ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Apocrine glands are sweat glands that are located in the skin of the dog. Anal sac apocrine, circunanal apocrine, and mammary glands are considered modified apocrine structures, and there are about nine possible types of neoplasms and other tumors in the apocrine glands of the dog and cat, including cysts, adenoma, carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Thus, it is important to provide new markers to characterize these glands to improve the histopathological diagnosis. In this article, we describe the distribution of kallikrein- related peptidases 5, 7, 8, and 10 in the normal apocrine glands of the dog's skin. These proteases have been shown to play a fundamental role in the homeostasis of the human skin barrier but have been scarcely studied in canine skin.
Las glándulas apocrinas son glándulas sudoríparas que se encuentran en la piel del perro. Las glándulas apocrinas del saco anal, apocrinas circunanales y mamarias se consideran estructuras apocrinas modificadas, y existen alrededor de nueve tipos posibles de neoplasias y otros tumores en las glándulas apocrinas del perro y el gato, incluidos quistes, adenoma, carcinoma y adenocarcinoma. Por lo tanto, es importante proporcionar nuevos marcadores para caracterizar estas glándulas para mejorar el diagnóstico histopatológico. En este artículo, describimos la distribución de las peptidasas 5, 7, 8 y 10 relacionadas con la calicreína en las glándulas apocrinas normales de la piel del perro. Se ha demostrado que estas proteasas desempeñan un papel fundamental en la homeostasis de la barrera de la piel humana, pero apenas se han estudiado en la piel canina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Apocrine Glands/metabolism , Apocrine Glands/chemistry , Kallikreins/analysis , Kallikreins/metabolism , Skin , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Tumors that develop from external auditory canal (EAC) are very rare. Adenoma that originates from apocrine is also a rare entity found in the EAC. Nevus sebaceous, syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP), tubular apocrine adenoma (TAA), and fibroadenoma are known to originate from apocrine. Among them, SCAP is believed to be a benign tumor that is manifested as papule and plague on the scalp and the face. However, TAA is a rare intradermal eccrine tumor and it mostly manifests as an isolated single nodule within the scalp area. Generally, these tumors are considered as two separate entities. Many articles have reported on the prevalence of TAA or SCAP with nevus sebaceous on the body, extremities, and scalp; but only 2 articles were reported on tumors that developed from EAC. In this article, we report on a patient who presented a mass in EAC, with both SCAP and TAA pathohistologic finding without nevus sebaceous.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma , Aminocaproates , Apocrine Glands , Ear Canal , Extremities , Fibroadenoma , Nevus , Plague , Prevalence , ScalpABSTRACT
Ceruminoma of external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare disease including various pathologic subtypes. Apocrine adenocarcinoma is a malignant subtype of ceruminoma. We have experienced a case of apocrine adenocarcinoma of EAC in a 28-year-old male, who presented with foreign body sense of EAC. Physical examination showed protruding mass like lesion with smooth surface on the superior portion of the right EAC. Histologic examination revealed apocrine adenocarcinoma. After baseline workup, lateral temporal bone resection was performed. At the 1st year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence. Apocrine adenocarcinoma occurs on rare occasions, then adequate biopsy should be performed for precise diagnosis and proper treatment. Radical surgery is main treatment option used for treatment of apocrine adenocarcinoma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Adenocarcinoma , Aminocaproates , Apocrine Glands , Biopsy , Ear Canal , Follow-Up Studies , Foreign Bodies , Physical Examination , Rare Diseases , Recurrence , Temporal BoneABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Axillary osmidrosis is a distressing disorder characterized by unpleasant odor from axillary area and it is mainly associated with apocrine glands but also associated with eccrine glands. For surgical treatment of osmidrosis, recently ultrasound assisted liposuction(UAL) had been performed for many patients. According to the recent studies about ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis, histologic studies about apocrine gland had been applied for 35 cases, but there were rare mention about eccrine gland and the relationship between two glands. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis on apocrine and eccrine glands. