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1.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412892

ABSTRACT

¿Cuál es la función del arte?. ¿Por qué necesitamos la belleza?. ¿Por qué el cerebro produce arte?. ¿El arte es una capacidad innata?. ¿Existe un cerebro del artista?. ¿Cuál es la relación entre el arte y la ciencia? Estas interrogantes y muchas otras se nos plantean cuando enfrentamos la relación entre arte y cerebro. La comunicación de las emociones sería la función fundamental del arte. El arte transmite emociones sutiles que son difíciles de comunicar con palabras. El estudio acerca de porqué y cómo las personas aprecian el arte y la música y qué es la belleza ha permitido desarrollar una nueva disciplina denominada neuroestética, cuyo fin es determinar la base neurológica de la producción y percepción del arte. Los dominios del arte y de la ciencia son complementarios. Toda realidad tiene un componente objetivo y otro subjetivo. En la descripción de la realidad objetiva, la ciencia intenta llegar al corazón de la materia, mientras que la realidad subjetiva existe sólo en base a sensaciones, memoria e imaginación. Estas dos realidades requieren un elemento común que es la creatividad. Un nuevo entendimiento de un problema y la búsqueda y expresión de relaciones en forma ordenada, es el sello de la conceptualización creativa. Estas características definen tanto el arte como la ciencia. Desde 2005, durante el congreso anual de SOPNIA, se realiza una exposición de arte, que refleja esta unión del arte, cerebro y la ciencia. A continuación de las reflexiones a las preguntas anteriormente mencionadas, se hace un recuento de lo expuesto en las 10 versiones de ExporArte de SOPNIA. Palabras claves: arte, cerebro, ciencia, bellas artes, belleza, artista.


What is the function of art? Why do we need beauty? Does the brain produce art? Is art an innate capacity? Is there an artist's brain? What is the relationship between art and science? These questions and many others are posed when we face the relationship between art and brain. The communication of emotions would be the main function of art. Art conveys subtle emotions that are difficult to communicate with words. The study about why and how people appreciate art and music and what beauty has allowed to develop a new discipline called neuroesthetics, which purpose is to determine the neurological basis of the production and perception of art. The domains of art and science are complementary. All reality is simultaneously subjective and objective. In the description of the objective reality, science tries to get to the heart of the matter, while subjective reality exists only based on sensations, memory and imagination. These two realities require a common element that is creativity. A new understanding of a problem and the search and expression of relationships in an ordered fashion, is the seal of the creative conceptualization. These features define both the art as the science. Since 2005, during the annual Congress of SOPNIA, there is an art exhibition that reflects this union of art, brain and science. Following the reflections to the questions previously mentioned, there is a recount of 10 versions of SOPNIA ExporArte. Keywords: art, brain, science, fine arts, beauty, artist

2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 38(1): 11-17, jan.-mar. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-777545

ABSTRACT

Resumo A partir de uma análise teórico-conceitual da obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer, este estudo proporciona um diálogo entre a arte, a educação e a educação física. Na procura por abrir um caminho opcional ao dominante, oferecido pela racionalidade técnico-instrumental, discute a ideia do professor-artista. Apresenta as reflexões sobre a obra de arte nos textos do filósofo alemão, situa-as nos três grandes momentos da estrutura de uma prática pedagógica: planejamento, execução e avaliação. As considerações finais anunciam algumas limitações da proposta apresentada.


Abstract This study provides a dialogue between art, education and physical education from a theoretical and conceptual analysis of Hans-Georg Gadamer's work. Toward discussing the possibility of a teacher-artist, it searches an alternative way to the "dominant" one offered by technical-instrumental rationality to discuss. The analysis of the work of art in the German Philosopher's texts is presented placing them in the three most important moments of the structure of a pedagogical practice: planning, implementation and evaluation. Some limitations of the proposal are announced in the final considerations.


