Consumo de stevia según nivel socioeconómico y sexo en universitarios chilenos / Consumption of stevia according to socioeconomic level and sex in Chilean universities

La Stevia es un edulcorante no calórico de origen natural. En Chile, se ha convertido en uno de los edulcorantes más populares y de mayor consumo. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la ingesta de Stevia según nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y sexo en una muestra de 473 estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo abril-junio 2014; 67% de sexo femenino y edad promedio de 20,4 ± 2,5 años. El consumo de Stevia fue de 0,85 mg/kg/día, no superó la ingesta diaria admisible (IDA) y, el mayor consumo fue de 83,7% del IDA. Se encontró una mayor ingesta de Stevia en mujeres de NSE alto y medio-alto que se consumieron a través de la ingesta de alimentos y gotas (p<0,05). Al comparar por sexo y NSE, las mujeres de NSE alto presentaron un mayor consumo (0,64 ± 1,4), en comparación con los hombres (0,26 ± 0,48) (p<0,05). Mientras que en los estratos bajos las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres fueron (0,42 ± 0,41) y (0,11 ± 0,42) respectivamente. El principal resultado de este estudio es que el consumo de Stevia es mayor en estudiantes universitarias de mayor nivel socioeconómico, específicamente alto y medio alto. Se esperaría un incremento en el consumo ENCs post incorporación de la nueva ley de etiquetado nutricional (Ley 20.606) del año 2016. Se sugieren nuevas investigaciones acerca del consumo de edulcorantes en grupos poblacionales de distintos estratos socioeconómicos(AU)

Stevia is a non-caloric sweetener of natural origin. In Chile, it has become one of the most popular and widely consumed non-caloric sweeteners. The objective of this study was to compare Stevia intake according to socioeconomic level (SES) and sex in a sample of 473 Chilean university students from Abril to June 2014; 67% female with an average age of 20.4 ± 2.5 years. Stevia consumption did not exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and the highest consumption reached 83.7% of the ADI. A higher intake of Stevia was found in women with high and medium-high SES consumed in food and drops (p<0.05). Comparing by sex and SES, women with high SES had a higher intake compared to men (p<0.05). While in the lower strata the difference between women and men were (0,42 ± 0,41) and (0,11 ± 0,42) respectively. The main result of this study is that the intake of Stevia is highest in University students in a higher socioeconomic class, specifically high and upper middle classes. This study suggests further research focuses on the consumption of sweeteners in this particular group. An ENCs intake increase would be expected after the incorporation of the new law of nutritional labels in 2016. New investigations of sweeteners intake are suggested in different socioeconomic groups in the population(AU)

Non-caloric sweeteners and body weight

Both total caloric intake and consumption of free sugars is higher than recommended. This situation contributes, among many other factors, to the increase of overweight and obesity in the population. To maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages while reducing the caloric content and the amount of free sugars in said products, many people choose to replace sugary products in their diet for options containing non-caloric sweeteners. This change in their dietary choice is accompanied by an increasing number of consultations with health professionals about the effects that non-caloric sweeteners could have on their body weight. Results reported in different scientific publications seem contradictory in relation to this topic: some of them, showing a positive association between the consumption of non-caloric sweeteners and energy intake and body weight, while others reporting that the consumption of these additives -in replacement of sugar- may lead to a reduction in caloric intake and body weight. The main objective of this article is to review the available evidence on the consumption of non-caloric sweeteners in relation to body weight, thus providing another tool for health professionals to make nutritional recommendations based on the best available evidence.

Tanto la ingesta calórica total como el consumo de azúcares libres son mayores a los recomendados. Esta situación contribuye, entre muchos otros factores, al aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población. Para mantener el sabor dulce de los alimentos y bebidas, y a la vez reducir el contenido calórico y la cantidad de azúcares en los mismos, cada vez más personas optan por reemplazar los productos azucarados en su dieta por edulcorantes no calóricos. Este cambio dietario se acompaña de un creciente número de consultas con profesionales de la salud, sobre los efectos que los edulcorantes no calóricos podrían tener sobre el peso corporal. Resultados comunicados en diversas publicaciones científicas parecen contradictorios con relación a este tema, algunas informan una asociación positiva entre el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos, la ingesta energética y el peso corporal, y otras muestran que el consumo de estos aditivos -en reemplazo del azúcar- lleva a una reducción de la ingesta calórica y a un descenso de peso. El principal objetivo de este artículo es repasar la evidencia disponible sobre el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos con relación al peso corporal, brindando así una herramienta más para que los profesionales de la salud puedan hacer recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible.

The truth about artificial sweeteners – Are they good for diabetics?

