Entre a cruz e a espada: dimensões do aparecimento em partilhas do sensível de travestis na prostituição durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Between a rock and a hard place: dimensions of appearance in the partition of the sensible of transvestite prostitutes during the covid-19 pandemic / Entre la cruz y la espada: dimensiones de la aparición en distribución de lo sensible de travestis en la prostitución durante la pandemia de covid-19

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as diferentes dimensões do aparecimento das travestis da Av. Pedro II, importante avenida da cidade de Belo Horizonte, durante a pandemia de covid-19. A partir de conceitos como partilhas do sensível e aparecimento foram analisados relatos das travestis, extraídos: a) do livro Translado - com o objetivo de contextualizar as rotinas pré-pandemia; b) de entrevistas realizadas por telefone em 2020; e c) de um grupo focal realizado em 2021 presencialmente. O método utilizado para sistematizar e analisar o material foi a montagem de cena, inspirada em Jacques Rancière. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, situações de humilhação, desigualdade e violência. Por outro, desvelam formas de subversão de hierarquias, estratégias de aparecimento e subjetivação política.

The article aims to understand the different dimensions of the appearance of transvestites during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study focused on transvestites located on Av. Pedro II, an important avenue in the city of Belo Horizonte. Based on concepts such as distribution of the sensible and appearance, reports by transvestites were analysed. They were extracted from: a) the book Translado ­ to contextualize pre-pandemic routines; b) interviews by telephone in 2020; and c) a face-to-face focus group carried out in 2021. The method used to systematise and analyse the material was scene montage, inspired by Jacques Rancière. The results indicate, on the one hand, situations of humiliation, inequality, and violence. On the other hand, they reveal forms of subversion of hierarchies, strategies of appearance and political subjectivati.

El artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las diferentes dimensiones del aparecimiento de los travestis de la Av. Pedro II, una importante avenida de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, durante la pandemia de covid-19. A partir de conceptos como distribución de lo sensible y aparecimiento, se analizaron relatos de travestis, extraídos: a) del libro Translado ­ con el objetivo de contextualizar rutinas prepandemia; b) de entrevistas realizadas medio de telefóno en 2020; y c) de un grupo focal realizado en 2021 de forma presencial. El método utilizado para sistematizar y analizar el material fue el montaje de escena, inspirado en Jacques Rancière. Los resultados indican, por un lado, situaciones de humillación, desigualdad y violencia. Por otro lado, revelan formas de subversión de jerarquías, estrategias de aparición y subjetivación política.

Anthropometry and physical appearance can be associated with quality of life in Brazilian women with Turner syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze if anthropometric factors and physical appearance are associated to QoL in Turner syndrome (TS). Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The SF-36 was applied along with an additional questionnaire regarding specific characteristics of TS. Results: There were no differences in quality of life (QoL) in TS women regarding median height and appropriate height according to parental target height, however, participants satisfied and who did not desire to change their height had better scores in the mental health and role emotional domains than those not satisfied and desired to change it. When comparing participants who were or were not bothered by physical appearance, the results showed that those not bothered by physical appearance had a better score in the vitality and social function domains. Considering patients who did or did not desire to change physical appearance, those who did not want to change their physical appearance had higher scores in the mental component and in the social function and mental health domains of the SF-36. Conclusion: This study indicated that anthropometric factors and physical appearance may possibly be associated to QoL in TS, and also emphasizes the need to develop and validate an official questionnaire regarding specific TS characteristics in order to assess in more detail how specific characteristics of TS interfere with their QoL.

Formulation and evaluation of Buccal mucoadhesive tablets of diclofenac sodium using 23 factorial designs

Buccal tablets

Diclofenac sodium

Drug release

Mucoadhesion

Mucoadhesive tablets

Release kinetics

Parvovirus B19 infection in a patient of juvenile arthritis: A case report

Parvovirus B19 infection, or fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, is a self-limiting viral exanthem and can occur along with other connective tissue disorders. Occasionally, children may have preceding chronic joint complaints suggestive of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 7-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department with a rash over her face, upper and lower limbs, and trunk, which was preceded by fever. The patient is a known case of juvenile arthritis. On examination, there were multiple erythematous and skin-colored plaques over cheeks; few pustules over lips; multiple erythematous papules over upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk; multiple erythematous macules over palms; and swelling over interphalangeal joints of bilateral hands, elbow and knee joints with genu valgum deformity of limbs. The patient was given topical antibiotic and steroid combination cream and oral antihistaminic for her cutaneous complaints.

