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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(2): 617-633, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-843302

ABSTRACT

ResumenArca zebra, es un molusco de importancia comercial, cuya pesquería tiene un alto impacto socioeconómico en la región nororiental de Venezuela. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el esfuerzo reproductivo (ER), índice de engorde (iE) y el rendimiento (R) en A. zebra por grupos de longitud (LT) en el morro de Chacopata, península de Araya, Venezuela entre junio 2008 y junio 2009. Los organismos fueron distribuidos en tres grupos de longitud: i (30.1 a 50.0 mm), ii (50.1 a 70.0 mm) y iii (>70.0 mm). Mensualmente se determinó el ER, iE y R basados en las variaciones del volumen de la carne fresca (VCF), volumen intervalvar (ViV), biomasa seca de la gónada (PSg), biomasa seca del organismo sin gónada (PSs), biomasa fresca de la carne (BCF) y biomasa total del organismo incluyendo la concha (BTiC). Las variables ambientales temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, seston total, orgánico e inorgánico y la clorofila a se midieron mensualmente. Existe gran variación en el PSg entre los grupos de longitud, siendo relevante en el ii y iii, con un aumento desde junio hasta finales de septiembre 2008 y una disminución notable en octubre 2008, para luego recuperarse en los meses siguientes y descender en enero 2009, con un ligero incremento hasta mayo 2009 que se asoció a las variaciones de la temperatura del mar. El peso de la gónada (PSg) influyó sobre el ER, IE y R, ya que estos alcanzaron sus máximos valores en los meses donde hubo mayor producción gonádica, indicando la influencia que ejerce la temperatura en la reproducción de A. zebra.


AbstractArca zebra is a mollusk of commercial value and a major socioeconomic fishery in Northeastern Venezuela. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive effort (RE), fattening index (Fi) and yield (Y) in different size groups of A. zebra from the morro Chacopata, Venezuela. For this, monthly samplings from June 2008 and June 2009, were undertaken, and the bivalves obtained were distributed in three length groups: i (30.1 to 50.0 mm), ii (50.1 to 70.0 mm) and iii (> 70.0 mm). Monthly RE, Fi and Y were determined based on bivalve changes in volume of fresh meat (VFM), intervalvar volume (iV), dry gonad biomass (DW), dry biomass of the organism without gonad (DWs), fresh biomass of meat (FBM) and total biomass including shell (TBiS). Besides, environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total organic and inorganic seston and chlorophyll a were measured monthly. There was great variation in the DW between length groups (relevant for ii and iii): increased from June until late September 2008, was followed by a marked decrease in October 2008, recovered in the following months, and decreased in January 2009, with a slight increase until May 2009; these changes were associated with variations in sea temperature. The weight of the gonad (DW) influenced the RE, Fi and Y, as these reached their peaks in the months where there was higher gonadal production, indicating the influence of temperature on A. zebra reproduction. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 617-633. Epub 2016 June 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arcidae/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons , Temperature , Venezuela , Weight Gain/physiology , Aquaculture , Environment , Arcidae/growth & development
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(2): 669-682, Jun. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675459

ABSTRACT

Bivalve aggregations constitute a microhabitat for a wide variety of organisms in intertidal, subtidal and deep-water marine benthic habitats. Increase in density of bivalve beds could offer more crevices and substratum for the associated fauna, affecting community composition. Beds of the Atlantic Pearl Oyster (Pinctada imbricata) and the Turkey Wing (Arca zebra) of contrasting population densities were evaluated to determine the composition and structure of the associated macrofauna of three taxa (Crustacea Decapoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata). We evaluated plots of three levels of bed density in both species, the associated fauna were identified and counted. Other species were collected by qualitative samples. Univariate and multivariate descriptors were tested comparing the associated fauna between the beds of two species at three levels of density. In these beds a total of 104 species belonging to 58 families were recorded. Mithraculus forceps (Majidae), Crucibulum auricula (Calyptraeidae) and Ophiotrix angulata (Ophiothrichidae) were the most common species found in these assemblages. The medium and high-density bivalve beds exhibited greater species number, abundance, Shannon diversity, evenness, taxonomic diversity, and taxonomic distinctness of associated fauna, than low-density bivalve beds. Moreover, multivariate analysis detected different assemblages of associated fauna between beds with different densities. Additionally, similarities were found in the communities of macrofauna in both beds of P. imbricata and Arca zebra. Our results suggest that bivalve aggregations at Cubagua Island provide additional habitat for macrofauna living in other shallow habitats such as Thalassia beds, corals and rocky environments. Bed density, associated with topographic complexity, represents an important factor for the composition and complexity of the associated fauna.


Las agregaciones de bivalvos constituyen un microhábitat para una gran variedad de organismos en el ambiente intermareal, submareal y en aguas profundas. Agregaciones de la ostra perla (Pinctada imbricata) y pepitona (Arca zebra) a diferentes densidades poblacionales se evaluaron para determinar la composición y estructura comunitaria de la macrofauna asociada en tres taxa (Crustacea Decapoda, Mollusca y Echinodermata). La hipótesis nula de no diferencias en descriptores univariados y multivariados fue probada comparando la fauna asociada entre las agregaciones de las dos especies a tres niveles de densidad. En estas agregaciones se identificaron 102 especies de 55 familias. Mithraculus forceps (Majidae), Crucibulum auricula (Calyptraeidae) y Ophiotrix angulata (Ophiothrichidae) fueron las especies más comunes encontradas en estas asociaciones. Las densidades medias y altas de las agregaciones de bivalvos presentaron mayor número de especies, abundancia, diversidad de Shannon, equidad, diversidad taxonómica y distinción taxonómica de la fauna asociada que las agregaciones de baja densidad poblacional. Análisis multivariados detectaron diferentes estructuras de los ensambles de la fauna asociada en agregaciones de bivalvos con densidad baja en comparación con los de densidad media y alta. Adicionalmente no se detectaron diferencias en la fauna asociada entre las especies. La densidad de las agregaciones de bivalvos, asociada a la complejidad topográfica, es un factor importante para la composición de la fauna asociada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bivalvia/classification , Decapoda/classification , Ecosystem , Echinodermata/classification , Biodiversity , Mollusca/classification , Population Density , Venezuela
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