ABSTRACT
A four year old boy was admitted to the hospital due to an open skull fracture and severe cerebral contusion with acute subdural hematoma caused by head trauma. The patient underwent emergency operation by craniectomy and duroplasty. Five weeks later, he received a second operation in which autologous cranioplasty and duroplasty was applied using artificial dura mater (Redura), but he experienced transient severe thrombocytopenia immediately after the second operation, necessitating that he receive three platelet transfusions. The patient fully recovered from thrombocytopenia six days after operation. Here, we report a case of abnormal response resulting in acute severe transient thrombocytopenia immediately after cranioplasty using artificial dura mater. The experience of this case suggests that close cooperation with the blood bank is required before a cranioplasty, since severe thrombocytopenia may occur during surgery when employing an absorbable artificial dura mater.