Comparison of Female Body Image Between Models and Non-Models Women / Comparação da Imagem Corporal Feminina entre Modelos de Passarela e Mulheres Não-Modelo / Comparación de la Imagen Corporal Femenina entre Modelos de Pasarela y Mujeres No Modelos

Abstract Women have been dissatisfied with their own appearance. This study aimed to evaluate whether the media can influence changes in body image regarding weight concern, satisfaction and dysfunctional investment of one's own appearance in female runway models and non-models. This survey was composed of Brazilian women, models who were linked with an agency, and non-models. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms, sending links to invite eligible subjects. In total, 102 models and 247 non-models participated in the survey. Sample Characterization Questionnaire, weight and height reports for the Body Mass Index, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ /AS) and Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R) were used. The result showed that non-models are more susceptible to pressure from the media and that having body measurements considered ideal, like models, reduces social pressure on the body.

Resumo Mulheres têm se mostrado insatisfeitas com a própria aparência. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a mídia pode influenciar alterações na imagem corporal em relação à preocupação com o peso, satisfação e investimento disfuncional da própria aparência no público de mulheres modelos de passarela e não-modelos. Pesquisa utilizou brasileiras, modelos que foram vinculadas a uma agência, e não-modelos. Coleta foi realizada pelo Google Forms com envio de links convidando as participantes. Participaram da pesquisa 102 modelos e 247 não-modelos. Instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário de Caracterização da Amostra, relato de peso/altura para o Índice de Massa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) e Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Resultado demonstrou que as não-modelos estão mais suscetíveis às pressões da mídia e que ter as medidas corporais consideradas ideais, como as modelos, diminui a pressão social sobre o corpo.

Resumen Las mujeres están insatisfechas con su propria apariencia física. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los medios de comunicación pueden influir en la imagen corporal de las mujeres respecto a la preocupación por el peso, la satisfacción e inversión disfuncional de la propia apariencia en mujeres modelos de pasarela y las no modelos. Se utilizó una muestra de mujeres brasileñas, modelos vinculadas a una agencia y no modelos. Se recogieron datos de Google Forms. Se contó con la participación de 102 modelos y 247 no modelos. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios: Caracterización de Muestras, relato de peso/altura para el Índice de Masa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) y Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres no modelos están más susceptibles a la presión de los medios de comunicación, y que tener medidas corporales consideradas ideales como las de las modelos reduce la presión social sobre el cuerpo.

Redes sociais e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em estudantes da área da saúde / Social networks and dissatisfaction with body image among healthcare students

A insatisfação com a imagem corporal é um importante fator relacionado à transtornos alimentares. Nota-se que as redes sociais divulgam continuamente o corpo magro e musculoso, o que contribuiu para a internalização do corpo ideal. Entretanto, precisa ser melhor esclarecida a influência das redes sociais sobre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal em universitários da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal e o uso de redes sociais em estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Realizou-se pesquisa transversal, com coleta de dados online pela plataforma Google Forms®. A amostra foi composta por 203 estudantes da área da saúde, na faixa etária entre 18 e 40 anos. Aplicou-se o questionário Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) para avaliar a insatisfação com a imagem corporal. A influência das redes sociais sobre estilo de vida e foi investigada pelo escore gerado pela somatória de seis questões, com respostas em escala Likert. Foram coletadas informações socioeconômicas, peso e altura autoreferidos. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo software JAMOVI, considerando-se o nível de significância p≤0,05. O escore de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi significativamente superior nas mulheres, de maneira que se verificou que 65,4% delas apresentam algum grau de insatisfação. O IMC, número de redes sociais acessadas e o escore total de influência da mídia associaram-se positivamente à insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Conclui-se que a insatisfação com a imagem corporal se associou ao IMC, número de redes sociais e escore de influência das redes sociais, sendo observado principalmente em mulheres.

