ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial, su prevalencia y análisis multivariable en los conductores de taxis de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, 2014.Materiales y métodos: Estudio de prevalencia de corte transversal, desarrollado en conductores de taxis residentes en Cuenca - Ecua-dor. Con un universo de 3 594 taxistas, para la definición del tamaño de la muestra se consideró error de estimativa de 5% y confiabilidad y precisión de la muestra en 95%, acrecidos 15% para posibles pérdidas, resultando en 377 individuos. Previo consentimiento informado y para la obtención de los datos, se realizó la medición de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y presión arterial, además se aplicó un formulario para determinar los posibles facto-res de riesgo. La información se analizó con el software SPSS 18.0.Resultados: La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue del 15.6%. Se asoció positivamente a: edad >45 años (razón de prevalencia - RP: 2.23, intervalo de confianza - IC (95%): 1.22- 4.06, p=0.005), índice de masa corporal >25 (RP: 3.19, IC: 1.19- 8.51, p=0.010), antecedentes familiares (RP 3.01. (IC: 1.83-4.96) y p=0.000), consumir más de 5 comidas al día (RP 3.50, IC: 2.22-5.50 y p= 0.000), agregar sal extra a la comida preparada (RP 2.00 IC: 1.26-3.18 y p=0.003), trabajar más de 8 horas (RP 1.51, IC: 1.32-1.81 y p = 0.005), estrés (RP 2.15, IC: 1.36- 3.41 y p= 0.001). Conclusión: La prevalencia de HTA en taxis-tas fue del 15.6%. Se determinó asociación significativa entre la HTA y factores de riesgo: IMC>25, antecedentes familiares, consumir >5 comidas al día, agregar sal extra a la co-mida preparada, trabajar >8 horas, inactivi-dad y estrés.
Objective: To determine risk factors for hypertension, its prevalence and multivariable analysis in taxi drivers in Cuenca - Ecuador, 2014.Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional prevalence study, developed in taxis drivers' residents in Cuenca - Ecuador. With a universe of 3,594 taxi drivers, for defining the sample size, it was estimated an error of 5% and reliability and accuracy of the sample it was considered in 95%, a 15% accreted for possible losses, resulting in 377 individuals. Prior informed consent and to obtain data, measuring weight, height, body mass index and blood pressure were carried out and a form was applied to determine the possible risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 15.6%. It was associated positively: age> 45 years (prevalence ratio - RP: 2.23, confidence interval - CI (95%): 1.22- 4.06, p = 0.005), body mass index> 25 (RP: 3.19, CI: 1.19- 8.51, p = 0.010), family history (RP 3.01 (CI. 1.83-4.96) p = 0.000), consuming more than 5 meals a day (RP 3.50, CI: 2.22-5.50 p = 0.000), add extra salt to prepared food (RP 2.00 CI: 1.26-3.18 p = 0.003), work more than 8 hours (RP 1.51, CI: 1.32-1.81 p = 0.005), stress (RP 2.15, CI: 1.36- 3.41 and p = 0.001 ).Cconclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in taxi drivers was 15.6%. A significant association between hypertension and risk factors were determined: BMI> 25, family history, consuming> 5 meals a day, adding extra salt to prepared food, work> 8 hours, inactivity and stress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Hypertension , Feeding Behavior , Arterial Pressure , Life StyleABSTRACT
A pressão arterial central (PAC) é o valor de pressão obtido na aorta ou nos demais vasos centrais. A ejeção ventricular gera uma onda de pulso que é transmitida pela árvore arterial e refletida na periferia, voltando em direção ao coração. A análise não-invasiva desta onda permite calcular a PAC e outros parâmetros relacionados a circulação central e rigidez arterial. O interesse pela PAC cresceu muito após o desenvolvimento de métodos não-invasivos e confiáveis para sua determinação. Desta forma, é crescente o número de publicações sobre o assunto, demonstrando que a PAC se correlaciona muito bem tanto com desfechos subclínicos, como p. ex. a extensão da aterosclerose coronária e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, quanto com eventos cardiovasculares maiores e mortalidade. Em geral, esta correlação é mais intensa que com a pressão braquial convencional. A relação entre a PA central e periférica também pode ser muito útil. Fisiologicamente existe um aumento da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e da pressão de pulso (PP) da circulação central para a periférica. Uma menor amplificação da pressão, que está relacionada a rigidez arterial, também se associa com desfechos negativos. Neste artigo descreveremos os principais estudos que demonstram ser a PAC um fator de risco independente para eventos cardiovasculares e mortalidade cardiovascular e global.
Central blood pressure (CBP) is the pressure obtained at the aortic root or other central vessels. The left ventricular ejection create a pulse wave that travels through the arterial tree and is reflected at the peripheral circulation, going back towards the heart. This pulse wave can be analyzed non-invasively to calculate CBP and other parameters of central circulation. The interest on CBP has greatly increased after the development of these non-invasive and reliable methods to its assessment. Therefore, the number of publications regarding this matter has greatly increased. They demonstrate that CBP has a good correlation with subclinical outcomes as the extent of coronary atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as major cardiovascular events and mortality. On an overview, outcomes better relate to CBP than conventional brachial blood pressure. The relation between CBP and peripheral blood pressure can also be useful. There is a physiological increase of the systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure from the central circulation towards the peripheral circulation, which can be reduced by arterial stiffness. This lesser pressure amplification correlates directly to arterial stiffness and negative outcomes. The major studies that demonstrated that CBP is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death and mortality for all causes, will be discussed in this article.