the effectiveness of a combination of triterpenoids and cytostatics in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma therapy. The state and behavior of the animals improved, the volume of ascites fluid decreased by 40-50% after treatment for 10 d. Conclusion: The combination of betulin derivatives with cytostatics can be used as antitumor drugs in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma therapy that is due to metabolic plasticity, increased ROS generation in enhanced antioxidant enzyme protection.

Effect of Boiling on Chemicals, Phytochemicals and Nutritional Composition of Solanum nigrum L. Leaves Harvested in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Aims: In tropical Africa, leafy vegetables are traditionally cooked and eaten as a relish together with a starchy staple food. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of boiling on bioactive, proximate and antinutrients compounds in Solanum nigrumleaves. Methodology:The leaveswere subjected to boiling in pressure cooker for 10, 15 and 20 min and proximate composition, minerals, nutritive and anti-nutritional components were determined according tostandard methods for nutritional guidelines.Results:The result of the study revealed that longer time of boiling (higher than 10 min) caused negative impact by reducing nutritive value but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients. The registered losses (p < .05) at 10 min were as follows: ash (12.37%), proteins (33.69%), vitamin C (11.23 mg/ 100 g), polyphenols (125.41 mg/ 100 g) Tannins (81.96 mg/ 100 g) and Flavonoids (14.03 mg/100 g). The average increase of fibers content was (39.41%). Furthermore, after 10 min of boiling time the residual contents (p<0.05) of minerals was:Calcium (1079±29.04 to 386±78 mg/ 100 g), Phosphorus (405..24±10-508.88±2.58 mg/ 100 g), Iron (33.48±0.93–44.50±1.23 mg / 100 g) and Magnesium (572.78±19.76–662.99±27.23 mg/ 100g).The antinutrient composition for oxalic acid were ranged 72.61±6.29 to 223.67±6.35 mg/100 g. The different ratios sodium / potassium (<1) and oxalates/calcium (<2.5) were under the respective critical value for all boiling. Conclusion:These results suggest that the recommended time of domestic cooking must be less than 10 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.

Effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemicals from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds

The effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemical compounds in bean seeds was studied. Seed flour of three varieties of bean was extracted in a series of organic solvents with increasing polarity (n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and water). Preliminary screening of phytochemicals showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins, terpenoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and reducing compounds in all extracts. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of results showed that extraction yield, phytochemical content and antioxidant properties were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the polarity of extracting solvents. The regression analysis of data showed polarity-dependent second order polynomial variations in the extraction yield, phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, reducing properties and free radical scavenging activity of each variety. Extraction in highly polar solvents resulted in high extract yield but low phenolic and flavonoid content as compared to non-polar ones. The polarity-dependent increase in total antioxidant activity and reducing properties indicates the extraction of strong antioxidant compounds in polar solvents. The study suggests the use of a combination of polar and nonpolar solvents to increase the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals with good antioxidant quality from the bean and other legume seeds.

Effect of feeding grape seed Proanthocyanidin extract on production performance, metabolic and anti-oxidative status of dairy cattle / Efeito da alimentação do extrato de semente de uva Proanthocyanidin sobre o desempenho da produção e o status metabólico e antioxidante de gado leiteiro

Aims to investigate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on production performance, metabolism, and anti-oxidative status of Holstein dairy cattle in early lactation. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to four groups (CON, G20, G40 and G80) and supplied with 0, 20, 40, and 80mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day. G20 significantly increased milk yield compared with other groups. Milk protein and non-fat-solids were increased in G20, G40 and G80 groups compared with the control group only at the 7th day during the experiment. No significant difference was observed in milk fat and somatic cell count, nor on parameters of energy metabolism in blood, liver function and kidney function between the four groups. There was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and hydrogen peroxide between the groups; but the malondialdehyde content of G20 significantly increased at day 14 in comparison with CON, and tended to increase at the 28th day. In conclusion, feeding 20mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day was associated with a significant increase in milk yield without detrimental effects on liver or kidney function and with substantial energy metabolism and antioxidant parameters improvement in early lactation dairy cattle.(AU)