Dissatisfaction with body image is an essential factor related to eating disorders. It is noted that social networks continually publicize the lean and muscular body types, which have contributed to the internalization of the ideal body. However, social networks' influence on body image dissatisfaction in health university students must be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dissatisfaction with body image and the use of social networks among undergraduate healthcare students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, with online data collection using the Google Forms® platform. The sample consisted of 203 healthcare course students aged between 18 and 40 years. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was applied to assess body image dissatisfaction. The influence of social networks on lifestyle was investigated by the score generated by the sum of six questions, with answers on a Likert scale. Socioeconomic information and selfreported weight and height were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the JAMOVI software, considering a significance level of p≤0.05. The body image dissatisfaction score was significantly higher in women, and 65.4% had some degree of dissatisfaction. BMI, number of social networks accessed, and the overall media influence score were positively associated with dissatisfaction with body image. It is concluded that dissatisfaction with body image was associated with BMI, number of social networks, and social network influence score and was observed mainly in women.

Adverse oral conditions associated with worse emotional and social well-being of Brazilian teenagers: a population-based study in a deprived rural-urban boundary / Condições bucais adversas associadas a pior bem-estar emocional e social de adolescentes brasileiros: um estudo de base populacional em uma periferia rural-urbana negligenciada

Abstract Background The relationship between dental appearance and emotional/social well-being in underprivileged areas undergoing rapid urbanization is unknown. Objective To assess if the emotional and social well-being of teenagers living in urban areas might be more affected by unfavorable dental appearance determined by oral conditions. Method A population-based cross-sectional exploratory study with 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren was carried out in two poor, underserviced districts of Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Outcome was severity of oral health-related quality of life (QHRQoL) due to the emotional and social well-being and exposures were oral conditions and residence district (rural or urban). Results The impact on severity of QHRQoL due to emotional well-being and due to social well-being, respectively, were 14% and 16% higher for those presenting at least one untreated decayed tooth; 36% and 54% higher for those with unfavorable dental appearance and 25% and 39% higher for those from the urban district. No association between malocclusion and district was observed. Conclusion Despite higher prevalence of untreated dental caries in the rural district, teenagers from the urban district felt that their OHRQoL, adjusted by oral conditions investigated, was more negatively affected. This suggests that urban environmental influences can lead to stressful social pressures stemming from dental appearance, leading to diminished emotional and social well-being.

Resumo Introdução A relação entre aparência dentária e bem-estar emocional/social em áreas carentes com urbanização acelerada é desconhecida. Objetivo Avaliar se o bem-estar emocional e social de adolescentes residentes em área urbana pode ser mais impactado pela aparência dentária desfavorável controlada pelas condições bucais. Método Um estudo exploratório transversal de base populacional envolvendo escolares brasileiros de 12 anos foi realizado em dois bairros carentes foi realizado, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O desfecho foi a gravidade da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) devido ao bem-estar emocional e social, e as exposições foram condições bucais e distrito de residência (rural e urbano). Resultados O impacto sobre a gravidade da QVRSB em decorrência do bem-estar emocional e do bem-estar social, respectivamente, foi 14% e 16% maior para aqueles que apresentavam pelo menos um dente cariado não tratado; 36% e 54% maior para aqueles com aparência dentária desfavorável e 25% e 39% maior para aqueles moradores em distrito urbano. Nenhuma associação entre má oclusão e distrito foi observada. Conclusão Apesar da maior prevalência de cárie dentária não tratada no distrito rural, os adolescentes do distrito urbano sentiram-se mais afetados negativamente em sua qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal ajustada pelas condições bucais, sugerindo que as possíveis influências do ambiente urbano podem trazer experiências sociais estressantes devido à aparência dentária impactando no bem-estar emocional e social.

