THE NATURAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ARABIC WRITING SKILLS (AWS) ENRICH ARABIC ACQUISITION PRACTICES FOR NON-ARAB SPEAKERS

This case study was conducted on the needs of Arabic writing skills AWS for Ugandan Adults Learners UAL using the descriptive analytical method where the sample sized (n=40) was used. The researchers sought to answer, among others, a major research question about how important the AWS from UAL viewpoint are. It attempted to identify the signi?cancy of AWS from UAL viewpoint so that the researcher could engage more relevant design of Arabic writing sub- skills' content alternatives for elementary Arabic learning course EALC. The valid and reliable questionnaire namely, “The Elementary Arabic Learning Analysis Scales EALAS for UAL” with 5 Likert scales was used. On one hand, the descriptive ?ndings assert that UAL ratings for AWS interests are signi?cantly high. On another hand, the correlational ?ndings yielded by this survey indicate that the natural relationships among AWS are signi?cant. They also indicate that there is a positive natural relationship among AWS irrespective of any instructional condition. This is clear manifesto that justi?ed the feasibility of structuring EALC for UAL in which the samples of lessons are presented using AWS.

Saudi Arabia Medical Education: An Overview / 医学教育

This paper provides a brief insight into medical education in Saudi Arabia. It begins by providing an introduction and background on the country’s medical education, how it developed, how the undergraduate course is organised, and how the curriculum has changed over the years. Subsequently, undergraduate admission and the undergraduate curriculum are described in more detail. Postgraduate training is also discussed, as different scholarship programs offered to Saudi medical students and graduates. This paper highlights the similarities and differences with the Japanese medical education system.

Modulatory Effects of Leave and Fruit Extracts of Ficus sycomorus on Cytostatic and Inflammatory Mediators in Monocultures and Co-cultures of Human Keratinocyte (HaCat) and Human Monocyte (THP-1) Cell Lines

Background: Ficus sycomorus is one of the recommended antipsoriatic medicinal plants in the traditional Greco-Arab herbal medicine. However, the knowledge on its action mechanisms is limited. Aims: Cytotoxic, cytostatic, and anti-inflammatory effects of water/ethanolic extracts of Ficus sycomorus leaves and fruits were evaluated to test their role in the traditionally known antipsoriatic properties. Place and Duration of Study: All the experiments were done in the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Arab American University-Palestine in 2020. Plants were collected from the Northern region of the West Bank/Palestine during the fall months in 2019 and given (Voucher code: Pharm-PCT-1030) at An-Najah National University. Methodology: MTT assay was used to evaluate cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Ficus sycomorus extracts in human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), human monocytic cell line (THP-1)-derived macrophages, and their co-cultures. Commercial ELISA kits were applied to measure the cytokine levels. Results: Both extracts exhibited cytostatic effects with IC 50 of 656 ?g/mL and 886 ?g/mL for HaCat and co-culture, respectively. Leaves and fruits extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently the LPS-induced NO production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 65 ?M to 19 ?M and 16 ?M, respectively. The fruit extracts showed higher effects than the leaf extracts and reduced the TNF-? levels from 709 pg/mL to 208 pg/mL. The fruit extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 74 pg/mL to 90 pg/mL. Conclusion: Ficus sycomorus extracts probably exert their antipsoriatic effects through cytostatic effects and modulation of the production levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Workplace-based Interventions to Increase Mammography Screening in Islamic Countries: A Systematic Review and Narrative Summary

@#Introduction: Breast cancer is a contributing factor to women’s death. Mammography screening uptake is low in Islamic countries compared to non-Islamic countries. In Saudi Arabia, a first step is to develop an appropriate intervention at workplace to increase mammography screening rates, this review was conducted to update current knowledge on the effectiveness of existing workplace interventions to enhance mammography screening uptake in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A systematic review and narrative syntheses was conducted. All studies that assessed the effectiveness of workplace interventions to increase mammography screening uptake among female employees were included. This review was registered on PROSPERO with the number CRD42021281744. Results: Three studies were included. All the studies evaluated a workplace educational intervention aiming to increase mammography screening uptake. It was found that workplace-based interventions increase breast mammography screening uptake while the effectiveness of the existing workplace intervention remains questionable and further research is warranted to improve our understanding of how we can successfully improve mammography screening among women in Islamic countries. Conclusion: This review has demonstrated that the effectiveness of the existing workplace interventions to increase mammography screening uptake remains unclear. It was also found that no studies about workplace interventions in Islamic countries.

