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1.
J. bras. med ; 99(1): 8-19, mar.-maio 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597340

ABSTRACT

A insuficiência hepática aguda grave (IHAG), embora seja uma entidade pouco frequente, possui letalidade que varia de 50% a 90 %, acometendo indivíduos, previamente hígidos, no que se concerne à função hepática. E caracterizada pela instalação súbita de perda das características fisiológicas dos hepatócitos, que costuma evoluir rapidamente, e está implicada no aparecimento da encefalopatia hepática, icterícia, hipoglicemia, alteracões da coagulação e insuficiência renal. A etiologia possui alta variabilidade geográfica. No Reino Unido e na América do Norte, a causa mais frequente é a intoxicação por paracetamol; no restante dos países predominam as hepatites virais, sobretudo a hepatite pelo vírus B. O tratamento da IHAG é feito em regime deUnidade de Terapia Intensiva, tendo no transplante hepático a modalidade terapêutica com melhores resultados. Considerando o comportamento agressivo e prognóstico reservado da IHAG, o cuidado a estes pacientes deve englobar a combinação da velha arte do cuidar hipocrático com a utilização dos recursos tecnológicos que a Medicina atual pode oferecer.


The severe acute liver failure (SALF), although a rare entity, whose mortality ranges from 50% to 90%, affects previously healthy individuals, in relation to liver function. It is characterized by a sudden loss of physiological characteristics of hepatocytes, which often change rapidly, and is implicated in the onset of hepatic encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, jaundice, changes in coagulation and renal failure. The etiology has high geographic variability. ln the UK and North America, the most frequent cause is paracetamol poisoning; in the remaining countries, the predominance is viral hepatitis, particularly by hepatitis B virus. Treatment of SALF is done on an intensive care unit and liver transplant is the treatment modality with better results. Considering the aggressive behavior and reserved prognosis of SALF, care to these patients should include a combination of the old Hippocratic art of care with the use of technological resources that current Medicine offers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Liver Diseases/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunosuppressive Agents/classification , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Liver Transplantation , Liver Transplantation
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2a): 316-321, June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517053

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to correlate the angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with their clinical presentation. A total of 170 patients with AVM 78 males and 92 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted in order to test the associations between morphological features and clinical presentation. The most frequent clinical presentations at diagnosis were hemorrhage in 89 (52 percent) patients, headache in 79 (46 percent), focal neurological deficit in 54 (32 percent), and seizure in 52 (31 percent). According to the Spetzler-Martin classification, grade I was found in 15 patients, II in 49, III in 55, IV in 41, and grade V in 10 patients. AVM with small nidus size, single feeding artery and single draining vein were associated with hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was positively associated with Spetzler-Martin grade I and negatively with grade V. The association between seizure and large nidus size was positive, however negative with small nidus size.


O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a angioarquitetura de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas (MAV) com sua apresentação clínica. Foram estudados 170 pacientes portadores de MAV, sendo 78 do sexo feminino e 92 do masculino. Análises univariada e multivariada foram efetuadas para testar associações entre características morfológicas e quadro clínico. As principais formas de apresentação clínica no momento do diagnóstico incluíram hemorragia em 89 (52 por cento) pacientes, cefaléia em 79 (46 por cento), déficit focal em 54 (32 por cento) e convulsão em 52 (31 por cento). De acordo com a classificação de Spetzler e Martin, 15 pacientes tinham MAV grau I, 49 grau II, 55 grau III, 41 grau IV, e 10 grau V. MAV com nidus de tamanho pequeno, aferência e eferência únicas foram associados à hemorragia. Hemorragia foi positivamente associada com grau I e negativamente com grau V. A associação entre convulsão e nidus de tamanho grande foi positiva, porém negativa com nidus de tamanho pequeno.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Analysis of Variance , Cerebral Angiography , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Young Adult
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