Excellent appearance of Dao-di Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and interaction mechanism between genetic and environmental factors: a review / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di medicinal materials produced in a specific environment always present excellent appearance and high quality. Because of the unique appearance, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is regarded as a paradigm in the research on excellent appearance. This paper systematically summarized the research progress in the genetic and environmental factors influencing the formation of the excellent appearance of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, aiming to provide reference for the quality improvement of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and the scientific connotation of Dao-di Chinese medicinal materials. The Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma with high quality generally has a robust and long rhizome, a large angle between branch roots, and the simultaneous presence of a robust basal part of rhizome, adventitious roots, rhizome bark with circular wrinkles, and fibrous roots with pearl points. The cultivated and wild Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma have significant differences in the appearance and no significant difference in the population genetic diversity. The differences in the appearance are associated with cell wall modification, transcriptional regulation of genes involved in plant hormone transduction, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation. The rhizosphere soil microorganisms including Fusarium and Alternaria, as well as the endophytes Trichoderma hamatum and Nectria haematococca, may be the key microorganisms affecting the growth and development of Panax ginseng. Cultivation mode, variety, and root exudates may be the main factors influencing the stability of rhizosphere microbial community. Ginsenosides may be involved in the formation of the excellent appearance. However, most of the available studies focus on the partial or single factors in the formation of Dao-di medicinal materials, ignoring the relationship within the complex ecosystems, which limits the research on the formation mechanism of Dao-di medicinal materials. In the future, the experimental models for the research involving genetic and environmental factors should be established and mutant materials should be developed to clarify the internal relationship between factors and provide scientific support for the research on Dao-di medicinal materials.

Correlations between appearance traits and internal quality of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots based on theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification" / 中国中药杂志

It is generally believed that high-quality Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots possess specific morphological characteristics, being red, robust, and long with strong odor. However, the scientific connotation of these characteristics has not been elucidated. According to the theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification", we studied the correlations between appearance traits(the RGB value of root surface, root length, root diameter, dry weight, and ratio of phloem to xylem) and content of main chemical components(volatile oils, total saponins, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, and seven saikosaponins) of B. scorzonerifolium roots. Epson Scanner and ImageJ were used to scan the root samples and measure the appearance traits. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry and HPLC were employed to determine the content of chemical components. The correlation, regression, and cluster analyses were performed to study the correlations between the appearance traits and the content of chemical components. The results showed that the content of volatile oils and saikosaponins were significantly correlated with RGB value, root length, and root diameter, indicating that within a certain range, the roots being redder, longer, and thicker had higher content of volatile oils and saikosaponins. According to the appearance traits and chemical component content, the 14 samples from different producing areas were classified into four grades, and the differences in morphological traits and chemical component content were consistent among different grades. The findings in this study demonstrate that appearance traits(RGB value, root length, and root diameter) can be used to evaluate the quality of B. scorzonerifolium roots. Meanwhile, this study lays a foundation for establishing an objective quality evaluation method for B. scorzonerifolium roots.

High-quality Formation of Cistanches Herba： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the requirement for the quality of Chinese medicines has become increasingly higher since they have been widely used in clinical practice. Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of TCM， and their quality directly affects the clinical efficacy. Studying the quality of Chinese medicinal materials is the key to ensure the quality and realize the large-scale application. As one of rare Chinese medicinal materials， Cistanches Herba has the functions of tonifying kidney yang， invigorating blood and essence， moistening intestines to relieve constipation. High-quality Cistanches Herba is characterized by glossy appearance， high density， fleshy and soft texture， and sweet taste. With the reduction of wild resources， the products from cultivated Cistanche deserticola or C. tubulosa become dominant on the market of Cistanches Herba. The cultivation areas are widely distributed， mainly concentrated in Gansu， Inner Mongolia， and Xinjiang. However， the cultivated products have varied quality due to the differences in germplasm， producing region， cultivation method， harvesting， and processing. According to the theories of quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics and excellent appearance indicating high quality， this paper reviewed the literature on the quality evaluation， growth， development， and processing of Cistanches Herba in the last decade to explore the main factors （genetic characteristics， environmental conditions， and harvesting and processing factors） affecting the quality of Cistanches Herba. The review aims to explore the factors for the high quality and provide a reference for the producing region screening， directional cultivation， and production of Cistanches Herba.