De la Hogra al Hirak: neocolonialismo, memoria y disidencia política juvenil en el Rif / From Hogra to Hirak: Neocolonialism, memory and youth political dissidence in the Rif / De Hogra para Hirak: Neocolonialismo, memória e dissidência política juvenis no Rif

Resumen (analítico) Las teorías sobre movimientos sociales dominantes basadas en experiencias occidentales, pero ¿en qué medida pueden ayudarnos a comprender el proceso de construcción solidaria de prácticas políticas en contextos no occidentales políticamente cerrados? Según Bayat parece imprescindible una aproximación teórica que tenga en cuenta tanto la excepcionalidad árabe como la aplicación crítica de los modelos de las ciencias sociales en otros contextos que, muchas veces, olvidan los rasgos específicos que la protesta política ha adoptado en el mundo árabe. Este artículo, en el marco del proyecto Transgang, analizará un movimiento social marroquí aparecido en el Rif en 2016, protagonizado por poblaciones en edad juvenil, atendiendo a sus especificidades culturales usando las perspectivas decoloniales. Con este análisis, se presentarán algunas conclusiones para la investigación sobre movimientos sociales juveniles en sociedades árabes.

Abstract (analytical) Dominant social movement theories are based on Western experiences, but to what extent can they help us to understand the process of solidarity construction of political practices in closed political non-Western contexts? As Bayat points out, a theoretical approach that takes into account both the Arab exceptionality and the critical application of social science models in other contexts -that often forget the specific features that political protest has adopted in the Arab World- seems essential. This article, within the framework of the Transgang project, will analyse a Moroccan social movement that appeared in the Rif in 2016, led by youth populations, attending to their cultural specificities, and using decolonial perspectives. Through this analysis, some conclusions will be presented for research on youth social movements in Arab societies.

Resumo (analítico) As teorias sobre os movimentos sociais dominantes são baseadas em experiências ocidentais. No entanto, ¿em que medida elas podem nos ajudar a compreender o processo de construção solidária de práticas políticas em contextos politicamente autoritário não-ocidentais? Bayat e a sua excepcionalidade árabe nos advertem que, nas ciências sociais, o uso de modelos epistemológicos ocidentais em contextos não-ocidentais tem frequentemente esquecido as múltiplas particularidades desses territórios, sociedades, dos processos que nelas surgem e se desenvolvem. Este artigo, no âmbito do projeto Transgang, tomará como caso de estudo um movimento social que surgiu na região do Rif em 2016 o qual foi liderado por jovens, visando analisar as suas particularidades culturais a partir de perspectivas decoloniais. Finalmente, apresentar-se-ão algumas conclusões abertas para futuras pesquisas sobre movimentos sociais juvenis nas sociedades árabes.

Development and prospect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Sultanate of Oman / 国际中医中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become an important part of the health system in the Sultanate of Oman. Although there is no independent law, the local health department has implemented the administrative measures such as the admittance assessment system of TCM doctors and the standardized examination and approval of TCM clinics. The development of TCM in the Sultanate of Oman is supported by the policies of the two governments, with the characteristics likemedical cooperation starting with high-level personnel, the cooperation in economy, trade and medical treatment, TCM and local traditional medicine showing inclusive with good base, and the advantages of TCM theory and treatment meeting the needs of the local medical market. The prospect of cooperation in TCM market is broad. It is suggested that the local government should promote the legislation of traditional medicine and improve the admittance system of practitioners. China needs to promote the formulation of international standards of TCM and optimize the cooperation platform of TCM by using Internet and other technologies. The practitioners in China need to carry out medical activities on the premise of understanding and respecting the local cultural background.In order to promote the development of TCM in Arab countries, the Sultanate of Oman will radiate the whole Middle East through the above strategies.