Resumen: A partir de un análisis teórico-conceptual de la obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer, este estudio proporciona un diálogo entre el arte, la educación y la educación física. En la búsqueda por abrir un camino alternativo al «dominante¼, ofrecido por la racionalidad técnico-instrumental, trata de la idea del profesor-artista. Muestra las reflexiones sobre la obra de arte en los textos del filósofo alemán y los sitúa en los tres grandes momentos de la estructura de una práctica pedagógica: planificación, ejecución y evaluación. Las consideraciones finales presentan algunas limitaciones de la propuesta.

3.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 31(4): 454-461, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776259

ABSTRACT

La vida de este extraordinario científico y pintor ha sido motivo de estudio por generaciones, pues fascinó la manera de poder unir armoniosamente sus pasiones. Santiago Felipe Ramón y Cajal, más conocido como don Santiago Ramón y Cajal (el "don" por un título de importancia de la época e "y" como una forma de darle renombre a sus apellidos), o referido por muchos simplemente como Cajal (por la sonoridad del apellido y la costumbre en España de utilizar el apellido materno). Nació en la provincia de Cataluña, primer hijo de la unión de Justo Ramón Casasús y Antonia Cajal Puentes. Su padre, médico del pueblo, vio en él un sucesor de la profesión, razón por la cual desde muy pequeño le exigió académicamente y le reprochó su fascinación por el arte. Su infancia fue marcada por múltiples sucesos que lo llevarían a tener un encanto por la naturaleza y querer plasmarla en sus dibujos. La influencia de su padre fue exitosa, ya que se convirtió en un prestigioso médico. Ansioso de conocer otros lugares y su sed de aventurero lo llevaron a viajar a Cuba para dar apoyo médico a las tropas españolas. A su regreso se encontró con múltiples oportunidades que forjaron su carrera como científico y le dieron solidez como persona. Se casó a la edad de 27 años con Silveria Fañanás, el motor de su vida y la madre de sus seis hijos. Su incansable curiosidad y su espíritu de pintor le permitieron describir y dibujar las células nerviosas de manera detallada, incluyendo su estructura magnífica y las relaciones de estas, comparándolas de manera muy acertada con la naturaleza, referidas por él mismo como "El jardín de la neurología". Siempre fue un paisajista romántico, que se intrigó tanto de lo macro (con sus dibujos sobre la naturaleza y la anatomía), como de lo micro (la histología) (Figura 1).


The life of this extraordinary scientist and painter has been studied by multiple generations, fascinated by the way he harmoniously mixes his passions. Santiago Felipe Ramón y Cajal, better known as Don Santiago Ramón y Cajal (the "Don" as a title of the importance of the age and the "Y" as a way to give renown to their surnames) or referred by many simply as "Cajal" - by the sound of the surname). He was born in the province of Catalonia, first child of the union of Justo Ramón Casasús and Antonia Cajal. His father, a physician, saw in him a successor of the profession, which is why at very young age, he demanded of him the best academic performance and reproached him for his fascination with art. His childhood was marked by many events that would lead him to be charmed with nature and want to translate this into his drawings. The influence of his father was successful because he became a physician. Eager to know other places and with the thirst of an adventurer, he travelled to Cuba, but it was not the experience he had imagined. On his return he found many opportunities that forged his career as a scientist and gave him strength as a person. He married at the age of 27 years with Silveria Fañanás, who became the mother of his six children, and was the engine of his life. With his insatiable curiosity, his painter´s spirit and with some help, he described in detail the nerve cells and portrayed in his drawings the magnificent structure and relationships thereof, successfully comparing them with nature, referring to "The Garden of Neurology". He was always a romantic landscape painter, intrigued as much by the macro (with his drawings of nature and anatomy) as the micro (histology); the latter was his greatest passion. All his work bore many fruits, which still amaze us today. Through his hard work and his refusal to placate his inner painter, he managed to mix his passions to their maximum potential, leaving behind a priceless legacy.

