ABSTRACT
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) está relacionado con dificultades a nivel de control ejecutivo. Nuevas formas de explorar este constructo contribuyen a la precisión diagnóstica, disminuir la prevalencia y la construcción de un consenso objetivo sobre los criterios del TDAH. El objetivo fue establecer las diferencias en el control ejecutivo de un grupo de niños con TDAH (N=22), con respecto al grupo control (N=15), de ambos géneros y de entre 7 y 12 años de edad, escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se implementaron tres parámetros oculares: fijaciones, antisacadas y prosacadas, los cuales fueron registrados continuamente en un equipo de rastreo visual (Tobii T120). Los resultados indicaron un menor tiempo para el grupo con TDAH en fijaciones oculares (p<,001) que miden control de la interferencia. Un mayor número de errores de dirección en el parámetro antisacadas relacionados con el control inhibitorio. Respecto a las prosacadas, que miden la capacidad para iniciar una respuesta motora, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Se concluyó que la población con TDAH presenta alteración en el control ejecutivo al utilizar el paradigma de rastreo ocular. Se propusieron, además, los movimientos oculares como posible marcador biológico para detectar una población en riesgo de padecer dicho trastorno.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is related to difficulties at the level of the executive control. New ways of exploring this construct contribute to diagnostic accuracy, decrease the prevalence and build an objective consensus on ADHD criteria. The aim of the study was to establish the differences in the executive control of a group of children with ADHD (N=22), with respect to the control group (N=15), of both genders and between 7 and 12 years old, attending school in the city of Medellin, Colombia. Three ocular parameters were implemented: fixings, antisaccade, and prosaccades, which were recorded continuously in a visual tracking equipment (Tobii T120). The results indicated a shorter time for the group with ADHD in ocular fixations (p<0.001) that measure interference control. A greater number of address errors in the antisaccade parameter related to inhibitory control. Regarding the prosaccades, which measure the capacity to initiate a motor response, no significant differences were found. It was concluded that the population with ADHD presents alteration in the executive control when using the eye tracking paradigm. Eye movements were also proposed as a possible biological marker to detect a population at risk of suffering from this disorder.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Eye Movements/physiology , Executive FunctionABSTRACT
Voluntary control of saccadic eye movements is a kind of saccades controlled by conscious and always used to investigate the brain areas related to saccades and ability of response inhibition and work memory.Researching the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements could provide a basis to study the advanced cognitive function of brain and facilitate to explore basic neural mechanisms of abnormal saccadic in brain disorders.As neuroimaging technologies develops,intensive studies about the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements have been made great progress.It is showed that several brain areas such as prefrontal cortex,subcortical areas and parietal cortex mainly in participate.These multiple brain regions are involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements at different stages.Antisaccades and memory-guided saccades including different brain regions because of their different characteristics of saccadic.The future direction of the research is to combine study with neural imaging technology,and to study more about the brain regions and their functional connectivity involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements.
ABSTRACT
Diversos aspectos do exame neurológico envolvem conhecimentos oriundos de especialidades afins. Os objetivos principais deste artigo são: tornar manifesto ao exame à beira-do-leito, três tipos de movimento ocular considerados do domínio da neuro-oftalmologia e da neuro-otologia - sacadas, anti-sacadas e perseguição lenta - mas que devem fazer parte do exame neurológico de rotina, além de ressaltar as muitas mazelas relacionadas às suas alterações.
Several parts of the neurological exam utilize knowledge derived from related specialties. This article aims to unveil three ocular movements usually observed in the neuro-ophthalmological and neuro-otological s which can be perfectly used to enhance the routine neurological bedside examination, also uncovering the numerous illnesses related to these ocular movements: saccade, antissacade, and smooth pursuit.