ABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha incrementado la investigación con respecto al desarrollo de ayudas que mejoren la independencia de los discapacitados visuales. El propósito de esta revisión es determinar la evidencia científica relacionada con ayudas externas para mejorar la independencia en personas con discapacidad visual severa o ceguera. Para efectuar el trabajo fueron consultadas las bases de datos de PubMed, Cochrane Database-Wiley Online Library, LILACS y Scielo, además de las publicaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el Instituto Nacional de Ciegos en Colombia, el Consejo Internacional de Oftalmología y los patrones preferidos de práctica en rehabilitación visual, de la Academia Americana de Oftalmología. Se incluyó un total de 43 artículos y documentos en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español para ser analizados. La mayoría de estos estudios fueron descriptivos, y no se encontraron ensayos controlados ni metanálisis. La tendencia observada es hacia ayudas tecnológicas con un diseño dirigido al usuario y cada vez más pequeñas, discretas, con múltiples funciones que comprenden sus actividades de la vida diaria(AU)
In the last few years, research on the development of aids to improve the independence of visually impaired people has increased. The objective of this review was to determine the scientific evidence related to external aids to improve the independence of persons with severe visual impairment or blindness. To carry out the study, PubMed, Cochrane Database-Wiley Online Library, LILACS and Scielo databases were consulted in addition to publications by the World Health Organization, National Institute of Blind People in Colombia, the International Council of Ophthalmology and the preferred patterns in visual rehabilitation practice of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. A total number of 43 articles and documents in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included to be analyzed. Most of the studies were descriptive ones and neither controlled assays nor meta-analysis were found. The observed tendency is the use of technological aids with a user-tailored design and increasingly small, discreet, having many functions that cover the daily life activity of those persons(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Disabled Persons , Education of Visually Disabled , Social Work , Communication Aids for Disabled/statistics & numerical data , Databases, BibliographicABSTRACT
Objective To explore the home-made U-shaped retractor ’ s effect on reducing the traction injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve in the video-assistance thyroidectomy . Methods The patients with unilateral and unifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma , which were diagnosed by ultrasound preparation and by pathological postoperation , were enrolled .They all underwent the ipdilateral lobectomy , isthmus resection and the clearance of central lymph nodes with video-assistance technology .From January 2013 to June 2014, 79 cases ( control group ) were received conventional method , by which the thyroid lobe was elevated onto the trachea surface.From January 2015 to March 2016, 71 cases (U-shaped group) accepted the procedure which adopted home-made U-shaped retractor to pull the thyroid lobe to carotid artery horizontally .The operations were completed by the same surgeon .There were no significant differences between the two groups in age , gender and lesion size , which is comparable .The incidence rate of hoarseness was compared postoperation . Results Postoperative hoarseness of the U-shaped group occurred in 6 cases (8.5%) and the control group in 17 cases (21.5%), which show a significantly statistical difference (χ2 =4.919, P=0.027).And there was no significant difference in voice recovery time [median:16.5 d (8-31 d) vs.18 d (4-50 d), Z=-0.246, P=0.806]. Conclusion In the video-assisted thyroidectomy , using the U-shaped retractor to pull the thyroid lobe laterally and horizontally will be beneficial to reduce the recurrent laryngeal nerve tension and the incidence of the retract injury .
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar se os enfermeiros do Brasil têm conhecimento das políticas e tecnologias de gestão nos serviços de saúde e enfermagem. Métodos: realizamos revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF e PAHO e os descritores: gestão em saúde, tecnologia em saúde, tecnologia assistencial e enfermagem, incluindo as publicações nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados: A análise resultou em 11 referências completas, no período de 2003 a 2007. Constatamos que os enfermeiros possuem articulação nos serviços de enfermagem e competência técnica no exercício profissional, porém, apresentam-se frágeis politicamente, o que limita sua autonomia profissional e os torna ainda subordinados a outros profissionais. Conclusão: diante dos avanços e constantes mudanças no setor saúde, particularmente no nível organizacional e técnico-científico, torna-se imprescindível que o(a) enfermeiro(a) desenvolva suas habilidades políticas, gerenciais e de liderança com participação responsável e de forma interdisciplinar.
Objective: To determine if Brazilian nurses have knowledge of politics and technologies for the administration of health care and nursing services. Method: A integrative literature review was conducted using the LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF, and PAHO databases. The key words "administration of health care," "health technology," and "health care technology and nursing," limited to publications in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were used to search the databases. Results: Eleven publications from 2003 to 2007 were retrieved. Nurses could articulate well in the nursing services and had technical competencies for professional nursing practice; however, they were fragile politically; this limited their professional autonomy and made them to be subordinated to other health care professionals. Conclusion: Advancement and continuing changes in health care, particularly in the organizational and technical-scientific levels, require nurses to develop and strengthen their political, management, and leadership skills to participate equally in a interdisciplinary leadership team.
Objetivo: Identificar si los enfermeros en Brasil tienen conocimiento de las políticas y tecnologías de administración en los servicios de salud y enfermería. Métodos: Fue realizada una revisión integradora de la literatura, utilizando las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF y PAHO y los descriptores: administración en salud, tecnología en salud, tecnología asistencial y enfermería, incluyendo las publicaciones en los idiomas portugués, castellano e inglés. Resultados: El análisis resultó en 11 referencias completas, en el período de 2003 a 2007. Fue constatado que los enfermeros poseen articulación en los servicios de enfermería y competencia técnica en el ejercicio profesional, sin embargo, se presentan frágiles políticamente, lo que limita su autonomía profesional y los vuelve subordinados de otros profesionales. Conclusión: Delante del avance y constantes cambios en el sector de la salud, particularmente en el nivel organizacional y técnico-científico, es imprescindible que el(la) Enfermero(a) desarrolle sus habilidades políticas, administrativas y de liderazgo con participación responsable y de forma interdisciplinar.