Quality Evaluation of Mori Cortex from Different Producing Areas Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different producing areas by the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution（TOPSIS）， and to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of Mori Cortex. MethodAccording to the five key indexes of color， thickness， texture， powdery and cortex remain， a subjective scoring table was designed to evaluate the appearance of Mori Cortex. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the fingerprint and the contents of multiple components（mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， oxyresveratrol， mulberroside C， sanggenone D， sanggenone C， morusin）， and chemometrics was used to explore the differential components of Mori Cortex from different habitats. On this basis， TOPSIS was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and SPSS 22.0 software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis between thickness and appearance color with contents of seven components of Mori Cortex. ResultThose with lighter color， thicker root bark， tougher texture， sufficient powder and less cortex remain scored higher， and the top five were all from Anhui. The established fingerprint and determination methods were stable and reliable. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） screened three components with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1（mulberroside A， sanggenone D， sanggenone C）， which made an important contribution to the difference in the origin of Mori Cortex. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between mulberroside C with lightness value（L*） and total chromaticity value（E*ab） and mulberroside A with yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， a significantly negative correlation between sanggenone C with b* and between morusin with L*（P<0.05， P<0.01）. And there was a significantly negative correlation between mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， and morusin with thickness（P<0.01）， a clearly negative correlation between sanggenone D with thickness（P<0.05）， a significantly positive correlation between sanggenone C with thickness（P<0.01）. TOPSIS comprehensive scores showed that the samples from Anhui had a good score and ranked high. ConclusionThere are great differences in the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and those with the close habitats show similar characteristics in appearance and component content， and lighter color and less cortex were positively correlated with the quality. Among them， the quality of Mori Cortex from Anhui is relatively good.

Quality evaluation of Cnidii Fructus in commodity grade based on theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification" / 中国中药杂志

From the perspective of market classification of Cnidii Fructus, this paper revealed the scientific connotation of evaluating the quality grade of Cnidii Fructus by its appearance traits. Thirty batches of Cnidii Fructus in different grades were selected as the research objects. The canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to explore the measurement values of 15 appearance traits and intrinsic content indexes. The results of correlation analysis showed that except the aspect ratio, the 5 appearance trait indexes(length, width, 1 000-grain weight, broken grain weight proportion, and chroma) and 9 internal content indexes(the content of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, osthole, imperatorin, 5-methoxy psoralen, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin, and xanthotol) showed significant correlation to varying degrees. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the first typical variable U_1 composed of appearance traits and the first typical variable V_1 composed of internal content indexes(CR_1=0.963, P<0.01). The results of PCA showed that the classification results of appearance traits for 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were consistent with the actual information of the samples. Under the same analysis conditions, 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were reclassified by 9 groups of internal content indexes, and the analysis results were consistent. From the classification standard of the appearance traits of the system study, the statistical results of 6 appearance traits of Cnidii Fructus showed a correlation with grades. There was a good correlation between the appearance and the internal content of Cnidii Fructus, and the appearance quality effectively predicted the level of the internal content. There is a certain scientific basis for the quality classification of Cnidii Fructus by main appearance traits. Appearance classification can replace quality grading to realize the "quality evaluation through morphological identification" of Cnidii Fructus.

Factors affecting penile appearance and erectile function for postoperative hypospadias patients in adulthood: a long-term follow-up observational study / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the penile appearance, sexual function, psychological status and related influencing factors of adult patients who underwent hypospadias repair surgery in their minors, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hypospadias. 【Methods】 This study included 50 adult hypospadias patients who underwent urethroplasty in our hospital during May 2005 and Aug. 2018. The present appearance, sexual function and psychological status were evaluated. The correlation and consistency between hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE) and pediatric penile perception score (PPPS) were analyzed. Factors affecting the results were determined with univariate and multivariate regression analysis. 【Results】 The satisfaction rate of HOSE was significantly correlated with the urethral length and complications (P=0.024, P=0.033). The satisfaction rate of PPPS was significantly correlated with the number of urethral operations and postoperative complications (P=0.041, P=0.023). There was a weak correlation between HOSE and PPPS (r=0.291, P=0.040), but almost no consistency (Kappa=0.2, P=0.107). Sixty percent of the patients paid attention to the ventral appearance of penis, whose dissatisfaction rate of PPPS was higher than those who did not pay attention to the ventral appearance of the penis (19/30 vs. 6/20, P=0.021). Patients with multiple operations (>1), postoperative complications or unsatisfactory penile appearance were more likely to have inferiority complex (52.6% vs. 22.6%, P=0.029; 59.1% vs.14.3%, P=0.001;61.5% vs. 24.3%, P=0.015). Multivariate regression analysis showed that dissatisfaction with the appearance of the penis was an independent risk factor for patients’ perception of their own physical defects. Among the patients who believed that they had physical defects, the percentage of patients with grade IV penile erectile hardness was significantly lower than that of those who denied they had physical defects (9/17 vs. 27/33, P=0.047). 【Conclusion】 The undesirable postoperative penis appearance is likely to have a negative impact on patients’ long-term psychological state, which might further damage the sexual function in adulthood. Surgeons should pay attention to the penile appearance during the conduction of hypospadias repair.