First report of Giardia lamblia in different animals in the United Arab Emirates

@#The aim of this study was to detect and characterize Giardia lamblia in animals in the UAE. Eighty-seven fecal samples were tested for G. lamblia using the conserved fragment of small subunit (SSU)-rRNA by nested PCR. Giardia-positive isolates were genotyped for assemblages A and B using assemblage specific primers of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. Thirty samples (34.5%) were positive for G. lamblia. Conversely, neither genotype A nor B were detected using tpi genotyping on the studied samples. Further investigations are required using higher number of samples including both human and animals in the country taking into consideration the analysis of other genotypes to provide more detailed understanding about the zoonotic transmission of this parasite.

Assessment of the Knowledge and Self-medication Practices towards Antibiotics among Future Healthcare Professionals in Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Objectives:The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and self-medication behavior among healthprofessionsstudents regarding antibiotic usage.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administrated questionnaire. A sample of 424 questionnaireswas distributed randomly among health science students of a medical university in Ajman, UAE.The questionnaire is categorized into three sections which are Socio-demographic details of the participant, knowledge and self-medication practice of antibiotic.The data was entered in MS Excel spread sheet and analyzed as per the study objectives Key Findings:Upon assessing the knowledgeof respondents,authors found85.8% of the students were familiar with the term ‘antibiotic resistance’.Half ofthe students agreedthat antibiotics treat common cold quickly.Regarding the self-medication practices,55.6% (n=236) of students reported that they always take antibioticwithout prescription. Cold and flu was the common reason for using antibiotics. Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) was the common medication used among the students. Nearly one third of the respondents (32.78%;n=139)saved theantibiotics in case of reinfection.Conclusions:In conclusion,antibiotic usage was common among study respondents. Preventive strategies, antibiotic stewardship programs, training, education programs and more restriction towards antibiotic dispensing should be implementedto avoid the misuse and antibiotic resistance.

Assessment of the quality of life of Egyptian and Tunisian autoimmune bullous diseases' patients using an Arabic version of the autoimmune bullous disease quality of life and the treatment of autoimmune bullous disease quality of life questionnaires

Abstract: Background: The Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL) and the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (TABQOL) questionnaires proved to be reliable tools that measure the disease and treatment burden. Objectives: We aimed to assess the ABQOL and TABQOL in the Arabic population. Methods: The English questionnaires were translated into the Arabic language by a certified translation agency. Eighty autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) patients were included in this study. Patients were asked to answer 2 questionnaires. After 1 week the same patients were asked to answer the same questionnaires again. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 81 years (mean=46), 19 males, 61 females. The ABQOL ranged from 0-37 (mean=16.4±9.2). The TABQOL ranged from 2-43 (mean=21.5±9.4). Test-retest reliability was acceptable, Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for ABQOL and 0.74 for TABQOL. There was no significant correlation between the age of the patients and ABQOL, r =-0.2, p value was 0.183. There was a significant negative correlation between the age of the patients and the TABQOL, r=-0.2, p value was 0.039. There was a significant negative correlation between the education of the patients and the TABQOL, r=-0.3, p value was 0.007. Study limitations: Small sample size of some AIBDs and patients with severe disease. Conclusion: Objective and valuable measurements such as ABQOL and TABQOL are now available to help physicians understand their patient's distress and should be used in every patient with AIBD. Younger and less educated patients appear to have more effects on their QOL from the treatments.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of in-home medication disposal in U.A.E.

Background: Medication disposal is one of the topics overlooked by the population in the United Arab Emirates. The present study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of public to appropriate disposal of medications in Sharjah, UAE.Methods: A cross-sectional study on randomly selected subjects was conducted using a pre-piloted questionnaire written in Arabic and English and distributed to 250 subjects. The survey was designed with 22 questions to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on safe disposal of expired medication.Results: More than half (120, 54.8 %) of the participants were females of age 17-25 (100, 45.7%) and with a university or a higher degree (124, 56.6%). A total of 131 (59.8%) of the participants reported that they do not take any precautions when disposing hazardous products and they just throw them in the general waste. Regardless of their educational level, 90 (41.1%) of the respondents believed that throwing medications in the general waste is the safest way of disposal. The majority of participants (202, 92.3%) reported that they never received counselling from pharmacists on safe disposal of expired and unused medications.Conclusions: International guidelines on safe medication disposal need to be adopted by health authorities. Providing secure collection boxes in various residential areas and increasing public awareness of medication抯 safe disposal are important steps that could be implemented in the UAE. Pharmacists should also play a major role in guiding and instructing patients on this topic.

