ABSTRACT
Introdução: A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) sem a parada cardíaca e sem o uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), pode reduzir o número de complicações relacionadas à técnica tradicionalmente executada, utilizando a CEC. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados iniciais em grupos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com e sem circulação extracorpórea. Método: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo, com 183 pacientes submetidos à CRM com CEC e sem CEC, operados entre janeiro de 2009 e janeiro de 2013. As variáveis qualitativas foram descritas em frequências absolutas e relativas, enquanto as variáveis quantitativas, em médias e desvios-padrão. Os testes qui-quadrado ou prova exata de Fischer foram utilizados para testar a homogeneidade de proporções. Resultados: A idade média foi de 61,13 ± 8,45 anos no grupo com CEC e 61,41 ± 9,49 anos no grupo sem CEC. A maior parte dos procedimentos foi realizada em pacientes sexo masculino (64,44% e 74,19% nos grupos com CEC e sem CEC, respectivamente). Houve predomínio no grupo sem CEC na história de intervenção coronariana percutânea (p=0,029), uso prévio de antiagregantes (p=0,006) no grupo com CEC, e número de artérias acometidas com predomínio monoarterial no grupo sem CEC (p<0,001) e triarterial no grupo com CEC (p<0,001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no tempo de internação em UTI, internação hospitalar, complicações intra-hospitalares e número de óbitos. Conclusão: A cirurgia de revascularização sem CEC não demonstrou resultados superiores de morbi-mortalidade inicial em relação aos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia com CEC, indicando que ambas as técnicas são igualmente eficientes e seguras.
Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG), might reduce the number of complications as compared with CABG performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump CABG). Objective: To compare the early clinical outcomes in patients scheduled for elective CABG of either on-pump or off-pump procedures. Methods: We selected 183 patients in a observational transversal retrospective study, from January 2009 through to January 2013. Qualitative variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies, while quantitative variables as means and standard deviations. The chi-square or Fischer exact test were used to test the homogeneity of proportions. Results: The mean age was 61.13±8.45 years for on-pump group and 61.41±9.49 years for off-pump group. There was dominance for male patients (64.44% and 74.19% for on-pump and off-pump procedures, respectively). There was significant difference in previous percutaneous coronary intervention (p=0.029) in Control group, use of antiplatelet agent before surgery (p=0.006) on Case group and number of diseased vessels, one-vessel for Control group (p<0.001) and three-vessels for Case group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Coronary-artery bypass grafting performed without cardiopulmonary bypass did not show superior results of initial morbidity and mortality compared to patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, indicating that both techniques are equally efficient and safe.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: O valor prognóstico da capacidade de exercício em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) necessita de esclarecimentos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a capacidade de exercício e o seu valor prognóstico em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana, submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica eletiva. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes e 29 controles. Dois incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) e dois testes de caminhada de 6 min (TC6) foram realizados randomicamente em dias alternados. A força de preensão manual (FPM) foi também avaliada. RESULTADOS: A FPM em valores percentuais (78,4 ± 16 vs. 97,2 ± 15%), o TC6 em metros (412 ± 79 vs. 601 ± 7 m) e em valores percentuais (72 ± 13 vs. 110 ± 11%) e o ISWT em metros (257 ± 90 vs. 517 ± 138 m) e em valores percentuais (53 ± 16 vs. 108 ± 16%) foram significativamente (p < 0,05) inferiores nos pacientes. Onze pacientes apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias (grupo C) e dez evoluíram bem (grupo SC). O grupo C apresentou idade mais avançada (57 ± 6 vs. 71 ± 7 anos; p < 0,05), FPM inferior (33 ± 6 vs. 41 ± 9 kgf) e ISWT inferior (208 ± 81 vs. 311 ± 66 m). Não houve diferenças significativas para o TC6. A regressão logística selecionou o ISWT como determinante do prognóstico dos pacientes (p = 0,04). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes à espera de CRM eletiva apresentam significativa redução da capacidade de exercício e o ISWT apresentou valor prognóstico significativo discriminando os pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias.
