ABSTRACT
Apelin is a specific ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, which is expressed in many tissues and has a variety of biological functions, playing different roles in different tissues. High doses of Apelin in the ventricle of hypothalamus can promote hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, and participate in the development of diabetes. In the peripheral target tissues of insulin, Apelin can improve insulin resistance by regulating tissue metabolism. In gut systems, Apelin can affect the maturation of digestive organs in young rats, and has no significant effect on the feeding and body weight of mice. Apelin can promote glucose into muscle tissues and improve the glucose tolerance. In addition, Apelin also has protective effects on cardiomyocytes and nerve cells. The in-depth study of the Apelin regulating mechanisms on metabolic of type 2 diabetes can help to fully evaluate the value and risks of Apelin in the treatment of diabetes.