4.
Rev. psicol. organ. trab ; 15(1): 71-81, mar. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-741018

ABSTRACT

Research about the meaning of work faces theoretical and practical challenges, such as empirically distinguishing between the meaning and meaningfulness of work. This study aims to explore the similarities and distinctions between the two concepts and how these reflect on the perception of tensions in the performance of one's professional activities. The study is based on in-depth interviews with 26 individuals working in creative industries in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed the data through thematic categorization. We found that meaningfulness in artistic work is related, for example, to the social impacts of this form of activity. For the meaning of work, three central representations emerged: work as flow, as creation, and as a calling. Finally, related tensions emerged, such as those arising from the interconnection of art and business.


Pesquisas sobre significado do trabalho enfrentam desafios teóricos e práticos, como a diferenciação empírica entre significado do e sentido no trabalho. Objetiva-se explorar as complementaridades e diferenças entre ambos e seus reflexos na percepção de tensões no exercício da atividade profissional. Baseia-se em entrevistas em profundidade com 26 profissionais atuando em setores das indústrias criativas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio de categorização temática. Encontrou-se que o sentido no trabalho artístico está relacionado, por exemplo, aos impactos sociais desse tipo de atividade. Quanto ao significado do trabalho, três representações foram identificadas: o trabalho como fluxo, criação e como vocação. Finalmente, discutem-se as tensões relacionadas a esse trabalho, como a tensão entre arte e negócio.


Investigaciones sobre el significado del trabajo enfrentan desafíos teóricos y prácticos, como la diferenciación empírica entre el significado y el sentido del trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar las complementariedades y las diferencias entre ambos y sus reflejos en la percepción de las tensiones en el ejercicio de la actividad profesional. Se sustenta en entrevistas en profundidad con 26 profesionales que actúan en los sectores de las industrias creativas en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de categorización temática. Se encontró que el sentido en el trabajo artístico está relacionado, por ejemplo, con el impacto social de este tipo de actividad. Cuanto al significado del trabajo, tres representaciones fueron identificadas: el trabajo como flujo, como creación y como vocación. Finalmente, se discuten las tensiones relacionadas con este tipo de trabajo, como la tensión entre el arte y los negocios.

5.
Paidéia (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 16(33): 91-100, jan.-abr. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509637

ABSTRACT

Este estudo tem por objetivo apreender a estrutura do vivido do artista e sua arte e as decorrências para a Psicologia. Foram gravados 9 (nove) depoimentos de artistas de diferentes áreas, posteriormente submetidos aos passos do método fenomenológico, incluindo leitura inicial para apreensão do todo, releituras para apreensão de unidades de significado, compreensão psicológica das unidades de significado, síntese específica de cada depoimento e, por fim, síntese geral dos depoimentos. A síntese geral, abarcando as vivências de todos os participantes, delineou aspectos positivos da arte: auto-conhecimento; integração da personalidade; transformação de valores e afetos; transcendência da realidade cotidiana. Os resultados apontam para uma consideração da criatividade como componente da saúde e da prática de uma atividade artística como facilitadora do desenvolvimento psicológico, abrindo perspectivas para novos estudos sobre arte, que vem sendo associada a processos psicoterapêuticos na atualidade.


The objective of this research is to describe the elements which are part of the experience of artists, comprehending the structure of experiences and the consequences for Psychology. Nine depositions have been recorded from artists of different areas and they were all submitted to the steps of the phenomenological method, including a first reading in order to get a general sense, further readings aiming the apprehension of meaning units within a psychological perspective, a synthesis of each deposition and, finally, a synthesis of all depositions. The results show positive aspects of art: self-knowledge; integration of personality; transformation of values and affections; transcendence of the quotidian reality. These data point to a consideration of creativeness as health and the practice of an artistic activity promoting psychological growth, opening perspectives for new researches in art, which has been lately associated to psycotherapeutic processes.

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