ABSTRACT
Resumen Hyptis australis es una especie de la familia Lamiaceae, endémica del Bosque Atlántico, cuyo estado de conservación es crítico y se desconoce aún sus beneficios potenciales para el ecosistema y la sociedad. Con fines de rescate y conservación (ex situ/in situ), se plantea como necesidad, generar un protocolo de propagación vegetativa para facilitar y aumentar la disponibilidad de plantas. Con este objetivo, se estudiaron factores como el tipo de sustrato, tipo de estaca y hormona. Se utilizaron plantas de un año de edad, obtenidas de semillas cosechadas de las plantas ubicadas en la región sur de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina). Estacas apicales y subapicales fueron utilizadas en dos ensayos, en el primero se estudió la factibilidad de inducir raíces adventicias en los sustratos corteza de pino, arena y perlita. En el segundo ensayo, se evaluó la inducción de rizogénesis en estacas tratadas durante 30 minutos con una solución de 100 mg.kg -1 de ácido naftalenacetico (ANA) o ácido indolbutirico (AIB) en corteza de pino. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en el sustrato arena y en las estacas terminales. El ANA fue la hormona que generó mayor porcentaje de estacas apicales (80.00±14.14 %) y subapicales (84.00±16.73 %) con raíces. En las estacas subapicales el porcentaje de brotación fue mayor en ambos experimentos. La probabilidad de que una estaca de H. australis desarrolle raíces adventicia depende del tipo de sustrato, pero la adicción de ANA mejora notablemente el porcentaje de enraizamiento.
Abstract Hyptis australis is a species of the Lamiaceae family, endemic to the Atlantic Forest, whose conservation status is critical and its potential benefits for the ecosystem and society are still unknown. For rescue and conservation purposes (ex situ/in situ), the need arises to generate a vegetative propagation protocol to facilitate and increase the availability of plants. With this objective, factors such as the type of substrate, type of stake and hormone were studied. One-year-old plants were used, obtained from seeds harvested from plants located in the southern region of the province of Misiones (Argentina). Apical and subapical cuttings were used in two trials, the first studied the feasibility of inducing adventitious roots in pine bark, sand and perlite substrates. In the second test, the induction of rhizogenesis was evaluated in cuttings treated for 30 minutes with a solution of 100 mg.kg-1 of naphthalenacetic acid (ANA) or indole butyric acid (IBA) in pine bark. The best results were obtained in the sand substrate and in the terminal stakes. ANA was the hormone that generated the highest percentage of apical cuttings (80.00±14.14%) and subapical (84.00±16.73%) with roots. In the subapical cuttings the sprouting percentage was higher in both experiments. The probability that an H. australis cuttings will develop adventitious roots depends on the type of substrate, but the addition of ANA notably improves the rooting percentage.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The asexual propagation of conifers, such as Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, faces difficulties. Among the factors that can improve the efficiency of asexual propagation are the types of cuttings used and lesions performed at the base of the cuttings, and the use of plant regulators, such as indolebutyric acid (IBA). This study determined the types of lesions to be performed at the cutting base, the type of cuttings used, the method to convey IBA at the cutting base, and the concentration of IBA required to obtain a proper rooting condition for the species. Two experiments were performed from March to July, 2018, in randomized blocks and with a factorial scheme, as follows: 2 x 4 (IBA application in solution and talc x IBA at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1 IBA); and 2 x 3 (basal and apical cuttings x bevel, wedge, and horizontal lesions at the cutting base). In both experiments, the cuttings used were arranged on a masonry bed containing medium-textured sand. After 120 days of experimentation, the study concluded that the rooting percentage was favored by the use of basal cuttings with wedge lesions at the cutting base and treated with IBA in solution at a concentration of approximately 550 mg L-1.
