Curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina

Introducción: El proceso de formación de alumnos ayudantes exige nuevas concepciones teóricas y metodológicas, que permitan el desarrollo integral de los futuros profesionales de la salud. Esto mediante acciones específicas que influyan educativamente en la ejecución de los planes y programas de la carrera de Medicina, desde una proyección científica y pedagógica. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de los alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina de la Filial Universitaria de Ciencias Médicas, del municipio Cárdenas. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se sustenta desde la concepción dialéctico materialista. Los métodos teóricos fueron: histórico-lógico, análisis documental, sistematización, sistémico estructural funcional y modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se emplearon: revisión de documentos, encuestas a alumnos ayudantes y tutores. También se realizó observación al desempeño de los alumnos ayudantes. La población fue conformada por 103 alumnos ayudantes y 38 tutores. Resultados: Las insuficientes acciones pedagógicas para la formación de alumnos ayudantes, se constatan como problema en los tres indicadores de la dimensión cognitiva y en dos de los indicadores de las dimensiones procedimental y actitudinal. En el diseño del programa del curso electivo se abordan los temas a desarrollar, para potenciar la formación pedagógica en los alumnos ayudantes. Conclusiones: Se presenta un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina.

Introduction: The process of training assistant students requires new theoretical and methodological concepts that allow the comprehensive development of future health professionals. This by means of specific actions that educationally influence the execution of plans and programs of medicine studies, from a scientific and pedagogical projection. Objective: To design an elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the medicine undergraduate studies of University Campus of Medical Sciences, in the municipality of Cardenas. Materials and methods: The research is based on the dialectical materialist conception. The theoretical methods were: historical-logical, documentary analysis, systematization, systemic structural functional and modeling. Among empirical methods used were: documentary review, surveys of the assistant students and tutors. Observation of the performance of assistant students was also carried out. The population consisted of 103 assistant students and 38 tutors. Results: Insufficient pedagogical actions for the training of assistant students are found as problems in the three indicators of the cognitive dimension and in two of the indicators of the procedural and attitudinal dimensions. In the design of the program of the elective course, the topics to be developed to enhance the pedagogical training of the assistant students are addressed. Conclusions: An elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the Medicine undergraduate studies is presented.

Investigation on the demand and management status quo of scientific research assistants in hospitals and analysis of their development path based on the perspective of scientific research managers / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This study aims to explore the possible development path of hospital research assistants in China based on the cognition of the demand and management status quo from research management personnel in tertiary hospitals.Methods:62 scientific research management personnel from all over the country were surveyed, data about their cognition and the current status of scientific research assistants, that including the willingness of employ, position cognition, eligibility and competence, quantity and efficiency, management implementation, influencing factors and difficulties in team development, were collected and analyzed. Regarding to the practical needs and management status, the results were described by frequency, percentage and average score, and the rank sum test was used to verify whether there was any difference in the employment intention between the management department and the project team in the cognition of the survey subjects.Results:From the perspective of scientific research managers, there is a strong willingness at hospital level to employ the research assistant, positions require applicants with bachelor′s degree or above in medicine or other related majors. The most urgent needs are management of project funds, equipment and consumables, research integrity and ethics.The interviewees who work with research assistants think that the effect of research assistants on improving scientific research efficiency is obvious.However, the percentage of formulation of research assistants management measures is less than 40%, and the percentages of uniformly organized training and assessment are relatively low. There are still problems and challenges, such as incomplete cognition of the positioning and function, incomplete functional and vocational system, imperfect incentive mechanism and insufficient support for ability cultivation and improvement.Conclusions:It′s necessary to strengthen the top-down design of the development of scientific research assistant team and the construction of career system, improve the management basis and implementation mechanism, supporting resources should be in place, and promote capacity building system in order to develop a long-term mechanism of mutual promotion between the team building of scientific research assistants and the innovation of hospital scientific research management.

Overview of the application of knowledge graphs in the medical field / 生物医学工程学杂志

With the booming development of medical information technology and computer science, the medical services industry is gradually transiting from information technology to intelligence. The medical knowledge graph plays an important role in intelligent medical applications such as knowledge questions and answers and intelligent diagnosis, and is a key technology for promoting wise medical care and the basis for intelligent management of medical information. In order to fully exploit the great potential of knowledge graphs in the medical field, this paper focuses on five aspects: inter-drug relationship discovery, assisted diagnosis, personalized recommendation, decision support and intelligent prediction. The latest research progress on medical knowledge graphs is introduced, and relevant suggestions are made in light of the current challenges and problems faced by medical knowledge graphs to provide reference for promoting the wide application of medical knowledge graphs.

Design and application of auxiliary system for drug distribution in outpatient pharmacy / 药学实践杂志

Objective To construct the auxiliary system of outpatient drug distribution, reduce errors and improve the quality of outpatient pharmaceutical service. Methods The bar code technology was used to independently develop outpatient pharmacy dispensing assistant system. The system design and function are introduced. The practical application effect of the system was evaluated on dispensing errors, efficiency and pharmacist evaluation. Results Based on the special network environment of the hospital, the system integrated the functions of drug check, prescription right management, expiration date management and medication instruction. After using the system, the number of dispensing errors decreased from 84 to 25. The waiting time for patients to receive medicine decreased by 151 seconds. All pharmacists surveyed agreed that auxiliary system was helpful to pharmacists’ work. Conclusion The system reduced the medication dispensing error in outpatient pharmacy, improved work efficiency and the quality of pharmaceutical care.

