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Objective To explore the correlation between arterial total compliance indices, stroke volume/pulse pressure (SV/PP), SV adjusted by body surface area/PP (SV′/PP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and investigate the value of SV/PP, SV′/PP in the evaluation of clinical arterial stiffness (AS). Methods Forty-five hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University from March to December 2016 were included in this study (CHD group). Forty-five healthy volunteers who took a health checkup in Tangdu Hospital at the same period were also included as healthy controls. SV was measured by echocardiography, and the PP was calculated through traditional blood pressure measurement. Body surface area was calculated by Du Bois formula. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. Unpaired t test was used to compare the AS indices between CHD group and healthy controls. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between SV/PP, SV′/PP and carotid-femoral PWV.Results SV/PP, SV′/PP were decreased [(1.23±0.26) ml/mmHg vs(1.37±0.27) ml/mmHg, (0.66±0.13) ml/m2?mmHg vs(0.74±0.15) ml/m2?mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa], carotid-femoral PWV was increased [(9.49±2.05) m/s vs(8.16±1.07) m/s] in CHD patients when compared with control group with statistical significance (t=2.0971,P<0.05;t=2.1643,P<0.05;t=2.8321,P<0.01, respectively). Both SV/PP and SV′/PP in healthy controls and CHD group inversely correlated with the corresponding Carotid-femoral PWV (healthy controls:r=-0.64,-0.56, bothP<0.001; CHD group:r=-0.53, P=0.0002,r=0.61,P<0.001). While SV′/PP showed a stronger correlation with carotid-femoral PWV. Conclusions Arterial total compliance decreases and AS increases in CHD patients compared with healthy controls. SV/PP, derived from echocardiography and blood pressure measurement, correlates with carotid-femoral PWV, the″golden standard″ index of AS. After adjusted by body surface area, SV′/PP correlates more strongly with carotid-femoral PWV. SV/PP and SV′/PP are expected to provide a simple and convenient way for clinical noninvasive AS evaluation.
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With advancing age, large conduit arteries (e.g., the aorta and carotid arteries) lose their ability to distend in response to fluctuations in arterial pressure. The impaired buffering or compliance function of the arteries contributes to a number of cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems disorders, including increased systolic blood pressure and aortic impedance, decreased coronary perfusion, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a blunting of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. Because of the clinical significance of this function, a number of methods have been developed to characterize the elastic property of the arteries. However, there is no consensus as to which method should be used. In regard to the prevention of arterial stiffening, mounting evidence suggests that regular physical activity could retard age-related arterial stiffening. The purpose of this review is to introduce methodologies used to derive arterial stiffness, to describe clinical significance of this measure, and to review the impacts of habitual physical activity on central artery stiffness.
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Increased carotid arterial stiffness is associated with a risk factor of congestive heart failure. Thus factors that affect carotid arterial stiffness are of both physiological and clinical interest. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of regular aerobic exercise and menstrual cycle on carotid arterial stiffness in young female. The carotid β-stiffness index, an index of carotid arterial stiffness, was assessed in eight young female athletes (20.5 ± 0.4 years) and ten young female control subjects (21.3 ± 0.7 years). The carotid β-stiffness index was determined using ultrasound images of the common carotid artery with simultaneous recording of carotid arterial blood pressure by applanation tonometry. There was no difference in carotid β-stiffness index between the control and the athlete group both at the early follicular and the pre-ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle. On the other hand, the carotid β-stiffness index decreased from the early follicular phase to the pre-ovulation phase both in the control and the athlete group. These results suggest that carotid arterial stiffness in young females is not affected by regular aerobic exercise, but changes with the menstrual cycle, irrespective of exercise status.
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In this study, the effects of blood glucose and blood pressure on the compliance of large and small arteries were investigated. The results showed that arterial compliances of both large and small arteries were decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus. In non-diabetic patients with well controlled blood pressure, the compliance of small arteries was markedly improved. These results suggested that both blood glucose and blood pressure affected arterial compliance.
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@#Objective To investigate the correlation between the arterial compliance and insulin resistance in the prehypertensive people.Methods 30 healthy persons,36 prehypertensive persons and 46 hypertensive patients were measured Cl and C2 using CVProfilor DO-2020 and determined insulin sensitivity with HOMA-IR.Results Adjusted for the age and the course of disease,C1 and C2 decreased in hypertensive patients compared with that of the healthy and prehypertensive people(P<0.05);C2 decreased in prehypertensive people compared with the healthy groups(P<0.05).HOMA-IR increased in hypertensive patients and prehypertensive people compared with the healthy groups(P<0.05).There was significant correlation between HOMA-IR and C2 in prehypertensive people.Conclusion Small arterial compliance decrease and insulin resistance can be found with negatively correlation in prehypertensive people.