RESUMO: A propagação assexuada de coníferas, como o Podocarpus macrophyllus, apresenta dificuldades. Entre os fatores que podem tornar mais eficientes a propagação assexuada tem-se o tipo da estaca utilizada, lesões na base da estaca e uso de fitoreguladores, como o ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Objetivou-se determinar o tipo de lesão a ser efetuado na base da estaca e o tipo de estaca bem como método de veiculação do AIB na base da estaca e a concentração do AIB visando obter melhor enraizamento para a espécie. Dois experimentos foram realizados, no período de março a julho de 2018, em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial, sendo o primeiro 2 x 4 [aplicação AIB em solução e em talco x concentração de 0, 500, 1000 e 1500 mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico (AIB)] e o segundo 2 x 3 [estaca basal e apical x lesões na base da estaca do tipo bisel, cunha e horizontal].Em ambos experimentos as estacas utilizadas foram dispostas em canteiro de alvenaria contendo areia de textura média. Após 120 dias de experimentação conclui-se que o uso de estacas basais com lesões na base da estaca em cunha e tratadas com AIB em solução na concentração de aproximadamente 550 mL L-1favorecem a porcentagem de enraizamento.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Pequi is propagated mainly by the seminal pathway (seminal route) and presents an uneven and reduced germination. The increasing demand for fruits and seedlings for reforestation indicate the need for new strategies for the propagation of this species which would minimize the negative impact of predatory extractivism on Caryocar brasiliense. The present study aimed to assist the development of a protocol for the cutting of the pequi tree (pequizeiro). Different ages of the matrix plant and levels of foliation and pruning were assessed through the collection (sampling) of cuttings (stakes) from plants in the field. It was noted that cuttings (stakes) from seedlings (young plants) have greater rooting capacity when compared to cuttings derived from adult plants. Pequi leafless stakes failed to root. In contrast, stakes with 50% of leaflets cut from their original size showed 2.5% of rooting whereas those with 6 leaflets showed 22.5% of rooting. Stakes from pruned apical branches exhibited 21.2% of rooting. Both callogenesis and rooting of pequi stakes demonstrated the potential of this particular species from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) for cutting.
RESUMO: O pequizeiro é propagado predominantemente por via seminal apresentando germinação desuniforme e reduzida. A crescente demanda por frutos e mudas para reflorestamento indicam a necessidade de novas estratégias para a propagação desta espécie, minimizando os impactos do extrativismo predatório. Objetivou-se com este estudo auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um protocolo para estaquia do pequizeiro, avaliando diferentes idades da planta matriz, níveis de enfolhamento e podas, por meio de coleta de estacas em plantas a campo. Verificou-se que estacas oriundas de plantas jovens possuem maior capacidade de enraizamento, quando comparada às estacas derivadas de plantas adultas. Estacas de pequizeiro sem folhas não enraizaram, embora estacas com 50% de folíolos cortados do seu tamanho original apresentaram 2,5% de enraizamento e com seis folíolos 22,5%. Estacas oriundas de ramos apicais podados exibiram 21,2% de enraizamento. A calogênese e o enraizamento de estacas de pequi demonstram o potencial desta espécie do Cerrado para estaquia.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Colombian flower growers are faced with economic and social problems, so they are looking for alternatives, which include Proteas, ornamentals that require research that ensures an appropriate, local technical management. One of the Proteas most likely to be involved in this search is the genus Leucadendron. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the best basis for rooting its cuttings. The experimental design was a split plot design with a factorial arrangement. Four substrates were evaluated in combination with two auxins, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutiric acid (IBA), three doses each, plus a commercial control. Each treatment was repeated three times and the experimental unit consisted of 30 stakes at the first locality and 25 at the second one. The most relevant results showed that vermiculite was the best substrate for rooting cuttings of Leucadendron at both localities. Also, it was identified that IBA is the growth regulator which improved the rooting percentage, the root volume, the stem decreased the percentage of losses.