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2007, 35 patients underwent ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis and 5 patients underwent histologic studies. Histologic examinations were performed before and after ultrasound assisted liposuction and each biopsy was performed in central axillary area. The volume ratio of both glands, presence of degeneration were examined. And in aspirates, distribution and density of both glands and their morphological changes were examined. RESULTS: Preoperative biopsy results showed average volume ratio of apocrine glands to eccrine glands was 65:35. According to the postoperative biopsy results, the volume of apocrine glands in dermis were significantly reduced and glands were degenerated, but the volume of eccrine glands were slightly reduced and glands were mildly damaged. And the average volume ratio of two glands was 20:80. According to biopsy results of aspirates, the volume ratio of two glands was 85:15 and apocrine glands had significantly greater proportion. CONCLUSION: By comparison of each biopsy result, apocrine glands were more significantly reduced and degenerated than eccrine glands in all 5 cases. However, further studies with large sample sizes and close examinations are required.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apocrine Glands , Biopsy , Dermis , Eccrine Glands , Lipectomy , Odorants , Sample SizeABSTRACT
Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum (SCACP) is a rare form of adenocarcinoma of the skin. This is the malignant counterpart of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) and usually develops on the scalp in a long-standing lesion identified clinically as SCAP. We describe a 65-yr-old Korean man with a nodule on the right supra-pubic area with a 2-yr duration. Histologically this tumor had a similar overall configuration as in SCAP, but the tumor was asymmetric and poorly circumscribed, extending into the deep dermis and showed cytologic atypia. The tumor cells showed positive reaction to GCDFP-15, but negative reaction to CEA and HMFG-1. We established the diagnosis of SCACP in the patient, and a wide excision was performed to remove the tumor. The patient has been well without relapse or metastasis for 2 yr.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Carrier Proteins/analysis , Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/metabolism , Glycoproteins/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Sweat Gland Neoplasms/metabolism , Syringoma/metabolismABSTRACT
Axillary osmidrosis, also referred to as bromhidrosis, is a condition of excess, abnormal, or strong acrid body odor that typically manifests itself after puberty with the enlargement of apocrine glands. This condition often causes the affected to avoid social settings and personal relationships particularly throughout puberty and into adult life. The surgical objectives for treating axillary osmidrosis are to eliminate malodor and postoperative recurrence, to reduce significant complications such as hematoma and skin flap necrosis causing scarring, to decrease the recovery time, and to reduce the surgical scars. In order to meet the objectives, I recommend to use three surgical methods such as subdermal shaving method with scissors, liposuction and curettage method, and curettage and dermal shaving with manual and electric bone rasp. The subdermal shaving method demands the surgeon to execute meticulous hemostasis in the central axilla. Quilting sutures should be placed to fixate the skin flap to the axillary base to further prevent hematoma and to shorten recovery time. A relatively simple pressure dressing is removed after a couple of days, which will allow the patients to resume their routine daily life. Liposuction and curettage method is used to remove the apocrine glands in the subcutaneous layer. Apocrine and eccrine glands in the lower dermis are removed by dermal shaving with a manual or electric bone rasp or by a suction assisted cartilage shaver.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Bandages , Cartilage , Cicatrix , Curettage , Dermis , Eccrine Glands , Hematoma , Hemostasis , Lipectomy , Necrosis , Odorants , Puberty , Recurrence , Skin , Suction , SuturesABSTRACT
Osmidrosis axillae is a distressing problem characterized by foul odor at the axillae due to excessive apocrine sweat gland secretion. We introduce a new non-surgical method using a specially insulated needle and high frequency electrocoagulator. From September 2001 to January 2005, 52 patients were treated with this procedure for osmidrosis axillae. In authors' procedure, insulated needle which was designed to protect skin and dermal layer was inserted into the deep dermis of axilla area and apocrine sweat glands were removed by electrocoagulation. Fifty two patients were evaluated more than 6 months after surgery. Among these patients, 48 patients received secondary coagulation procedure. After second operation, all patients were satisfied with postoperation results. We conclude that our method has several advantages such as 1) short operation time, 2) no necessity of postoperative immobilization of shoulder joints, 3) no need of hospitalization, 4) minimal scarring and no bleeding, 5) prevention of skin necrosis, 6) a safer operative method for recurred cases as a secondary method.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Cicatrix , Dermis , Electrocoagulation , Hemorrhage , Hospitalization , Immobilization , Necrosis , Needles , Odorants , Shoulder Joint , Skin , Sweat GlandsABSTRACT