Exploring obstetrical interventions and stratified cesarean section rates using the Robson classification in tertiary Care hospitals in the united arab emirates

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to explore obstetric management in relation to clinical, maternal and child health outcomes by using the Robson classification system. Methods Data was collected from obstetrics registries in tertiary care hospitals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results The analysis of > 5,400 deliveries (60% of all the deliveries in 2016) in major maternity hospitals in Dubai showed that groups 5, 8 and 9 of Robson's classification were the largest contributors to the overall cesarean section (CS) rate and accounted for 30% of the total CS rate. The results indicate that labor was spontaneous in 2,221 (45%) of the women and was augmented or induced in almost 1,634 cases (33%). The birth indication rate was of 64% for normal vaginal delivery, of 24% for emergency CS, and of 9% for elective CS.The rate of vaginal birth after cesarean was 261(6%), the rate of external cephalic version was 28 (0.7%), and the rate of induction was 1,168 (21.4%). The prevalence of the overall Cesarean section was 33%; with majority (53.5%) of it being repeated Cesarean section. Conclusion The CS rate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is higher than the global average rate and than the average rate in Asia, which highlights the need for more education of pregnant women and of their physicians in order to promote vaginal birth. A proper planning is needed to reduce the number of CSs in nulliparous women in order to prevent repeated CSs in the future. Monitoring both CS rates and outcomes is essential to ensure that policies, practices, and actions for the optimization of the utilization of CS lead to improved maternal and infant outcomes.

Prevalence of obesity among adults in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of obesity globally which is associated with Non Communicable Diseases. As this trend continues even in UAE we decided to focus on determining the prevalence of obesity among adults in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), UAE.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done in adults between the age group of 18 to 77 years using convenience sampling technique in 544 subjects. Anthropometric, bio chemical, clinical and demographic data was collected by direct interview for four consecutive years, i.e. from 2013 to 2016. Body Mass Index (BMI) was analyzed to classify individuals as overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9kg/m²), Obese grade I (BMI 30.0-34.9kg/m²), Obese grade II (BMI 35.0-39.9kg/m²) and obese grade III (BMI > 40.0kg/m²).Results: Data was obtained from 544 subjects and considered for analysis. Our results showed that the mean age of the study population was 39.29±13.43 years, the mean weight was 75.35±15.65 kilograms and the mean BMI was 27.62±5.43kg/m2. A total of 67.6% of the study population was either overweight or obese. The prevalence of overweight is 36.2% followed by obesity prevalence of 31.4% of which 22.8% were categorized as Grade I obese, 5.5% Grade II obese and 3.1% Grade III obese. We found that higher proportions of males were in overweight and obese category compared to females.Conclusions: The results derived from our study shows that obesity and overweight are widespread among Ras al khaimah population with the obesity prevalence of 31.4%. Hence, policy makers should focus on preparing national nutritional strategies and implement protocols to overcome this burden by giving practical solutions.

Research on the development status and suggestions of traditional Chinese medicine service trade in the United Arab Emirates / 国际中医中药杂志

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an important partner in China's The Belt and Road initiative.It has a broad prospect of pharmaceutical market which is an important market for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)'s development.TCM has existed in UAE's market in a short time,so TCM service trade in UAE has the shortcomings of small scale of the consumption and a large number of unprofessional practitioners.But it also has advantages of the good traditional medicine's inter-communion between two countries and the university jointly organization of building hospitals of TCM.This article analysizes the market opportunities and potential risks traditional Chinese medicine in UAE's market,and puts forward to remote technical power development,medical tourism to stimulate consumption abroad,strengthens the cultural and research communication,sets up guidance department to accelerate the development process of Chinese medicine.

