Pathogenesis and clinical treatment progress of Kienbock’s disease / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Kienbock’s disease is aseptic necrosis of the lunate bone due to various causes, and its pathogenesis is unknown. Because the soft tissue around the wrist articular surface is small, so it leads to poor blood supply, and the progressive necrosis is irreversible. Early specificity is poor, clinical diagnosis rate is low, and late teratogenicity and disability rate is high. The clinical diagnosis and treatment are complicated, and there are many procedures, but there is no accurate guidance. OBJECTIVE: To review the current research status of mechanism, stage and clinical diagnosis of Kienbock’s disease, to summarize the clinical treatment of Kienbock’s disease in recent years, so as to discuss the clinical efficacy of various programs and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and CNKI databases from 1970 to 2019 was conducted. Key words were “Kienbock’s disease, lunate bone, necrosis, mechanism, treatment” in English and Chinese, respectively. About 900 articles were retrieved, and 52 articles eligible for the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The pathogenesis of Kienbock’s disease is unknown, its etiology is complex, and researchers believe that anatomy and biomechanics, and individual factors are main causes, which still need further research. (2) The Lichtman stage is widely used in Kienbock’s disease classification. The latest breakthrough in arthroscopy is expected to form a new classification standard, which can be diagnosed by X-ray, CT or MRI combined with “triple sign”. It has poor early specificity, so the rate of misdiagnosis is high, and it should be identified with wrist diseases. (3) Early-stage Kienbock’s disease usually receive conservative treatment, and advanced stage tends to undergo surgical programs, including free vascularized bone graft, the lumate resection + tendon tamponade, radial wedge and shortening osteotomy, scaphotrapeziotrapezoid fusion, proximal row carpectomy, and bone cement prosthesis replacement, and the follow-up outcomes are different, so there is still no perfect treatment program.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated to biphosponates in Cali - Colombia / Osteonecrosis Maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos en Cali, Colombia

Antecedentes: Después de más de 15 años del primer reporte de osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonato (BP), siguen reportándose casos relacionados con este y con otros medicamentos, dándose el aumento en el número de prescripciones. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes con osteonecrosis de maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos (BRONJ), atendidos en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta estructurada a 32 cirujanos maxilofaciales de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, donde se preguntó sobre diferentes tópicos relacionados con pacientes afectados y desarrollo de la patología como edad y genero de los pacientes, tipo de medicamento, tiempo de administración, hueso expuesto, etc. Resultados: Treinta y dos cirujanos maxilofaciales respondieron la encuesta con un total de 8 casos. Se encontró 6 casos correspondieron a mujeres y 2 a hombres, la edad fue superior a 44 años; 4 de los tratamientos con bifosfonatos fueron de prescripción oral y 4 intravenoso. La mayor parte de los casos de osteonecrósis se presentaron en mandíbula (88%) y 6 casos (75%) presentaron exposición de hueso. Conclusiones: La osteonecrosis asociada a bifosfonatos es una situación que todavía se presenta, es necesario que la comunidad de pacientes y el personal de salud conozcan más sobre esta situación.

Background: After more than 15 years of the first report of osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonate (BP), still cases related to BP and other medications continue to be reported and there is an alert about the increase in the number of prescriptions. The need for both patients and students and health professionals to be familiar with medications, pathology, prevention and treatment measures has been highlighted. Aim: To characterize patients with osteonecrosis in the maxilla associated to bisphosphonate (BRONJ), from Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A structured survey was conducted of 32 maxillofacial surgeons from the city of Cali, Colombia, where different topics related to affected patients and the development of the pathology such as age and gender of patients, type of medication, time of study were asked. administration, exposed bone, etc. Results: Thirty-two maxillofacial surgeons answered the survey with a total of 8 cases, it was found that 6 corresponded to women and 2 to men and the age was over 44 years; 4 of the treatments were oral prescription and 4 intravenous; the majority of cases were presented in the jaw (88%) and 6 cases (75%) presented bone exposure. Conclusions: Osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonates is a situation that still occurs and could increase its incidence due to the increase in the number of prescriptions for osteoporosis medications, it is necessary that the patient community and health staff know More about this situation.