Problem Analysis and Standard Establishment of Grade Evaluation Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces / 中国实验方剂学杂志

High quality is the premise for the implementation of high quality and good price for decoction pieces， and grade is the most direct manifestation of high quality of decoction pieces. However， there is still a lack of scientific and reasonable methods for evaluating the grade of decoction pieces， and it is urgent to establish a widely recognized and unified standard for the grade of decoction pieces to ensure the quality of the decoction pieces and guarantee the safety and efficacy of clinical use. Based on this， this paper focused on analyzing the problems of the current grade evaluation methods， such as unclear distinction between quality standards and grade standards， unreasonable selection of grade evaluation indicators， and inaccurate application of mathematical statistical methods. Based on the analysis of the grade evaluation of decoction pieces， this paper proposed four criteria for establishing the grade evaluation method of decoction pieces， namely universality， comprehensiveness， reliability and convenience， in order to establish a more reasonable and unified grade standard for decoction pieces and promote the quality improvement of decoction pieces and the development of the industry.

Psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale ­ HIV for people living with HIV/AIDS / Validação psicométrica da versão em português brasileiro da Body Image Scale ­ HIV para pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Body Image can be defined as the mental representation of body identity. The surroundings, the gaze of the other, they emotions, they integrity, and our own fragility are elements of this representation. The social stigma caused by body changes in people living with HIV / AIDS may be more intense than the fear of death itself, being important to assess the impact of these changes in the course of treatment. Objective: To perform the psychometric validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Image Scale - HIV for a sample of Brazilians, of both sexes, living with HIV / AIDS. Methods: The total of 450 patients were recruited from the São Bernardo do Campo HIV/AIDS program, aged between 18 and 78 years. Confirmatory factor analysis using the Unweighted Least Square and listwise deletion was used to determine the adherence of the data to the models tested. Results: Adequate coefficients of internal reliability and evidence of construct validity were established for the Brazilian version of BIS-HIV in the unifactorial model. Conclusion:This scale, with evidenced psychometric qualities, provides a useful tool for quantitative investigations of body image in people with HIV/AIDS in the Brazilian context and extends the possibility of future cross-cultural research.

Introdução: a Imagem Corporal pode ser definida como a representação mental da identidade corporal. O meio que cerca o sujeito, o olhar do outro, suas emoções, a integridade e a própria fragilidade do corpo são elementos próprios desta representação. O estigma social provocado pelas alterações corporais nas pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS pode ser mais intenso que o próprio medo da morte, sendo importante acompanhar o impacto dessas alterações do decurso do tratamento.Objetivo: realizar a validação psicométrica da versão em português brasileiro da Body Image Scale ­ HIV para uma amostra de brasileiros, de ambos os sexos, vivendo com HIV/AIDS.Método: foram recrutados 450 pacientes de um ambulatório de HIV/AIDS de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil, com idades entre 18 e 78 anos. A análise fatorial confirmatória, utilizando o Unweighted Least Square e deleção listwise, foi usada para determinar a aderência dos dados aos modelos testados.Resultados: coeficientes adequados de confiabilidade interna e evidência de validade de construto foram estabelecidos para a versão brasileira da BIS-HIV no modelo unifatorial.Conclusão: a escala foi validada e com suas qualidades psicométricas evidenciadas, fornece uma ferramenta útil para investigações quantitativas da imagem corporal em pessoas com HIV/AIDS no contexto brasileiro e amplia a possibilidade de futuras pesquisas transculturais.