O presente trabalho visa investigar os efeitos do extrato de semente de uva Proanthocyanidin (GSPE) sobre o desempenho da produção, o metabolismo e o status antioxidante de gado leiteiro Holstein em lactação precoce. Quarenta e oito vacas leiteiras multíparas Holstein foram divididas em quatro grupos (CON, G20, G40 e G80) e receberam 0, 20, 40 e 80mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia, respectivamente. O G20 aumentou significativamente o rendimento do leite em comparação com os outros grupos. A proteína e os sólidos não gordurosos do leite foram aumentados nos grupos G20, G40 e G80 somente no sétimo dia durante a experiência. Não foi observada diferença significativa na gordura do leite e na contagem de células somáticas, bem como nos parâmetros de metabolismo energético no sangue, na função hepática e na função renal entre os grupos em relação ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa na glutationa peroxidase, na dimutase de superóxido, na capacidade antioxidante total e no peróxido de hidrogênio entre os grupos, mas o conteúdo malondialdeído do G20 aumentou significativamente no dia 14 em comparação com o CON, e tendia a aumentar no dia 28. Em conclusão, a alimentação de 20mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia foi associada a um aumento significativo no rendimento do leite, sem efeitos nocivos sobre a função hepática ou a renal, com o metabolismo de energia substancial e a melhoria dos parâmetros antioxidantes de gado leiteiro no início da lactação.(AU)

Effects of light intensities on growth,physiological characteristic and chemical composition of Viola yedoensis / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to investigate the effects of light intensities on growth,photosynthetic physiology,antioxidant systems and chemical composition of Viola yedoensis and provide cultivation references for V.yedoensis.Five groups of V.yedoensis were planted under five light intensities conditions,namely 100%,80%,50%,35%,5%of full sunlight,and then morphological index,growth,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme system indexes were measured during harvest.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the biomass of V.yedoensis among 35% -100%full sunlight,but the biomass of those were significantly higher than that in the 5%full sunlight treatment(P<0.05).The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration and water use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased with the decrease of light intensity;F_m,F_v/F_mand Yield in 5% full sunlight treatment were significantly lower than those in the other four groups(P<0.05).The structure of chloroplast was normal under light intensity ranged from 50%to 100% full sunlight.The lamellar concentration of chloroplast matrix decreased and the starch granules decreased in 35% full sunlight treatment,and the margin of lamellar layer of chloroplast and substrate were blurred,and the starch granules were small and the number of starch granules decreased significantly under 5% full sunlight.MDA content in 5%full sunlight treatment was significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.05).The total coumarin content and total flavonoid content decreased with the decrease of light intensity.In summary,the light in-tensity range suitable for the growth of V.yedoensis is wide(ranging from 35% to 100% full sunlight).The content of flavonoids and coumarins is positively correlated with light intensity.

Antioxidant properties of different portions of organic Anoectochilus formosanus hayata with different drying treatments / Propriedades antioxidantes de diferentes porções de Anoectochilus formosanus hayata orgânicas com tratamentos de secagem diferentes

Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA (Orchidaceae) is a valuable herb used as herbal medicine in Taiwan and other Asian countries. In order to enhance the economic efficiency of organic cultivation and understand how the processing affects plant properties, organic A. formosanus extracts were used as the investigative material in this study. The entire plant, the roots, stems and leaves from organic A. formosanus were freeze-dried or hot air-dried; all samples used methanol to extract. The antioxidant properties and active components were analyzed. The results indicated that antioxidant properties of both the freeze-dried and hot air-dried leaves of organic A. formosanus have better performance, including reducing power and ,-diphenyl--picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The contents of phenols and flavonoids showed positive relationships with reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity. The contents of carotenoids positively correlated with trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the contents of all active components were negatively correlated with the ferrous ion chelating ability. To summarize the results, freeze-dried leaves of organic A. formosanus have better antioxidant properties at a suitable concentration. This study may raise the economic values of A. formosanus by the organic cultural technique.

Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA (Orchidaceae) é uma erva valiosa usada como medicina herbal em Taiwan e outros países asiáticos. A fim de aumentar a eficiência econômica do cultivo orgânico e entender como o processamento afeta as propriedades das plantas, os extratos orgânicos de A. formosanus foram utilizados como material investigativo neste estudo. A planta inteira, as raízes, hastes e folhas de A. formosanus orgânica foram liofilizadas ou secas por ar quente; todas as amostras usaram metanol para a extração. As propriedades antioxidantes e os componentes ativos foram analisados. Os resultados indicaram que as propriedades antioxidantes de ambas as folhas liofilizadas e secas por ar quente da A. formosanus orgânica apresentam melhor desempenho, incluindo o poder redutor e a atividade de eliminação do radical , -difenil-p-picrilidrazilo (DPPH). Os conteúdos de fenóis e flavonóides mostraram relações positivas com a potência redutora, atividade de eliminação de radicais DPPH e capacidade antioxidante equivalente de trolox. O conteúdo de carotenóides correlacionou-se positivamente com a capacidade antioxidante equivalente de trolox e os conteúdos de todos os componentes ativos foram correlacionados negativamente com a capacidade de quelação de íons ferrosos. Para resumir os resultados, as folhas liofilizadas de A. formosanus orgânica possuem melhores propriedades antioxidantes a uma concentração adequada. Este estudo pode elevar os valores econômicos de A. formosanus pela técnica cultural orgânica.