Experiencias en la sustitución esofágica con colon izquierdo retroesternal antiperistáltico / Experiences accumulated in the esophageal replacement with left antiperistaltic retrosternal colon

INTRODUCCIÓN: la necesidad de reemplazo esofágico en nuestro medio continúa siendo uno de las tareas más difíciles para los cirujanos. Han sido muchas las técnicas y los elementos utilizados para la sustitución esofágica a través del tiempo, y también las disyuntivas entre cuál es la más fisiológica para el paciente. OBJETIVO: nos proponemos presentar nuestra experiencia de 15 años de trabajo, utilizando la esofagocoloplastia con colon izquierdo retroesternal y antiperistáltico, enfatizando los detalles de la técnica y los resultados posoperatorios. MÉTODOS: se analizan las estadísticas correspondientes a 15 años de trabajo en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Juan Manuel Márquez", con un total de 52 pacientes, mostrando los parámetros de edad, sexo, causas de la sustitución, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones posoperatorias y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: la causa más frecuente de sustitución esofágica fue la estenosis por cáustico. La complicación posoperatoria de mayor incidencia fue la fístula salival, y existió una necrosis aséptica del injerto que conllevó a un segundo tiempo operatorio, con tubo gástrico. Hubo un fallecido por sepsis nosocomial. CONCLUSIONES: las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron mínimas, y solo en un caso se realizó un segundo tiempo quirúrgico utilizando tubo gástrico. Se considera esta técnica una alternativa quirúrgica de fácil realización, y cuando se siguen los cuidados técnicos adecuados, las complicaciones son mínimas y los resultados óptimos.

INTRODUCTION: the need for esophageal replacement in our context remains one of the most difficult tasks for surgeons. There have been a number of techniques and elements for esophageal replacement in the course of time and also various dilemmas about the most physiological ones for the patient. OBJECTIVE: to show our experience of 15 years in the use of esophagocoloplasty with left antiperistaltic retrosternal colon, putting emphasis on the details of the technique and the postoperative results. METHODS: an analysis was performed of statistics for 52 patients cared for at "Juan Manuel Márquez" Children's University Hospital during a 15 years' period. The variables considered were age, sex, causes of replacement, surgical technique, postoperative complications and mortality. RESULTS: the most frequent cause of esophageal replacement was caustic stenosis of the esophagus. The main postoperative complication was salivary fistula. There was also aseptic necrosis of the graft that led to reoperation with use of a gastric tube. One child died from nosocomial sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: postoperative complications were minimal and just one patient was reoperated, with use of a gastric tube. It is considered that this technique is an easy-to-perform surgical option and that the complications are minimal and the results are optimal whenever the adequate technical guidelines are followed and complied with.

Fratura epifisiolise da extremidade proximal do úmero com luxação intratorácica: relato de caso / Epiphysiolysis fracture of the proximal end of the humerus with intrathoracic dislocation: a case report

A fratura da extremidade proximal do úmero com luxação intratorácica foi relatada em 1949 por West, em que a fratura era, somente, do tubérculo maior. Desde então, poucos casos foram relatados na literatura, a maioria constituída por pessoas idosas, prevalecendo como indicação terapêutica artroplastia parcial. Os autores relatam o caso de um adolescente de 14 anos de idade, sexo masculino, que apresentou fratura epifisiolise da extremidade proximal do úmero com luxação intratorácica em decorrência de acidente ciclístico e que foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico com redução, osteossíntese e reinserção do manguito rotador. A recuperação da cabeça do úmero totalmente desvitalizada e o acompanhamento do processo de necrose e revas cularização durante seis anos, em paciente adolescente, parece não terem sido previamente relatados.

Fracture of the proximal end of the humerus with intrathoracic dislocation was reported in 1949 by West, and the fracture was only a fracture of the greater tubercle. Few cases have since been published, and most of them in elderly individuals, partial arthroplasty prevailing as the therapy indication. The authors report the case of a 14 year old boy who presented with an epiphysiolysis fracture of the proximal end of the humerus with intrathoracic dislocation resulting from a bicycle accident. The boy was submitted to surgical treatment with reduction, osteosynthesis, and reinsertion of the rotator cuff. The totally devitalized humeral head recovery and the monitoring of the necrosis and revascularization process for a period of six years in a teenager patient seems to have never been reported before.

A Case of Cushingoid syndrome Associated with Mediastinal Lipomatosis, Aseptic Necrosis of Hip Joint and Growth Retardation

The 15 year-old female patient was admitted with the complaints of moon face, obesity and short stature. She has received steroid therapy since 11 years ago at home to control joint pain due to rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis was confirmed by history of long-term steroid therapy, characteristic clinical features, biochemical studies and radiological studies. In radiological studies, superior mediastinal widening, aseptic necrosis of both hip an diffuse osteoporosis in various skeleton were revealed. Brief review of literature was presented.