Relationship between Attitude towards Menstruation, Self- esteem and Social Appearance Anxiety among Indian Cis- Gendered Women who Menstruate

Introduction: Menstrual Stigma starts at a very young age and is reinforced by the media, leading to people with vaginas to view it in a negative light and often experience immense guilt and anxiety related to it. On top of this, the sexism they are exposed to takes a toll on their self-esteem and mental health. The aim of the study was to establish a relationship between Attitude towards Menstruation, Self-esteem and Social Appearance Anxiety among young Indian cis-gendered women who menstruate. Method: The study had one predictive variable, Attitudes towards Menstruation, which was measured using the Attitude towards Menstruation Scale. The study had two outcome variables namely, Self-esteem which was measured using the State Self-esteem Scale; and Social Appearance Anxiety, which was measured using Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. The data was collected from 121 young cis-gendered women who could menstruate and resided in Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai. The data was analyzed using two regression analyses on the predictive variable and outcome variables; and one Pearson’s correlation between the outcome variables. Result: There seems to be no relationship between the predictive and outcome variables. Attitude towards menstruation seems to be affected by several factors such as menstrual experience, level of discrimination, social support received and diagnosis of menstrual ailments. There seems to be a negative relationship between self-esteem and social appearance anxiety. Conclusion: This finding highlights a potential for therapeutic and psychoeducation interventions development for the masses.

O reconhecimento e o aparecimento público como determinantes para a saúde: diálogos com mulheres transexuais e trabalhadores(as) da saúde / The recognition and public appearance as determinants of health: dialogues with transsexual women and health workers

Resumo O acesso à saúde e os elementos do processo saúde-doença da população trans são analisados neste artigo a partir das categorias de análise Reconhecimento e Aparecimento Público de Judith Butler. Partimos da análise de entrevistas com nove mulheres transexuais e sete trabalhadoras(es) de um mesmo serviço de referência para o Processo Transexualizador do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Argumentamos que processos de discriminação e desrespeito ao nome social nos serviços de saúde são efeitos de políticas que regulam o reconhecimento e diferenciam pessoas e indivíduos como vidas vivíveis, a serem protegidas, e vidas que poderão ser perdidas sem a proteção dos serviços de saúde. Tais políticas permeiam os processos saúde-doença na medida em que modulam modos de existência baseados em normas hegemônicas de viver e existir nos gêneros e sexualidades, que podem produzir sofrimento e adoecimento. Normas alicerçadas numa referência cisheteropatriarcal e racista, que patologizam experiências e vivências não centradas na branquitude, na heteronormatividade e na cisnormatividade.

Abstract Access to health and the elements of the trans population's health-disease process are analyzed in this article based on Judith Butler's Public Appearance and Recognition analysis categories. We started from the analysis of interviews with nine transsexual women and seven workers from the same Brazilian transgender health care from the Unified Health System (SUS). We argue that processes of discrimination and disrespect for the social name in health services are effects of policies that regulate the recognition and differentiate people and individuals as liveable lives, to be protected, and lives that may be lost without the protection of health services. These policies permeate the health-disease processes insofar as they modulate modes of existence based on hegemonic norms of living and existing in genders and sexualities, which can produce suffering and illness. Norms based on the cis heteropatriarchal and racist reference, which pathologize experiences not centered on whiteness as a norm, on heteronormativity, and on cisnormativity.

Pitfalls and countermeasures in the diagnosis and treatment of the radiographic appearance seemed harmless fracture of elbow in younger children / 中华创伤杂志

The elbow is one of the most common fracture sites in children who have variable secondary ossification centers and special anatomical structures of growth plates. Considering that children of different ages have different secondary ossification centers at different times and different X-ray manifestations, their treatment principles are quite different from those of adults. Because the secondary ossification center does not appear in younger children, the anatomical alignment and linear relationship of elbow joint is unclear after minimally displaced fracture of the lateral humeral condyle, medial humeral condyle fracture, transphyseal separation of the radial neck, transphyseal separation of the distal humerus and Monteggia fracture. Therefore, this type of fracture is not easily diagnosed with X-ray film alone, which is called the radiographic appearance seemed harmless (TRASH) fracture, and can easily lead to delayed fractures, elbow joint deformity and other sequelae. Therefore, the author discusses the pitfalls and corresponding strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of TRASH fracture of elbow in younger children, so as to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of TRASH fracture of elbow.