Extraction Optimization by Orthogonal Design and Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids from Hedyotis Diffusa / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the extraction technology and evaluate antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Hedyotis dif-fusa. Methods:The content of kaempferol was detected by an HPLC method,and spectrophotometry was used to detect the content of total flavonoids. Results: The optimum extraction conditions were investigated by orthogonal design with the extraction quantities of kaempferol and total flavonoids as the evaluation indices. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were detected based on the clearance of hydroxyl radical and DPPH·model. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:10-fold amount of 80% methanol and with ultrasonic extraction for 15 min. The clearance rate of 1ml methanol extract for scavenging DPPH· and ·OH was 73.89% and 91.27%,respectively.Conclusion:The optimum technology is stable and feasible for the extraction of Hedyotis diffuse. The extract shows good in vitro antioxidant properties, which provides powerful reference for the future development of relevant antioxidant prod-ucts.

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of Maize ( Zea mays L. ) flour

ABSTRACT Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of maize (Zea mays L.) flour was studied using response surface methodology. A central composite design based on three levels of each of particle size, in terms of mesh number (40, 60 and 80 meshes), and gamma radiation dose (25, 50 and 75 kGy) was constructed. A statistically significant dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated flour was observed. However, an increase in the mesh number (decrease in particle size of flour) resulted in an increase in antioxidant properties. The optimum level of radiation dose to achieve maximum value of responses was found to be 50 kGy for Trolox equivalent total antioxidant activity (TETAOA), 25 kGy for iron chelating ability (ICA), 25 kGy for reducing power (RP) and 75 kGy for linoleic acid reduction capacity (LARC). However, the optimum level of mesh number to achieve desired levels of TETAOA, ICA, RP and LARC was found to be 80 meshes

Solid-state fermentation of Acanthogobius hasta processing by-products for the production of antioxidant protein hydrolysates with Aspergillus oryzae

Functional properties and antioxidative activity of a protein hydrolysate prepared from Acanthogobius hasta processing by-product protein during solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae were investigated. Overall, protease activity increased with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) decreased during solid-state fermentation. All the protein hydrolysate had excellent solubility, possessed interfacial properties, and varying degrees of antioxidant activity which were governed by their concentrations and DH, molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition. After 5 days fermentation, the DH of the protein hydrolysate was 31.23%. The protein hydrolysate had the highest total hydrophobic amino acid content, the highest DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, and the chelating activity. The radical-scavenging activity of the hydrolysates at 6 mg/mL was 78.6%. The reducing power of protein hydrolysate at the range of 0-6 mg/mL was lower than that of BHA at the range of 0-60 µg/mL, while the chelating activity of APs was similar to that of BHA at the range of 0-60 µg/mL. Moreover, the protein hydrolysate showed good emulsifying and foaming properties over a wide pH range from 2 to 12. Therefore, solid state fermentation provided a suitable and low-cost method for converting Acanthogobius hasta processing by-product protein into antioxidant protein hydrolysates.

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of kiwifruit as a function of cultivar and fruit harvested month

The present study was carried out to find the effect of fruit harvesting stage (October, November and December) on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties in five kiwi cultivars (Abbot, Bruno, Allison, Hayward, Monty). Results showed that soluble solid content (SSC) and pH increased while ascorbic acid (Vit C), titrated acidity (TAD) and SSC/TAD decreased in all the cultivars with delay in harvesting. Total polyphenols (TP) were decreased while total flavonoids (TF) increased in all tested cultivars with delay in harvesting. The highest concentration of TP (2.02 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight) and TF (51.12 mg catechin equivalent/100g FW) were found in cultivar 'Allison' in the month of October and December, respectively. Antioxidant activities (AA) were genotype depended and no trend was observed with month of harvesting. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed strong correlation between Vit C, TP and antioxidant activities. Two major clusters were computed using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). All the studied important traits may be used in the breeding programmes to increase the variability for different physiochemical and antioxidative characteristics and to make suitable selections that could be acceptable to consumers.

