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OBJECTIVE@#The present study aimed to quantify and identify the bioactive compounds of the Arbutus unedo L. leaves in order to evaluate both their antioxidant properties and litholytic activities against calcium oxalate stones.@*METHODS@#This survey was carried out using hydroalcoholic extract (E.FA) and infusion (I.FA) of A. unedo leaves. The quantification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanins was done by spectrophotometric methods and identification of chemical components was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Litholytic activity of E.FA and I.FA was studied using a special model that resembles circuitry of the urinary system.@*RESULTS@#E.FA showed greater antioxidant efficacy than I.FA (P < 0.05). Its higher efficiency was shown via the values of median inhibitory concentration, which was close to (76.14 ± 0.91) µg/mL for E.FA versus (202.64 ± 5.77) μg/mL for I.FA using the DPPH method, and (53.77 ± 0.81) μg/mL for E.FA versus (236.86 ± 31.90) μg/mL for I.FA, using FRAP method. I.FA exhibited significantly higher litholytic activity compared to E.FA (P < 0.05), with dissolution values of 31.03% ± 0.63% versus 14.55% ± 0.65%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Overall, the results suggest that the A. unedo is rich in bioactive compounds, and possesses antioxidant and litholitic abilities that are worthy of further study.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Arbutus unedo (A. unedo) leaves. Methods: In this context, the in vitro antioxidant activity was demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical and H2O2 radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and by the protection against peroxidation of b-carotene-linoleic acid in emulsion. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated first by studying the membrane of human red blood cells against different hypotonic concentrations of NaCl and against heat, inhibiting the denaturation of albumin. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid content were found respectively [(207.84 ± 15.03) mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and (13.070 ± 0.096) mg quercetin equivalent/g]. The extract displayed significant scavenging activity of some radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [IC50 at (7.956 ± 0.278) mg/mL], ?OH [IC50 = (1 015.74 ± 46.35 mg/mL)], H2O2 [IC50 = (114.77 ± 16.86) mg/mL] and showed a good antioxidant activity through ferrous ion chelating activity [IC50=(1 014.30 ± 36.21) mg/mL], ferric reducing power [IC50 = (156.55 ± 17.40) mg/mL], total antioxidant capacity [IC50 = (461.67 ± 4.16) mg/mL] and b-carotene-linoleic acid protection against peroxidation [I%=(87.04 ± 1.21)%at 1 000 mg/mL]. Conclusions: A. unedo showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation and red blood cells membrane stabilization. Our results show that aqueous leaf extract of A. unedo has good antioxidant activity and interesting anti-inflammatory properties. A. unedo aqueous extract can be used to prevent oxidative and inflammatory processes.
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Objective To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Arbutus unedo (A. unedo) leaves. Methods In this context, the in vitro antioxidant activity was demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical and H
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Introducción: en los últimos años se ha incentivado la búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos basados en los productos naturales con bastante aceptación a nivel mundial; sin embargo, para muchos de estas plantas medicinales se desconoce la toxicidad, dosis y mecanismo de acción. A. unedo, conocido como el árbol de la fresa, es ampliamente utilizado en la medicina tradicional alrededor del mundo, popularmente se le reconoce por sus propiedades diuréticas, antisépticas y su uso en enfermedades cardiovasculares e hipertensión. Objetivo: conocer la composición química y las aplicaciones biológicas de Arbutus unedo para establecer su potencial en el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas y crónicas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión exhaustiva y actualizada entre 1999 a 2014 en diferentes bases de datos como Science Direct, Scopus, Ebsco, PubMed y SciELO, que permitió identificar los principales compuestos químicos y la actividad biológica de extractos de diferentes órganos de A. unedo. Resultados: la revisión permitió determinar la riqueza química en cuanto a compuestos fenólicos y la variedad de actividades biológicas que presenta esta especie y amplía la posibilidad de su uso como fuente de compuestos antioxidantes, antibacteriales, antihipertensivos, antiaterogénicos y antiagregante plaquetario, entre otros. Conclusión: la riqueza química, los reportes sobre el bajo reporte de efectos adversos en seres humanos, la presencia de vitaminas, flavonoides, carotenoides y taninos convierte a la planta en una fuente potencial para la obtención de fitofármacos útiles en la prevención y el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades. Se debe continuar con investigaciones biodirigidas que identifiquen principios activos para el desarrollo de antibióticos, antioxidantes, antihipertensivos y antiinflamatorios de origen natural(AU)
Introduction: in recent years, there has been encouragement for the search of new treatments based on natural products with rather good acceptance worldwide; however, toxicity, dose and mechanism of action of many of these plants are unknown. Arbutus unedo, known as the strawberry tree, is widely used in traditional medicine around the world, popularly known for its diuretic, antiseptic properties and its use in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension Objective: to determine the chemical composition and biological applications of Arbutus unedo to establish its potential for treatment of chronic infectious diseases. Methods: comprehensive and updated review was conducted from 1999 to 2014 in different databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Ebsco, PubMed and SciELO; it served to identify the main chemical compounds and the biological activity of extracts from different A. unedo parts. Results: ihe review allowed us to determine the chemical wealth in terms of phenolic compounds and the variety of biological activities presented by this species which expands the possibilities of using it as a source of antioxidants, antibacterial, antihypertensive, anti-atherogenic and antiplatelet compounds, among others. Conclusion: chemical richness, reports on few adverse effects in human beings, existence of vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and tannins turn this plant into a potential source of useful phytodrugs for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. It is necessary to continue performing bio-directed research to identify active principles for the development of antibiotics, antioxidants, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs of natural origin(AU)