Clinical characteristics and endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for colorectal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma / 中华消化内镜杂志

Clinical and endoscopic data of 6 patients with colorectal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma who were diagnosed by endoscopy in the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 2 males and 4 females with aged from 62 to 87 years. The lesions were located in rectum in 3 cases, transverse colon in 1 case, sigmoid colon in 1 case, and sigmoid colon and rectum in 1 case. There were 1 case of polyposis type, 2 cases of inflammation type, and 3 cases of submucosal tumor type. The "tree-like appearance (TLA)" found in 5 cases. Endoscopic resection, surgery combined with chemotherapy, Helicobacter pylori eradication and follow-up were performed on 2, 1, 1 and 2 cases, respectively. Five cases had a good prognosis after 21-73 months follow-up, and 1 case had lost to follow-up. No recurrence was found in endoscopic and imaging review. Colorectal MALT lymphoma should be considered when colonoscopy detects a submucosal lesion with TLA sign on the left colon. Endoscopic resection has the potential to be a first-line treatment in the context of early diagnosis.

Associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em escolares do sul do brasil / Association between body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric indicators of obesity in students from southern brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal, por excesso de peso e pela magreza, e diferentes indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em adolescentes do sul do Brasil. Caracterizou-se com um estudo transversal, realizado na cidade de Criciúma ­ SC, com 575 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos. A imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio de escala de silhuetas. Os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade Índice de Massa Corporal, Relação Cintura-Estatura, Perímetro da Cintura e Índice de Conicidade foram avaliados conforme protocolo da Sociedade internacional para o Avanço da Cineantropometria. Adolescentes do sexo masculino, de 11 a 13 anos insatisfeitos pela magreza, apresentaram menores chances de ter Relação Cintura-Estatura elevada (RC: 0,1; IC95%: 0,04 - 0,51) e maiores chances de ter Índice de Conicidade elevado (RC: 4,4; IC95%:1,28-15,20) quando comparados com adolescentes satisfeitos com a imagem corporal. Adolescentes do sexo feminino, de 11 a 13 anos insatisfeitas pela magreza, apresentaram menores chances de ter Índice de Massa Corporal (RC: 0,1; IC95%: 0,02 - 0,58) e Índice de Conicidade (RC: 0,2; IC95%: 0,05 - 0,94) elevados e maiores chances de ter Relação Cintura-Estatura elevada (RC: 23,6; IC95%: 3,35-166,85) quando comparadas às adolescentes satisfeitas com a imagem corporal. Concluiu-se que existe associação entre a imagem corporal e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade para adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos, principalmente nos insatisfeitos pela magreza. No sexo masculino, distintos indicadores antropométricos de obesidade abdominal trazem interpretações distintas na associação com a imagem corporal. No sexo feminino, indica distorção da própria imagem corporal, que pode levar as adolescentes a adotarem comportamentos alimentares inadequados, levando à riscos à sua saúde. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between body image dissatisfaction due to overweight and thinness and different anthropometric indicators of obesity in adolescents from southern Brazil. Characterized as a Cross - sectional study conducted in the city of Criciúma - SC, with 575 adolescents aged 11-17 years of both sexes. Body image was assessed by a silhouette scale. Anthropometric indicators of obesity body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and conicity index were evaluated according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinantropometry protocol. Male adolescents aged 11-13 years dissatisfied due to thinness, were less likely of having high waist-to-height ratio (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.51) and more likely of having elevated conicity index (OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.28-15.20) when compared to adolescents satisfied with their body image. Female adolescents aged 11-13 years dissatisfied due to thinness were less likely of having high body mass index (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.58) and conicity index (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.94) and more likely of having high waist-to-height ratio (OR: 23.6; 95% CI: 3.35-166.85) when compared to adolescents satisfied with their body image. Concluded that there is an association between body image and anthropometric indicators of obesity for adolescents aged 11-13 years, especially those dissatisfied due to thinness. In males, different anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity bring different interpretations in association with body image. In females, it indicates distortion of their own body image, which can lead adolescents to adopt inappropriate eating behaviors, leading to health risks. (AU)