ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os valores de potência e capacidade aeróbia entre atletas de futebol e futsal nos diferentes níveis competitivos e modalidades. A amostra foi constituída de 116 atletas do sexo masculino de seis equipes (3 de futebol e 3 de futsal) da 1ª divisão, 2ª divisão e universitário. Os participantes foram submetidos a duas sessões de coleta de dados. Na primeira sessão, uma avaliação antropométrica foi conduzida e familiarização com o teste de Carminatti (T-CAR). Na segunda sessão, foi realizado o teste de T-CAR de corrida intermitente, para determinar o pico de velocidade (PV). Para analisar as diferenças entre os valores médios dos dados antropométricos e fisiológicos das equipes e nos diferentes níveis competitivos foi utilizado ANOVA One-Way seguido do teste de Post-Hoc de Bonferroni. O Teste T para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparar as médias entre as modalidades. O valor de P < 0,05 foi considerado como nível de significância estatística. Maiores níveis de PVT-CAR e 80,4%PVT-CAR foram reportados nos atletas de futebol da 1ª divisão comparado com o da 2ª divisão do futsal e universitários, e entre as equipes da 1ª divisão de futsal e 2ª do futebol comparado com o futsal universitário. Além disso, maiores valores do PVT-CAR nas equipes da 1ª divisão de futsal e 2ª do futebol comparado com universitários e nos atletas de futebol versus futsal (p<0,05), afirmando que existe diferença entre os níveis competitivos e modalidades. Estes resultados sugerem que atletas de futebol e aqueles que atuam em elevados níveis competitivos possuem melhor condição física no desempenho do T-CAR....(AU)
The aim of this study was to compare the power levels and aerobic capacity between soccer and futsal players on different competitive levels and modalities. One hundred and sixteen male players from three soccer and futsal teams of the 1st division, 2nd division and university participated in the study. The participants underwent two data collection sessions. In the first session, an anthropometric assessment and familiarization with Carminatti's test (T-CAR) was conducted. In the second session, the T-CAR intermittent running test was conducted to determine the peak velocity (PV). One-way ANOVA was used in combination with post hoc testing (Bonferroni) to compare the average values of anthropometric and physiological data of the teams and in different competitive levels. The T test for independent samples was used to compare the means of the modality. Significance was assumed at 5% (P < 0.05). Aerobic indices were obtained by T-CAR. Higher levels of PVT-CAR and 80,4%PVT-CAR were reported on soccer players of st division compared to the futsal of 2nd division and university, and between the teams of the 1st futsal division and 2nd soccer division compared to the university futsal. In addition, higher PVT-CAR values on teams of 1st futsal division and 2nd soccer division compared to university and soccer players versus futsal (P < 0.05), declaring that there is a difference between the competitive levels and modalities. These results suggest that soccer players and those that play at high competitive levels have better performance in TCAR....(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Athletes , Efficiency , Physical Education and Training , Potency , Soccer , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. METHODS: The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. RESULTS: The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.
Subject(s)
Chemistry , Compliance , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Green Chemistry TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. METHODS: The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. RESULTS: The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.
Subject(s)
Chemistry , Compliance , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Green Chemistry TechnologyABSTRACT
Las actuales demandas de la educación superior precisan de enseñar a pensar a los estudiantes, lo que transforma la toma de decisiones pedagógicas en los profesores. Se realizó una investigación en el Politécnico de la Salud villaclareño, donde se caracterizó el acontecer de las prácticas evaluativas de los docentes y su influencia en el aprendizaje y desarrollo personal de los estudiantes, lo que sirvió de base en la elaboración de un manual para transformar las prácticas evaluativas de los profesores, con un contenido teórico actualizado y didáctico que incluye actividades prácticas que permiten la reflexión, el autodidactismo, autoevaluación y su utilización en actividades metodológicas en diferentes carreras y departamentos de la Facultad, motivándolos a modificar sus prácticas evaluativas. Este documento ha sido socializado en actividades metodológicas y eventos a diferentes niveles y escenarios de la educación superior.
The current demands of the higher education need to teach the students to think, which make transformations in the pedagogical decision taking on the part of the professors. A research work was carried out in the health Technology faculty in Villa Clara, where the professor's assessment activities were characterized and the learning and personal development of the students as well. On these bases a booklet was elaborated to transform the assessment practices of the professors, having updated theoretical and didactic contents which allow a reflexive knowledge, self-learning, self-evaluation and its usage in methodological activities in different departments and careers of the faculty, motivating them to modify their assessment practices. This document has been discussed in methodological activities and events at different levels and scenarios of the higher education.
Subject(s)
Evaluation Study , Educational Measurement , Evaluation Studies as Topic , LearningABSTRACT
A realização de avaliações físicas é fundamental para o controle e melhoria da performance de atletas de futebol. Desta forma, a utilização de testes de campo e laboratório tem sido uma prática constante para avaliar a aptidão aeróbia nesta modalidade. Contudo, é essencial a escolha do protocolo adequado de acordo com os objetivos estipulados. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão crítico-narrativa sobre a avaliação aeróbia em jogadores de futebol, englobando índices fisiológicos, testes de laboratório e de campo. Em relação aos índices aeróbios apresentados na presente revisão, foi possível observar que os índices (consumo máximo de oxigênio: VO2max, segundo limiar de transição fisiológica: LTF2, economia de corrida: EC) podem contribuir como subsidio para a elaboração dos programas de treinamento e para acompanhar os seus efeitos em jogadores de futebol. Entretanto, o LTF2 é o índice que apresenta maior sensibilidade aos efeitos de treinamento e que melhor discrimina a performance em atletas de diferentes níveis competitivos. Sobre os testes de campo, é possível afirmar que o TCar (teste de Carminatti) e o Yo-Yo recovery nível 1 (YYIR1) são os mais adequados para avaliação aeróbia de atletas de futebol, considerando especificidade, validade e reprodutibilidade. Contudo, o TCar apresenta a possibilidade de transferência dos indicadores de potência (PV) e capacidade (PDFC) aeróbia diretamente para as sessões de treinamento, enquanto que o YYIR1 explora principalmente a distância percorrida, que limita em parte tal transferência.
Physical assessments are fundamental for the control and improvement of the performance of soccer players. In this respect, field and laboratory tests are commonly used to evaluate physical fitness in this sports modality. However, it is important to choose the appropriate protocol according to the objectives of the assessment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform a critical-narrative review of the aerobic assessment of soccer players, including physiological indices and field and laboratory tests. With respect to the aerobic indices identified in this review, maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, and running economy were found to contribute to the development of training programs and help monitor their effects in soccer players. However, the anaerobic threshold is the index most sensitive to the effects of training and also better discriminates performance among athletes of different competitive levels. Regarding field tests, the Carminatti test (TCar) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) test are the most suitable tests for the aerobic assessment of soccer players considering their specificity, validity and reproducibility. However, the TCar permits the direct transfer of indicators of aerobic power and capacity to the training sessions, whereas the YYIR1 mainly explores the distance covered, which partly limits this transfer.