Artificial sweeteners are thought to be beneficial for diabetics or obese where refined sugar can be a problem. These low-calorie sweeteners are seemingly safe to use, provide sweetness without calories, and provide a choice of sweet foods to those who otherwise cannot partake them (refined sugars). However, while artificial sweeteners may indeed restrict calories most of them have no beneficial effects on control of diabetes mellitus; rather possibly increase its risk. Additionally, there could be some other safety concerns possibly risk of cancer.

Comparison of nonnutritive artificial sweetener consumption among university students in latin american: multicentric study

The Objective this study is to compare the consumption of artificial sweeteners by sex and BMI status among university students in Peru, Chile, Guatemala and Panama. Survey of consumption of artificial sweeteners containing foods was designed and applied, adapted for each country with pictures of surveyed foods. After the survey application, a total of 1,229 participants male and female both university students from 4 different Latin American countries: Chile (n=473); Panama (n=300); Guatemala (n=253); Peru (n=204) were submitted to a anthropometry measeurement. Over 80% of students ate at least 1 food that contained artificial sweeteners, acesulphame-k, sucralose, and aspartame had the highest levels of consumption. Females in Chile and Guatemala ate the most sucralose (25.7 (6.6-50.9), p<0.05; 38.3 (15.1-82.5). Males in Panama ate the most acesulphame-k, (35.3 (11.5-91.5), p<0,05). Females had a positive correlation between artificial sweetener consumption and BMI for: acesulphame-k, aspartame and cyclamate. Males had a negative relationship between acesulphame-k, aspartame and BMI (p<0.05). We found a high consumption of artificial sweeteners among both male and female Latin Americ an university students, with differences by country, sex and BMI status(AU)

El objetivo del estudio es comparar el consumo de edulcorantes artificiales no nutritivos por sexo y estado nutricional (IMC) entre los estudiantes universitarios en Perú, Chile, Guatemala y Panamá. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta de consumo de alimentos que contienen edulcorantes artificiales no nutritivos, adaptado para cada país con fotos de alimentos encuestas. Posteriormente se aplicó la encuesta y una evaluación antropometrica entre 1.229 estudiantes universitarios en 4 diferentes países de América Latina: Chile (n = 473); Panamá (n = 300); Guatemala (n = 253); Perú (n = 204). Más del 80% de los estudiantes comía al menos 1 alimento que contiene edulcorantes artificiales, acesulfamo-K, sucralosa, aspartame y tenían los niveles más altos de consumo. Las mujeres en Chile y Guatemala comsumieron más sucralosa (25,7 (6,6-50,9), p <0,05; 38,3 (15,1-82,5). Los hombres de Panama comsumían más acesulfamo-K, (35,3 (11,5-91,5), p <0,05) Las mujeres tenían una correlación positiva entre el consume de edulcorante artificial y el IMC para: acesulfamo-K, aspartamo y ciclamato hombres tenían una relación negativa entre el acesulfamo K, aspartamo y el IMC (p <0,05). Encontramos un alto consumo de edulcorantes artificiales entre los estudiantes de ambos sexos en las universidades de América Latina, con diferencias por país, sexo e IMC(AU)

¿Se pueden recomendar en el embarazo los edulcorantes no nutritivos? / Can we recommend nonnutritive sweeteners during pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a condition of special concern due to the need to care for both mother and fetus. One of the main recommendations during this time is weight control. Exceeding weight gain recommendations increases the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, obesity, pre-eclampsia, cesarean delivery, premature birth, neural tube defects, and macrosomia, among others. Thus, weight gain within guidelines decreases the chances of these complications. One recommended way to avoid excess weight gain is to replace sugar for nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), bearing in mind that the sale of these substances, especially sodas and sweets, have increased worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the possible risks and benefits of perigestational consumption of NNS. NNS are widely consumed to substitute sugar and provide a sweet taste without contributing to energy intake; however there are no long-term studies in humans that confirm their safety. A study of the legal regulations of the use of NNS requires ongoing review, especially when it comes to pregnancy, since the statements of different health departments around the world are conflicting.

El embarazo es un momento de especial preocupación debido a que la atención se centra en la salud de la madre y el feto. Una de las recomendaciones para embarazadas es el control de peso. Exceder las recomendaciones sobre el incremento de peso gestacional aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes gestacional, hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, pre-eclampsia, parto por cesárea, partos prematuros, defectos del tubo neural, macrosomía, entre otros. Por lo tanto, un incremento de peso adecuado en el embarazo permite evitar estas complicaciones. Algunas de las recomendaciones para evitar el aumento de peso excesivo, es reemplazar la sacarosa por Edulcorantes no nutritivos (ENN), considerando que su consumo, y en especial de bebidas y productos azucarados, se ha incrementado a nivel mundial en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la bibliografía disponible en relación a los posibles riesgos y beneficios de consumir ENN en el embarazo. Los ENN son ampliamente consumidos en la población, en reemplazo del azúcar, como una estrategia para el ahorro de calorías extras, sin embargo, su utilización en mujeres embarazadas no cuenta con estudios en humanos a largo plazo que avalen su seguridad. En relación al marco legal que regula el uso de ENN, se requiere de la revisión permanente para actualizar la información en relación a la seguridad de su consumo, especialmente en mujeres embarazadas, ya que al revisar las directrices de ministerios de salud de diversos países en relación a recomendar o no la utilización de ENN son discordantes.

