ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus (C. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods A total of 300 g of fresh or dry (leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg albumin-induced paw edema. Results The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GC–MS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone (37.5%), linalool (3.2%–29.6%), northujane (4.4%–16.8%), verbenone (13.5%), naphthalene (1.7%–9.6%), δ-cadinene (0.5%–8.1%), hedycaryol (5.4%–7.6%) and α-eudesmol (6.5%–6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. Conclusions The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus (C. validus) leaves and flowers.@*METHODS@#A total of 300 g of fresh or dry (leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg albumin-induced paw edema.@*RESULTS@#The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GC-MS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone (37.5%), linalool (3.2%-29.6%), northujane (4.4%-16.8%), verbenone (13.5%), naphthalene (1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene (0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol (5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol (6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a new method for quantitative analysis on multi-components by single marker (QAMS) and validate its feasibility and technical adaptability in analysis on Shuangqing Yanhou Tablets (SYTs) for the simultaneous determination of 10 main constituents (citric acid, gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, and artemisia ketone). Methods: Using SYTs as objects and the above 10 constituents as indexes, three correction methods were used to establish the relative correction factor (fk/s) between each component and gallic acid, respectively then to calculate the amount of each component and finally to achieve QAMS. At the same time, the external reference method and regression equation method were used to determine the amounts of the above 10 constituents, to compare the difference between the calculated and real data of the three fk/s, and to validate the correctness and adaptability of QAMS. Results: No significant difference was found in the quantitative results of 10 active constituents in three batches of SYTs determined by the calculated and real data. Conclusion: The QAMS by three correction methods is feasible and accurate to evaluate the contents of the 10 constituents in SYTs.