Nutritional and Antioxidant Characterization of Blanched Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Southern Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast).

The effect of blanching on the proximate composition, nutritive value and antioxidant properties of five leafy vegetable species (Basella alba, Colocasia esculenta, Corchorus olitorius, Solanum melongena and Talinum triangulare) used in the preparation of Ivorian diets was investigated. These leafy vegetables were subjected to steam blanching in a pressure cooker for 15, 25 and 45 min. This study highlighted losses (P < 0.05) of nutrients and anti-nutrients components at 15 min of blanching as follow: ash (6.68 – 33.80 %), proteins (0.56 - 15.71 %), vitamin C (4.75 – 73.21 %), carotenoids (18.77 - 72.76%) oxalates (2.16 – 42.62 %) and phytates (20.32 – 71.56 %). Contrary to the registered losses, the average increases of polyphenols and crude fibres contents at 15 min of blanching were 1.51 to 5.19% and 0.62 to 8.87%, respectively. Furthermore after 15 min of blanching time, the residual contents (P < 0.05) of minerals were: calcium (214.71 – 608.95 mg/100 g), magnesium (85.50 – 435 mg/100 g), potassium (1243.32 – 2940.38 mg/100 g), iron (17.07 – 45.86 mg/100 g) and zinc (17.48 – 64.03 mg/100 g). All the results above showed that blanching processing reduces nutritive value of leafy vegetables consumed in Southern Côte d’Ivoire. In order to contribute efficiently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population, the domestic blanching time must be less than 15 min for preserving the beneficial nutritive properties of the studied leafy vegetables.

Antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects of Satureja khozestanica essential oil on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 in vitro

Objective: To assess various antioxidative activities of Satureja khozestanica essential oil (SKE) and its effect on oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by CuSO4 in vitro by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA). Methods: The formation of conjugated dienes, lag time and MDA were measured. Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of several concentrations of SKE. Also total antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging of SKE were determinated. Results: It was demonstrated that SKE was able to inhibit LDL oxidation and decrease the resistance of LDL against oxidation. The inhibitory effects of SKE on LDL oxidation were dose-dependent at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL. Total antioxidant capacity of SKE was (3.20±0.40) nmol of ascorbic acid equivalents/g SKE. The SKE showed remarkable scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, IC50 (5.30±0.11) ng/mL. Conclusions: This study shows that SKE is a source of potent antioxidants and prevents the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may be suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects of Satureja khozestanica essential oil on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO(4) in vitro

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess various antioxidative activities of Satureja khozestanica essential oil (SKE) and its effect on oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by CuSO4 in vitro by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The formation of conjugated dienes, lag time and MDA were measured. Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of several concentrations of SKE. Also total antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging of SKE were determinated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was demonstrated that SKE was able to inhibit LDL oxidation and decrease the resistance of LDL against oxidation. The inhibitory effects of SKE on LDL oxidation were dose-dependent at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 µg/mL. Total antioxidant capacity of SKE was (3.20±0.40) nmol of ascorbic acid equivalents/g SKE. The SKE showed remarkable scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, IC50 (5.30±0.11) ng/mL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study shows that SKE is a source of potent antioxidants and prevents the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may be suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical applications.</p>

Studies on the effect of Salvia aegyptiaca and Trigonella foenum graecum extracts on adult male mice.

Salvia aegyptiaca (Egyptian sage) and Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) have potential tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolics as examined in vitro in the present study. In addition, the antioxidant effect of Egyptian sage (ESE) and fenugreek (FE) extracts were evaluated in normal male adult mice. Also, there is no evidence about the positive and/or negative effect of those extracts on male fertility. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of those extracts, liver and kidney functions, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. In addition, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant molecules as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were estimated. Also, histological examination of testis was done. The results revealed that both extract of ESE and FE have potent antioxidant activity by reducing lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in testis tissues of mice. Those activities were extended to non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense components such as GSH, CAT, SOD, GR and GST. Additionally, ESE mixed to FE caused enhancement in testis structure with improved seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa. In conclusion, the results obtained showed that ESE and FE may contain some biologically active components that may be active against oxidative stress, and this may be the basis for its traditional use for environmental toxins.