The unbiased truth about artificial sweeteners

Sugar contribute to tooth decay and obesity but still we spoon it. Artificial sweeteners are used in one of two ways. They may be used directly in commercially processed foods or they are mixed with one or more starch based sweeteners before sale to consumers. Artificial sweeteners are so intensely sweet so small Amounts are required to imitate sugars sweet taste. In this review paper, it is going to discuss about the basic five Artificial sweeteners like Aspartame, Acesulfame, Saccharin, Sucralose and Neotame.

An Innovative Approach to Sensitive Artificial Sweeteners Analysis by Ion Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

Artificial sweeteners ( ASs ) have gained more and more attention by environmental scientists because some of them such as acesulfame, have the potential to be the ideal tracers of domestic wastewater for environmental monitoring. In contrast to the existing methods of artificial sweeteners, the analytical method of ASs as a new tracer for environmental samples requires better sensitivity and selectivity to avoid matrix interference. A highly sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of four frequently-used artificial sweeteners in water samples using solid-phase extraction and ion chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source ( IC-MS/MS) in negative ion mode was developed. The separation effect of different separation columns was compared and a 2-mm ion chromatography column AS19 was chosen in the experiment. Chromatographic separation of all the 4 artificial sweeteners was carried out in 9 min in isocratic elution mode using 60 mmol/L sodium hydroxide as eluent. Different kinds of solid phase extraction cartridges were evaluated to obtain satisfactory recoveries of all of the analytes. Merk LiChrolut EN (200 mg, 3 mL) was preconditioned with 2 mL of methanol, followed by 2 mL of H2 O. About 200 mL of sample (pH<2. 0) was passed through the cartridge at a flow rate of 4 mL/min, and then the cartridge was eluted using 2 mL of methanol. 2 mm suppresser (75 mA) was used to reduce the background noise and to remove the matrix interference. The limits of detection were below 5. 0 ng/L for various artificial sweeteners based on 3-fold the S/N. The recoveries of different matrices in the samples were 65%-120%. The method described here is time-saving, accurate and precise, and is suitable for monitoring artificial sweeteners in different water matrices. The method has also the potential to trace other contaminants in groundwater.

Niveles de ingesta diaria de edulcorantes no nutritivos en escolares de la región de Valparaíso / Daily consumption levels of non-nutritive sweeteners in school age children from the Valparaiso region

Introduction: Artificial sweeteners are substances that do not provide energy and are added to foods to provide a sweet taste. Sweeteners are used to replace sugar either in part or entirely. Objective: To determine the consumption of artificial sweeteners in school children 6 to 14 years of age in the Valparaiso Region of Chile and to compare consumption according to nutritional status. Methods: 281 students of both sexes underwent anthropometric assessment (weight and height) and completed a food survey on the consumption of sweeteners. Results: 100% of students consume foods or products containing artificial sweeteners, although no student consumed more than the maximum allowed. When comparing by nutritional status, obese children, compared to those with normal weight had a higher consumption of sucralose, aspartame, saccharin and acesulfame potassium (p <0.05). Conclusion: The intake of sweeteners is massive, but consumption does not exceed permitted levels in this study sample.

Introducción: Los edulcorantes artificiales son sustancias que no aportan energía y que se agregan a los alimentos para proporcionarles un sabor dulce. Se emplean para reemplazar total o parcialmente el azúcar. Objetivo: Determinar el consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en escolares de 6 a 14 años de la región de Valparaíso y comparar su consumo según su estado nutricional. Métodos: A 281 estudiantes de ambos sexos se les realizó una evaluación antropométrica (peso y talla) y una encuesta alimentaria sobre consumo de edulcorantes. Resultados: El 100% de los estudiantes consumió alimentos o productos con contenido de edulcorantes, aunque ninguno de ellos sobre la dosis máxima admitida. Al comparar por estado nutricional, los estudiantes con obesidad presentaron una mayor consumo de sucralosa, aspartamo, sacarina y acesulfamo de potasio (p<0.05). Conclusión: La ingesta de edulcorantes es masiva, pero su consumo no sobrepasa los niveles permitidos por el Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos en la muestra estudiada.