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1.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 50(4): 366-384, Octubre 18, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003148

ABSTRACT

Resumen Desde finales del siglo XX y en un contexto global, en la mayoría de los países de América Latina la interculturalidad en salud se ha convertido en una política gubernamental que pretende atender las demandas de atención sanitaria y asistencia de las comunidades que presentan hablantes de una lengua indígena. Partiendo del supuesto de que la cultura étnica constituye una barrera que impide el acceso a los servicios de salud, se plantea como estrategia considerar las cosmovisiones de los "indígenas", con el fin de diseñar programas de salud "interculturales" que favorezcan la aceptación eficaz de la biomedicina. A pesar de compartir el mismo discurso, en México, Venezuela y Chile existen prácticas diferenciales relacionadas con las llamadas políticas interculturales en salud. Así, en el presente trabajo se tratará de identificar semejanzas y diferencias en la implementación de tales políticas; de igual forma, se tratará de evidenciar las contradicciones del enfoque intercultural en el marco de las políticas públicas y las condiciones socioeconómicas que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas en los tres países.


Abstract Since the end of the 20th century, broadly speaking, in most Latin American countries, intercultural health has become a government policy that seeks to meet the demands of care and assistance to communities where speakers of indigenous languages reside. As a point of departure, interculturality assumes that ethnic culture is a barrier that prevents access to health services. The proposed strategy includes harnessing an "indigenous" cosmovision in order to design "intercultural" health programs that will effectively implement biomedical techniques in the target population. While discourse regarding "interculturality" circulates in Mexico, Venezuela, and Chile, disparate practices related to so-called intercultural health policies are unfolding within these countries. Thus, the present article identifies similarities and differences in the implementation of such policies. Likewise, it highlights the contradictions of the intercultural approach within the framework of public policies and the socioeconomic conditions faced by indigenous peoples in the three countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology, Cultural , Social Class , Health Status Indicators , Cultural Competency , Mentoring , Indigenous Peoples , Latin America , National Health Programs
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(3): 627-633, mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618123

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo desenvolvo um exercício de reflexão em torno das peculiaridades da pesquisa etnográfica contemporânea, assinalando alguns desafios inerentes a este processo. A discussão se centrará, especialmente, nos seguintes aspectos: os limites impostos pela notória abreviação do tempo de imersão no campo; os desafios na aprendizagem do trabalho etnográfico, seja nos processos de observação ou interação no campo, seja na tarefa de produção textual; questões de caráter epistemológico e ético que merecem uma atenção especial no por parte dos praticantes da abordagem etnográfica e da comunidade científica em geral. Considero, especialmente, oportuno promover o debate em torno do método etnográfico, abordando suas peculiaridades, complexidade operacional e potencialidades enquanto ferramenta de produção de conhecimento, na esfera da saúde/ saúde coletiva, tendo em vista o incremento notável desta abordagem neste campo.


In this article I reflect on the peculiarities of contemporary ethnographic research, highlighting some challenges inherent to this process. The discussion focuses in particular on the following aspects: the limits imposed by the clear reduction in immersion time in the field; the challenges in learning about ethnographic work, either in the process of observation or interaction in the field, or in the task of textual production; issues of an epistemological and ethical nature that deserve particular attention on the part of practitioners of the ethnographic approach and the scientific community in general. It is especially appropriate to foster debate around the ethnographic method, addressing its peculiarities, operational complexity and potential as a tool for knowledge production, in the sphere of health/public health, bearing in mind the marked increase of this approach in this field.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology, Cultural , Public Health , Research , Anthropology, Cultural
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