INTRODUCTION: The prognostic value of exercise capacity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) needs clarification. OBJECTIVES: To assess exercise capacity and its prognostic value in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 21 patients and 29 controls. Two incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and two tests of 6-min walk test (6MWT) were performed randomly on alternate days. The handgrip strength (FPM) was also evaluated. RESULTS: The FPM in percentages (78.4 ± 16 vs. 97.2 ± 15%), the 6MWT in meters (412 ± 79 vs. 601 ± 7 m) and percentage values (72 ± 13 vs. 110 ± 11%) and the ISWT in meters (257 ± 90 vs. 517 ± 138 m) and percentage values (53 ± 16 vs. 108 ± 16%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in patients. Eleven patients had postoperative complications (group C) and 10 had a good outcome (group SC). The group C showed significantly (p < 0.05), older age (57 ± 6 vs. 71 ± 7 years old), FPM lower (33 ± 6 vs. 9 ± 41 kgf) and ISWT lower (208 ± 81 vs. 311 ± 66 m). There were no significant differences for the 6MWT. Logistic regression analysis comparing the ISWT and 6MWT selected ISWT as a determinant of prognosis of patients (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Patients waiting for elective CABG have significantly reduced exercise capacity and ISWT had significant prognostic value discriminating patients with postoperative complications.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Myocardial RevascularizationABSTRACT
El estudio de perfusión miocárdica mediante tomografía computada por emisión de fotón único es una técnica ampliamente aceptada con alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Una de las limitaciones de esta técnica es el diagnóstico de enfermedad trivascular, debido al fenómeno de hipoperfusión global balanceada. La adición de los estudios con tomografía por emisión de positrones, permite no sólo el análisis de la perfusión y de la función ventricular, sino también la cuantificación del flujo coronario en mL/g/min de tejido miocárdico y por lo tanto, la determinación de la reserva de flujo coronario, la cual se ha relacionado claramente con la presencia de estenosis coronaria. El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar a través de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura médica, la importancia del estudio del flujo coronario de forma no invasiva en los pacientes con enfermedad trivascular.
The study of patients with coronary artery disease by means of gated SPECT has been well established. One of the major limitations of this technique is the detection of myocardial perfusion defects in the presence of multivessel or three-vessel coronary artery disease due to balanced ischemia. Quantification of myocardial blood flow by positron emission tomography allows not only to study cardiac perfusion and function but also to determine the coronary flow reserve which has a better correlation with significant stenosis in patients with trivascular disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate through a case report and literature review the importance of performing quantification of coronary blood flow in this group of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Circulation , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Coronary Artery Disease , Positron-Emission Tomography , Regional Blood FlowABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the benefits of the cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Between 1986 and 1995 we studied 49 patients with CAD, participants of the CRP, 45 (91.83) of them men. They were compared with a control group of 37 sedentary patients, 33 (89.18) men. The main parameters analyzed were the duration of exercise, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), the metabolic equivalent (MET), the functional aerobic impairment (FAI) and the change in the classification of the cardiorespiratory capacity between two graded exercise tests (GTX). RESULTS: There were improvements in all parameters of the GTX analyzed in the two groups. The patients of the CRP presented a better functional capacity than the sedentary patients and, in relation to the duration of exercise, to the VO2 max and to the MET, the differences in the two groups achieved statistical significance (p < 0.05). We did not observe benefits, in relation to the physical conditioning, with a more prolonged permanence of the patients in the program (more than 24 months). There were no cardiovascular complications with the practice of the exercise in the period analyzed. CONCLUSION: The improvement in the duration of exercise, in the VO2 max and in the MET, the more negative variation in the FAI and the improvement in the classification of the cardiorespiratory capacity between the two GTX of the patients of the CRP demonstrate improvement in functional capacity significantly better than sedentary patients. The CRP analyzed was considered a therapeutic method safe and efficient after a coronary event.