Psoriasis as old as mankind: A Review

@#While evaluating historical aspects of medicine, Greco-Arabic period stands ahead in medical field, before the skills of the 20th century. Their great contributions to medicine by their efforts drew remedies from all across the world. Psoriasis, a skin disorder, most likely as old as mankind is mentioned in the vast classical literature. This review paper mainly highlights the contribution of physicians of Greco-Arab related with psoriasis. Their scientific observation about the disease, gave a brief description about etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of the diseases. Present physicians may not be well aware of the richness of the medical literature about psoriasis. This review gathered a rich source of medical information about the history of psoriasis from the wealth of ancient literature

Attitudes toward Help-seeking Counseling, Stigma in Arab context: A Systematic Literature Review

@#Researchers have found that most citizens of the Arab world are reluctant to look out for assistance from psychologists and counselors because of negative help-seeking attitudes. This article is a systematic review study, intends to explore the factors that affect attitudes toward counselling among citizens of the Arab region. Besides, this study is procured based on the definitions of attitudes toward psychological help-seeking, various factors affecting the attitudes, and suggestions to deal with obstacles. Electronic database was used to search for appropriate reading materials and hence, a total of 11 articles were found. Findings from different journal sources indicated that stigma, fear of self-disclosing, traditional healing methods, mental Illness conceptualization, culture and family, and religious leaders are still considered major barriers and discussed systematically. Finally, implications and suggestions for future interventional study conclude this article

Development of traditional Chinese medicine in Arab countries: present status and suggestions in the background of Belt and Road Initiative / 国际中医中药杂志

Arab countries have long tradition of using traditional medicine which enjoys mass foundation among local people. Recently, China's import and export trade of traditional medicine products with Arab countries showed an increasing trend year by year. With the implementation of the Belt and Road Strategy, Arab countries played a more important role in China's foreign trade. With the aim of promoting the spread of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Arab countries, cooperation with relevant countries shall be differentiated. The Gulf region is economically advanced with its people enjoying prosperity, where is suitable for developing TCM product and service trade. The Levant has strong advantages in traditional medicine research, where academic communication shall be frequented. Countries in north Africa enjoy profound traditional friendship with China, where are suitable for dispatching Chinese foreign aid medical team to promote TCM. Meanwhile, we are supposed to take advantage of Confucius Institute and Chinese culture centers as platforms to spread TCM culture, to strengthen cooperation with medical universities and research institutions in the target countries, to enroll more Arab students to study TCM, to develop international standard Chinese-Arabic basic nomenclature of Chinese Medicine, and to carry out Traditional Arabic & Islamic Medicine researches.

Quality Assessment of community pharmacy services provided in the United Arab Emirates: patient experience and satisfaction.

Whilst a limited number of studies have been conducted in nearby Arab countries to evaluate patients’ experiences and satisfaction with community pharmacy services provided, in the UAE, this area remains unexamined. Therefore, this study assessed patients’ experiences and satisfaction with community pharmacy services in the UAE, which can be used as an indicator to improve services. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media platforms to customers accessing community pharmacies and who are living in the UAE. The study showed that patient satisfaction regarding the two areas, which includes items on communication quality and other aspects of service delivery quality, was more than the average of Likert scale (cut point=3). However, items on satisfaction with consultation quality were a little less than the mentioned cut point. The worst experience, the one with the lowest level of satisfaction, was associated with non-Arabic or non-English speakers and participants over 60 years. The community pharmacy services provided in the UAE are seen to be traditional or product-focused with minimal or negligible pharmaceutical care provided. Therefore, unique structure strategies and health system reforms need to be introduced to follow the trend of extending community pharmacists’ roles and to meet the growing needs of patients.