RESUMEN Los cultivadores colombianos de flores tradicionales están confrontados con problemas, tanto económicos como sociales, por lo que están buscando alternativas, que incluyen a las Proteas, ornamentales que requieren investigación, que asegura un manejo técnico. Una de las Proteas con más posibilidad de estar involucrado en este desarrollo es el género Leucadendron. El diseño experimental empleado fue un diseño de parcelas, divididas con arreglo factorial. Así, que el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la base para el enraizamiento de las estacas. En combinación con dos auxinas, ácido 1-naftalenacético (ANA) y ácido indolbutírico (AIB), tres dosis de cada una y el control comercial, se evaluaron cuatro sustratos. Cada tratamiento, se repitió tres veces y cada unidad experimental consistió en 30 estacas, para la primera localidad y de 25, para la segunda. Los resultados más relevantes mostraron que el mejor sustrato para el enraizamiento de estacas de Leucadendron fue la vermiculita, en ambas localidades. También, se identificó que AIB es el regulador de crecimiento que mejoró el porcentaje de enraizamiento, el volumen de raíces, la longitud del tallo disminuyó el porcentaje de pérdidas.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar × three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively.
RESUMO: A propagação comercial de roseiras é realizada assexuadamente, pelo método de estaquia. O material genético e o substrato são fatores que interferem no processo rizogênico das estacas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do substrato sobre o enraizamento de estacas de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar. Foram utilizados ramos floríferos de plantas matrizes cortadas em bisel no ápice e na base, com aproximadamente 8cm e duas gemas, sendo retirada a folha basal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um fatorial 2 x 3 (duas cultivares, Tineke e Natal Briar x três substratos, casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco e TN Gold ® ), contendo quatro repetições de 15 estacas por repetição. A base das estacas foi imersa por cinco segundos em solução de 2000mg L-1 de IBA (ácido indol butírico). As estacas foram colocadas em bandejas com 24 células previamente preenchidas com substrato e depositadas no chão em túnel plástico transparente, construído dentro da estufa. Após 50 dias de experimentação avaliaram-se as estacas enraizadas (%), brotadas (%) e mortas (%), comprimento das raízes (cm), biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raízes (g). A porcentagem de enraizamento da cultivar Natal Briar foi de 75%, superior à cultivar Tineke, que obteve 39% de estacas enraizadas. Melhores substratos para a estaquia de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar são a CAC e fibra de coco que proporcionaram o enraizamento de 81 e 67% das estacas respectivamente.
ABSTRACT
A erva-cidreira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown] é comumente utilizada no Brasil como planta medicinal por suas propriedades analgésica, antiespasmódica, calmante e sedativa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de estaca e de diferentes substratos sobre a propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III. O material botânico utilizado foi estacas de erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II, e III, com aproximadamente 12 cm de comprimento. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas estacas (apicais e basais) dos três quimiotipos, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 3. No segundo experimento, as estacas dos três quimiotipos foram propagadas em três substratos: substrato comercial + esterco bovino curtido (na proporção de 1:1); substrato comercial + palha de arroz carbonizada (na proporção de 1:1); e substrato comercial, em um esquema fatorial de 3 x 3 com 4 repetições, onde se determinou a massa fresca e seca da raiz, caule e folhas. Estacas apicais e basais podem ser utilizadas na propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III. As misturas substrato comercial + palha de arroz carbonizada e substrato comercial + esterco bovino curtido são recomendadas para a propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III.
The Lippia alba is commonly used in Brazil as a medicinal plant for its analgesic properties, antispasmodic, calming and sedative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting type and different substrates on the propagation of the Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III. The botanical material used was stakes Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III, with approximately 12 cm in length. In the first experiment, we used cuttings (apical and basal) of the three chemotypes in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, cuttings of three chemotypes were propagated in three substrates: commercial substrate + cattle manure (1:1), commercial substrate + carbonized rice hulls (1:1) and commercial substrate, in a factorial 3 x 3 with 4 replicates, was determined fresh and dry weight of root, stem and leaves. Apical and basal cuttings can be used in the propagation of the Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III. The commercial substrate mixtures + carbonized rice hulls and commercial substrate + cattle manure are recommended for the propagation of lemongrass chemotypes I, II and III.