An Evidence-Based Review on Shirodhara: A Unique Panchakarma Therapy

Shirodhara is a procedure consisting of continuous pouring of a stream of medicated oil, milk, buttermilk, etc. on the forehead of the patient from a specific height for a specified period. Acharya Vagbhatta has described four types of Murdha Tail i.e., Abhyanga, Parishek, Pichu, and Shirobasti, which is successively more beneficial than the previous one. Shirodhara or Shiroparishechan is one of them. Indication of Shirodhara was found in our ancient textbooks in various diseases like Ardhavabhedaka, Suryavarta, Ardita, Pakshaghata, Hanugraha, Akshishula, Nidranasha, Shirogata Vata and Shirahkampa. In the modern era, it is a very widely used Panchakarma therapy and in this review article, an evidence-based approach is used to define the type, procedure, indication contraindication, mode of action, complications and management and evidence of efficacy etc. of Shirodhara. Based on evidence Shirodhara has been found effective in various disorders like Insomnia, Psoriasis, ADHD in children, Shirah Shoola, essential hypertension, cerebral ischemic stroke and premature ejaculation when accompanied with other treatment modalities. Shirodhara was found effective on subjective as well as scientific parameters or modern biochemical markers parameters in various studies.

Intervenciones freudianas sobre el problema de la nerviosidad: la neurosis de angustia como crítica al paradigma neurasténico de la modernidad de George M. Beard / Intervenções freudianas sobre o problema da nervosidade: a neurose de angústia como crítica ao paradigma neurastênico da modernidade de George M. Beard / Freud's interventions into the question of nervousness: the anxiety neurosis as George Beard's critique of the neurasthenic paradigm of modernity / Les interventions freudiennes sur le problème de la nerviosité: la névrose d'angoisse comme critique du paradigme neurasthénique de la modernité de George M. Beard

El presente artículo analiza la crítica freudiana a la categoría de neurastenia, propuesta por George Beard. Primeramente, se exponen las hipótesis de Beard que asocian nerviosidad, civilización moderna y neurastenia; luego, se identifica la concepción freudiana de nerviosidad implicada en la categoría de neurosis de angustia. Al refutar los postulados de Beard, Freud no sólo hará un aporte a la psicopatología de su época, sino que otorgará un nuevo fundamento a la nerviosidad moderna.

O presente artigo analisa a crítica freudiana à categoria de neurastenia, proposta por George Beard. Primeiramente, se expõe as hipóteses de Beard que associam nervosidade, civilização moderna e neurastenia; em seguida, se identifica a concepção freudiana de nervosidade implicada na categoria da neurose de angústia. Ao refutar os postulados de Beard, Freud não só contribuirá à psicopatologia da sua época, mas também outorgará um novo fundamento à nervosidade moderna.

This article examines Freud's critique of the category of neurasthenia as proposed by George Beard. First, it presents Beard's hypotheses that associate nervousness, modern civilization and neurasthenia. It then identifies Freud's concept of nervousness as applied to the category of anxiety neurosis. In refuting Beard's postulates, Freud not only made a contribution to psychopathology of his time, but also presented a new basis for modern nervousness.

Cet article examine la critique de Freud portant sur la catégorie de la neurasthénie proposée par George Beard. Nous présentons en premier lieu les hypothèses de Beard qui associent la nervosité, la civilisation moderne et la neurasthénie. Ensuite, nous identifions la conception freudienne de la nervosité impliquée dans la catégorie de névrose d'angoisse. En réfutant les principes de Beard, Freud ne contribue non seulement à la psychopathologie de son époque, mais fournit également un nouveau fondement à la nervosité moderne.

Correlative study of heart rate variability and autonomic nervous function in patients with anxiety neurosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the correlation of heart rate variability(HRV) and autonomic nervous function in patients with anxiety neurosis, and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of anxiety disorder. Methods 90 patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) and panic disorder(PD) and 90 healthy persons were tested by psychological questionnaire,the anxiety and depression were assessed by HAMA and HAMD. The average heart rate and HRV index were monitored by 24-hour ambulatory ECG. Results The average heart rate of the anxiety group was higher than the control group, compared with the control group the difference was significant ( P < 0. 05 ); The HRV parameters of the anxiety group were lower than the control group, compared with the control group the difference was significant( P < 0. 05 ) ;The HRV parameters of the GAD group were lower than the control group, the HRV parameters of the PD group were lower than the GAD group, the difference was significant ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion The patients with anxiety neurosis had high sympathetic nerve activity function and autonomic dysfunction, the PD patients had higher sympathetic nerve activity function and autonomic dysfunction than the GAD patients.

Psychology of anxiety neurosis and drug treatment / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the psychology of anxiety neurosis and drug treatment efficacy.Methods 123 clearly diagnosed anxiety neurosis sufferers were randomly divided into group A(psychotherapy),group B(drug treatment) and group C(psychotherapy and drug treatment).Psychological measuring scale SCL-90 was adopted and the results were compared at pretreatment and at 8 weeks post-treatment.Results Anxiety neurosis was often accompanied with apprehensiveness,depression,personal relationship sensitivity,compulsion and somatization.Therapeutic efficacy of group C was the best and the symptom remission rates were group A 43.9%,group B 57.5% and group C 88.6%.The rate of group C was significantly different compared with those of group A and group B(P0.05).Conclusion Though drug intervention is necessary,psychotherapy and drug treatment are the best regimens of therapy for anxiety neurosis.

Quantitative sensory analysis of anxiety neurosis / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of quantitative sensory test(QST) in anxiety neurosis patients and to evaluate the effect of anti-anxiety treatment.Methods:30 anxiety neurosis patients with subjective sensory disturbance,20 diabetes patients and 46 health controls were chosen.Each person's thermal thresholds of both left and right thenar and instep were tested.The results of QST were compared among each other.Results:The thermal thresholds of the patients with anxiety neruosis were lower than those of the patients with diabetes and healthy controls( P