Contribution of Arab countries to pharmaceutical wastewater literature: a bibliometric and comparative analysis of research output

BACKGROUND: Recently, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has been growing rapidly in many countries in the world, including in Arab countries. Pharmaceuticals reach aquatic environments and are prevalent at small concentrations in wastewater from the drug manufacturing industry and hospitals. Such presence also occurs in domestic wastewater and results from the disposal of unused and expired medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze and compare the quantity and quality of publications made by researchers in Arab countries on pharmaceutical wastewater. METHODS: To retrieve documents related to pharmaceutical wastewater, we used the Scopus database on November 21, 2015. All documents with terms related to pharmaceutical wastewater in the title or abstract were analysed. Results obtained from Arab countries were compared with those obtained from Turkey, Iran and Israel. RESULTS: Globally, a total of 6360 publications were retrieved while those from Arab countries, Iran, Turkey and Israel, were 179, 113, 96 and 54 publications respectively. The highest share of publications belonged to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with a total of 47 (26.2 %) publications, followed by Egypt (38; 21.2 %), Tunisia (17; 9.5 %) and Morocco (16; 8.9 %). The total number of citations was 1635, with a mean of 9.13 and a median (inter quartile range) of 3 (1.0–10.0). The study identified 87 (48.6 %) documents with 32 countries of international collaboration with Arab countries. It was noted that Arab researchers collaborated mainly with authors in Western Europe (54; 30.2 %), followed by authors from the Asiatic region (29; 16.2 %) and Northern America (15; 8.4 %). The most productive institution was King Saud University, KSA (13; 7.3 %), followed by the National Research Centre, Egypt (10; 7.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that KSA has the largest share of productivity on pharmaceutical wastewater research. Bibliometric analysis demonstrated that research productivity, mainly from Arab countries in pharmaceutical wastewater research, was relatively lagging behind. More research effort is required for Arab countries to catch up with those of non-Arab Middle Easter countries on pharmaceutical wastewater research.

Effectiveness of premarital screening program for thalassemia and sickle cell disorders in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

PURPOSE: Genetic disorders can be prevented by basic public health measures and activities that focus primarily on education and approaches in Primary Health Care. Premarital screening is one such approach that can identify asymptomatic carriers of hemoglobinopathies and provide genetic counseling to couples for a healthy reproductive life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders in the adult population screened as a part of the United Arab Emirates Premarital Screening Program and to measure the effectiveness of the program in decreasing high-risk marriages in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted at the RAK Primary Health Care Center, where the National Premarital Screening Program is implemented. The study included data collected from the premarital screening records of all couples who had applied for a marriage license during 2008-2015. RESULTS: Of the 17,826 individuals screened during the studied period, 4.02% (717) were diagnosed as positive for hemoglobinopathies. The prevalence of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders among the total study population was 2.98% and 1.05%, respectively. The hemoglobinopathy trait was more prevalent than the disease. Among these 8,913 couples who were issued certificates for compatibility based on screening tests, 28 (0.31%) couples were declared high-risk (unmatched). Seventy percent of these unmatched couples reported consanguineous marriages. CONCLUSION: The program was successful in achieving its objective of identifying high-risk marriages. In spite of the counseling, however, all of the high-risk couples still married each other.

The future physicians of United Arab Emirates: how do they self-medicate.

Background: Health professions have been a predictive factor for self-medication (SM). SM practices of medical students, the future practitioners will have a bearing on their impending professional practice. The aims were to identify prevalence and practice of SM among the medical students of Gulf Medical University (GMU), United Arab Emirates and to assess the associating factors. Methods: The study was planned as a cross-sectional descriptive survey among 247 medical students of GMU. Students from 1st to 5th year were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Associations were tested with Chi-square test. Results: SM with both over-the-counter medications and prescription-only medicines was practiced by 65% of students. The prevalence of SM was associated with the year of study and age. The most common sources of drugs were private pharmacies and stocks at home. The students mostly relied on themselves and parents for drug selection. The self-reliance significantly increased with year of study. Common indications for SM were headache and flu symptoms and correspondingly, analgesics and antipyretics were frequently used. A high prevalence of misuse of antibiotics was also reported. SM was 2.9 times higher (95% CI=1.502-5.620) among students belonging to families practicing SM. Conclusion: The study revealed a fairly high rate of prevalence of SM among the medical students of GMU, which was associated with age and year of study. There is a need to emphasize responsible SM practices among the medical students by accentuating rational drug use in the curricula.