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Objective To investigate the vascular compliance markers (C1 and C2) and pulse wave velocity in relative with other physiological indexes in a cohort of young normotensive people in Beijing. Methods Two hundred and seventy normotensive volunteers (112 men and 158 women aged 16 to 30 years) were invovled,completed questionnaires of demographic information. Large (C1) and small (C2) arterial compliance were derived from arterial pulse wave contour analysis. Pulse wave velocity(carotid-femoral PWV and carotid-radial PWV)was determined by Complior SP. Results In both male and female C1 correlated positively with height and weight,and negatively with systolic(SBP),mean arterial blood pressure(MAP),pulse pressure(PP),and heart rate(HR),in which PP showed the best correlation with C1;C2 was inversely related with SBP,diastolic blood pressure(DBP),MAP and HR,in which SBP showed the best correlation with C2;cfPWV correlated positively with DBP and age,crPWV correlated positively with age,DBP,height and weight. Conclusion Blood pressure,heart rate were the important influential factors of large and small arterial compliance in both males and females,while diastolic blood pressure was determinant for pulse wave velocity.
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Objective To investigate the changes of compliance in large arteries and carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT)in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods There were 64 patients with metabolic syndrome and 56 age-matched control subjects.Their carotid-femoral pulse wave velocities(C-FPWV)were measured by the Complior SP and their carotid artery IMT were detected by B-mode ultrasound.At the same time their height,weight,waist circumstance,hip girth,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid,BMI and waist to hip ratio(WHR)were measured.Results Compared with the control,the patients with metabolic syndrome had higher C-FPWV(P
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Arterial compliance progressively decreases with aging. This aging-induced reduction of arterial compliance causes an increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP), whereas regular exercise increases arterial compliance. We hypothesized that an increase in daily physical activity (DPA) produces a beneficial effect on systemic arterial compliance (SAC ; an index of central arterial compliance) and this phenomenon could decrease SBP in the elderly. We investigated the relationship among DPA, SAC, SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and some other risk factors for cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular events (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and HOMA-R) cross-sectionally in 127 elderly persons (42 male, 85 female : aged 74±4 years) . The DPA was estimated by expended calories using an accelerometer. The SAC was calculated from a finger pulse pressure waveform recorded by using PORTAPRES ; and stroke volume obtained from the same pressure waveform based on the volume-clump method. The analyses demonstrated that SBP was directly and decreasingly affected by SAC, and that DPA had an increasing effect on SAC. Furthermore, SBP was directly and increasingly affected by DBP, and DBP was directly and decreasingly affected by both SAC and DPA. Therefore, it is considered that DPA may have suppressive effects on the rise of SBP through the indirect effects of changing SAC and DBP. These findings suggest that an increase in DPA could improve the age-induced reduction of arterial compliance and rise of SBP in elderly humans.
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Several lines of evidence, including epidemiological, clinical trial and basic science, suggest the plausability of a causal, inverse relationship between phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant compounds that have 2-phenylnaphthalene-type chemical structures similar to those of estrogens. they are simply divided into three main classes, isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans. The majority of phytoestrogens found in typical human diets are the isoflavones and lignans. This review provides an overview of the potential sources and bio-availability of the phytoestrogens particularly isoflavones, and discusses their beneficial effects on cardiovascular system, i.e. on atherosclerosis, hypercholestrolemia, arterial compliance, and blood pressure.
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Phytoestrogens , Cardiovascular DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Arterial compliance (AC) reflects the buffering function of the vessel. Low AC caused by arterial stiffness increases pulse pressure amplitude. Therefore, Low AC must be correlated with high cardiovascular mobidity and mortality in HD patients. Dialysate calcium concentration is potentially a main determinant of serum ionized calcium level and the vasoconstriction is associated with high calcium concentration. Therefore, We conducted a study for evaluation of the interdialytic effects of treatment with a low dialysate calcium (LdCa) concentration and high dialysate calcium (HdCa) concentration on the changes of AC, BP, biochemical parameters. METHODS: Eight HD patient (mean age 45.5, sex ratio 1 : 1) were studied. The mean HD period was 3 years. Arterial Compliance, stroke Volume, SBP, DBP, PP, MAP, Ionized Ca, T-CO2, P and CaxP product were compared after treatment with a LdCa and HdCa concentration for each 10 sessions. RESULTS: AC were 0.143+/-0.076 mm2/kPa in baseline, 0.166+/-0.097 mm2/kPa in LdCa (1.25 mmol/L) dialysate, 0.142+/-0.082 mm2/kPa in HdCa (1.75 mmol/L) dialysate. SBP, DBP, MAP and PP were 157.75+/-15.97, 94.25+/-9.48, 114.12+/-10.56, 63.50+/-10.87 mmHg in baseline and 135.25+/-13.00, 78.75+/-11.24, 98.37+/-15.14, 56.50+/-5.95 mmHg in LdCa dialysate and 160.50+/-15.36, 94.05+/-10.34, 115.75+/-9.64, 62.00+/-15.71 mmHg in HdCa dialysate. Ionized Ca were 4.66+/-0.40 mg/dL in baseline, 4.45+/-0.28 mg/dL in LdCa dialysate and 4.65+/-0.43 mg/dL in HdCa dialysate. However, there were no changes of other biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Treatment with LdCa dialysis, by minimizing the risk for LdCa-induced hypocalcemia, may have a beneficial role in the prevention of the ongoing reduction of arterial compliance in HD patients and thus improve cardiovascular prognosis.