Apocrine gland carcinoma is a rare form of sweat gland neoplasm. Although the region of the axilla remains the most common site for these tumors, apocrine gland carcinomas of the other regions have been reported. This is a tumor of adults with no evident prevalence for sex and race. Most patients have a history of a long-standing neoplasm before the diagnosis is made and a favorable outcome. A 33-year-old man showed an axillary nodule with regional lymph node enlargement. Histopathologic examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was positive in immunohistochemical staining with CEA and BRST-2.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Racial Groups , Diagnosis , Lymph Nodes , Prevalence , Sweat Gland NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Apocrine gland carcinoma is a rare form of sweat gland neoplasm with a distinctive cytologic appearance. Their occurrence has been reported mainly in the axilla and breast area. The authors describe a 51-year-old man with an apocrine gland carcinoma in the right axilla area. Physical exam revealed a 2.0 X 2.5 cm sized strawberry-like mass and histologic sections showed multiple cribriform pattern tumor nodules throughout the dermis. The periodic acid-Schiffs(PAS) diastase stain revealed positively staining granules in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells and stains for lysozyme and GCDFP-15(Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15) were also positive.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Amylases , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Breast , Coloring Agents , Cytoplasm , Dermis , Muramidase , Sweat Gland NeoplasmsABSTRACT
A 84-year-old man presented a nodular lesion on his left axillary area for 7 years. Excisional biopsy revealed characteristic findings of apocrine carcinoma showing from relatively differentiated immature apocrine glands to cord-like infiltrations of anaplastic cells without luminal formation. Apocrine carcinoma is rarely reported in the world. Only cases have been reported in Korean literature up until the present time.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Biopsy , PhenobarbitalABSTRACT
Carcinomas of apocrine glands are rare and their diagnostic features are poorly defined. Only about 35 cases were reported in the literatures from 1911 to 19871. Their occurrence has been reported mainly in the axilla and breast area. We present a case of apocrine carcinoma arising from the left axilla. The literature is reviewed with respect to clinical and histopathologic findings.
Subject(s)
Apocrine Glands , Axilla , BreastABSTRACT
Apocrine gland carcinorna is a very rare cutaneous malignancy, By 1987, only about 35 cases are found in the literature. This lesion occurs predominantly in axillae of elderly individuals. It is a mostly asymtomatic nodule or cystic mass. We report herein a case of apocrine gland carcinoma in the right mammary area of 68-year-old male. Histopathological findings were characterized by a glandular arrangement of large cells with abundant. eosinophilic cytcplasm and evidence of decapitation secrtion. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules and lysozy ne. The patient was treated with wide superficial excision includirig t he enough marginal skin. After 20 months, large mass was cleveloped at. the same site and right axi lary lymph nodes were palpabled. Then we treated him by modified radical mastectomy with regional lymph node dissection.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Cytoplasm , Decapitation , Eosinophils , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Mastectomy, Modified Radical , SkinABSTRACT
Apocrine gland carcinorna is a very rare cutaneous malignancy, By 1987, only about 35 cases are found in the literature. This lesion occurs predominantly in axillae of elderly individuals. It is a mostly asymtomatic nodule or cystic mass. We report herein a case of apocrine gland carcinoma in the right mammary area of 68-year-old male. Histopathological findings were characterized by a glandular arrangement of large cells with abundant. eosinophilic cytcplasm and evidence of decapitation secrtion. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules and lysozy ne. The patient was treated with wide superficial excision includirig t he enough marginal skin. After 20 months, large mass was cleveloped at. the same site and right axi lary lymph nodes were palpabled. Then we treated him by modified radical mastectomy with regional lymph node dissection.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Apocrine Glands , Axilla , Cytoplasm , Decapitation , Eosinophils , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes , Mastectomy, Modified Radical , SkinABSTRACT
Apocrine sweat gland carcinoma is a very unusual malignant skin adnexal tumor and mostly occurs in areas where apocrine elands are abundant namely. axilla. upper arm. scalp. eyelid. vulva and external auditory meatus. The scrotal location is not yet reported. We report a case of apocrine sweat gland carcinoma of scrotum in a man aged 85, which was managed by local excision. The histologic finding is that of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Evidence of decapitation secretion typical or apocrine glands. is present in some areas.