ABSTRACT
First report and morphological redescription of Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) in Brazil. This is the first report of a severe attack of Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) on Annona squamosa L. (custard apple), causing up to 80% of losses of infested trees. In order to facilitate the identification of this insect pest, the adult female of T. morio is redescribed based on specimens collected in Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brazil.
Primeiro registro e redescrição morfológica de Teleonemia morio (Stål) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) em Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) no Brazil. Este é o primeiro registro de um ataque severo de Teleonemia morio (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) em árvores de Annona squamosa L. (pinheira ou fruta-do-conde), resultando em perdas de aproximadamente 80% das plantas infestadas. Com o objetivo de facilitar a identificação deste inseto-praga, foi feita a redescrição da fêmea adulta de T. morio com base em espécimes coletados em Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas, Brasil.
ABSTRACT
Cultivation of temperate-climate fruits is economically important for Brazil. Grapholita molesta Busck is a pest that causes damage to apples, peaches, plums, and pears growing in different micro-regions of southern Brazil, and understanding its reproductive behavior is essential to develop control strategies. The objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of different temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22, and 25ºC) on the oviposition behavior of G. molesta. Females of G. molesta were placed in individual plastic containers, and the pre-oviposition period and the number of eggs laid were assessed until adult death. Temperature influenced the pre-oviposition period, and females kept at 22º were the first to lay their eggs. Oviposition occurred over a longer period of time at 13ºC than at the higher temperatures. The highest total number of eggs was obtained at 19ºC, with the mean daily oviposition being directly proportional to the temperature. There was a negative interaction between the pre-oviposition period and the total number of eggs laid by females. The most suitable temperature for oviposition of G. molesta was 19ºC.
Subject(s)
Animals , Lepidoptera/anatomy & histology , Oviposition , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Oviposition/physiology , TemperatureABSTRACT
Foram avaliadas características biológicas de fêmeas de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) linhagem bonagota com três idades sobre ovos deBonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) com cinco períodos de desenvolvimento embrionário. Ovos de B. salubricola com 0-24, 24-48, 48-72, 72-96, 96-120 horas de desenvolvimento embrionário foram oferecidos ao parasitismo por fêmeas de T. pretiosum com 0-24, 24-48 e 48-72 horas de idade, por 24 horas à 25 ± 1º C, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e 14 horas de fotofase. Fêmeas do parasitoide com 0-24 horas de vida apresentaram melhores taxas de parasitismo em ovos do hospedeiro com 24-48 horas de desenvolvimento embrionário. Fêmeas com 24-48 e 48-72 horas de vida apresentaram preferência por ovos com 0-24 horas de desenvolvimento embrionário. O percentual de emergência variou entre 20,0 e 60,0%, a razão sexual entre 0,56 e 0,85 e o número de parasitoides/ovo foi superior a um, sem diferença significativa. O ideal para programas de controle biológico de B. salubricola é utilizar o parasitoide na idade de 0-24 horas.
Biological characteristics ofTrichogramma pretiosumRiley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) strain bonagota with three ages on eggs of Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at five embryonic developmental stages was studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1º C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity and 14 hours of photophase). B. salubricola eggs with 024, 2448, 4872, 7296, 96120 hours of embryonic developmental stages were offered to T. pretiosum during 24 hours using parasitoid females with 024, 2448 and 4872 life hours. Parasitoid females with age of 0 24 hours showed a higher parasitism rate in eggs of B. salubricola with 2448 hours of embryonic development. Females with age of 2448 and 4872 hours, showed a preference for eggs with 0 24 hours of embryonic development. Adult emergence and sex ratio ranged from 20.0 to 60.0% and from 0.56 to 0.85 respectively. The number of parasitoids/egg was always more than one, ranging from 1.03 to 1.14. The ideal for a biological control program of B. salubricola using T. pretiosum strain bonagota is to use parasitoids with a maximum of 24 hours of age.
Subject(s)
Parasites , Malus/parasitology , Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/embryologyABSTRACT
Neste trabalho foi estudada a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley linhagem bonagota, em ovos de Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick), às temperaturas de 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 e 32ºC. Avaliou-se o número diário de ovos parasitados, a porcentagem acumulada de parasitismo, o número total de ovos parasitados por fêmea e a longevidade de fêmeas. O parasitismo durante as primeiras 24h oscilou de 1,6 (32ºC) a 8,8 (22ºC) ovos parasitados por fêmea de T. pretiosum. O parasitismo acumulado de ovos de B. salubricola atingiu 80 por cento no período de 1 a 4 dias a 20°C e 32ºC, respectivamente, e somente no 7º dia, a 18°C. Na faixa térmica de 18°C a 22°C foram obtidos os melhores resultados para o total de ovos parasitados por fêmea, sendo de 35,4 a 24,6, respectivamente. A longevidade média de fêmeas de T. pretiosum a 18°C e 32ºC variou de 7,8 a 2,5 dias, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram que T. pretiosum linhagem bonagota adaptou-se melhor às temperaturas entre 18°C e 22ºC.
The parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley strain bonagota on Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) eggs was studied under the temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 32ºC. The number of days with parasitism, accumulated parasitism, total number of eggs parasitized per female and parasitoid longevity was evaluated. In the first 24h, parasitism ranged from 1.6 (32ºC) to 8.8 (22ºC) eggs of B. salubricola. Accumulated egg parasitism of B. salubricola reached 80 percent in 1st to 4th day at 20ºC to 32ºC, respectively, and in the 7th day at 18°C. Temperatures from 18°C to 22°C were the best suited for the total eggs parasitized for female, resulting in 35.4 and 24.6 eggs/male respectively. T. pretiosum female longevity ranged from 7.8 to 2.5 days, at 18°C and 32ºC, respectively. The results showed that T. pretiosum strain bonagota is better adapted to temperatures from 18°C to 22ºC.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Hymenoptera/growth & development , TemperatureABSTRACT
In this paper, the distribution, host restriction, and taxonomic position of Valsa mali are discussed.