Application and Progress of Intelligent Assistant Diagnosis in Mental Health Assessment System / 中国医疗器械杂志

The establishment of mental health assessment system provides a new way for the early diagnosis of mental health problems, in view of the growing population of mental diseases and problems and the uneven distribution of mental health resources. In the mental health assessment system, intelligent assistant diagnosis can assist or help psychiatrists improve their work efficiency. Intelligent assistant diagnosis provides technical support for predictive screening and auxiliary diagnosis of mental health problems. It is an intelligent diagnosis research based on big data analysis and machine learning in mental health assessment system. This article mainly reviews the application methods, the application progress in the field of mental health, as well as related technical issues and safety issues, and prospects the future research development.

Los alumnos ayudantes de las ciencias médicas y la necesidad de su preparación pedagógica

RESUMEN Se realizó una revisión de la instrucción 37/2011 del Viceministerio de Atención a la Docencia y las Investigaciones del Ministerio de Salud Pública, y del Reglamento de Trabajo Docente Metodológico no. 02/2018 del Ministerio de Educación Superior, sobre el Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes Frank País García, sus objetivos fundamentales, los requisitos que deben poseer sus miembros, y la preparación curricular desde el punto de vista pedagógico que reciben los estudiantes de las diferentes carreras para su mejor desempeño en la función docente. Se analiza y se destaca lo potenciada que están, en este sentido, las licenciaturas en Enfermería y en Tecnología de la Salud -no así el resto de las carreras-, tanto para el movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes como para su labor docente una vez graduados, por lo que se opina que pueden realizarse reflexiones que sugieran investigaciones futuras y nuevos juicios acerca de este proceso.

ABSTRACT It was carried out a review of the instruction 37/2011 of the Deputy Ministry of Attention to Teaching and Research of the Ministry of Public Health, and of the Methodological Teaching Work Regulation Nr. 2/2018 on the Students Assistants Movement Frank Pais Garcia, its main objectives, the requirements that should have its members, and the curricular training that, from the pedagogical point of view, is received by the students of the different courses for their better performance in the teaching function. It is analyzed and highlighted how empowered are, in this sense, degrees in Nursing and in Heath Technologies-not so the rest of the courses-as well as for the movement of students assistants as for their teaching work once they are graduated. Therefore it is given the opinion that reflections should be made suggesting future research and new judgments on this process.

Discussion of full-time research assistants in China′s large hospitals: current development status and management review / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To discuss the development and management of full-time research assistants in China′s large hospitals.Methods:Through the methods of policy sorting, literature research, summarization, and classification, this study focused on the policy background, development opportunities, and the needs of the times for the position establishment of research assistants in China′s large hospitals, comprehensively classified the practical exploration and existing problems of employing and managing full-time research assistants in typical large hospitals in the country, and discussed the relevant management strategies learned from international experience.Results:In addition to hospitals directly affiliated with colleges and universities, dozens of large local hospitals in more than ten provinces have carried out beneficial practices of establishing the employment, management, and assessment systems for research assistants positions and achieved some progress. However, there are still common problems such as limited cognition of ″temporary positions″, insufficient coverage of the positions, low salary and welfare, and lack of training and development mechanisms as well as promotion and career development paths.Conclusions:The development and management of research assistants in large hospitals have gradually shifted their purpose from alleviating the employment issue of the graduates to reserving talented people in medical teaching, researching and managing, forming a high-quality, professional, and full-time medical scientific team, and continuously innovating. This article puts forward some suggestions about establishing the management system of research assistants, strengthening the standardized training for talented people, and constructing a diversified incentive mechanism combining performance appraisal and target management for research assistants.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of pigtail catheter applying in single port video assistant thoracic surgery for pulmonary tumor: a study based on propensity score matching / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of pigtail catheter applying in single port video assistant thoracic surgery(VATS) for pulmonary tumor.Methods:A total of 441 patients undergoing single port VATS were obtained in this study. The patients were divided into chest-tube group and pigtail-catheter group. We used propensity score matching to match the patients 1∶1 and the clinical factors of the two groups were compared.Results:There were 143 patients in each group successfully matched by propensity score matching. The total drainage of 3 days after operation of pigtail-catheter group was significantly more than chest-tube group(375.49 ml vs. 285.03 ml, P<0.001). The pleural effusion on CT scan two weeks after surgery of pigtail-catheter group was significantly less than chest-tube group(131.77 ml vs. 178.84 ml, P=0.032). There was no significant difference between the two groups for the pain score, drainage days and inpatient days. Conclusion:Pigtail catheter can effectively improve the drainage of single port VATS, and there was no influence for the advantage of the surgery.

Percepção das mães de crianças submetidas ao Teste do Pezinho em Unidades Básicas de Saúde / Perception of the mothers on children undergoing the Heel Prick Blood Test in Basic Health Units

Objetivo: Investigar a percepção das mães das crianças submetidas à triagem neonatal biológica. Métodos: Estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com mães de crianças triadas nas 16 Unidades Básicas de Saúde localizadas na sede do município de Sobral, Ceará, no ano de 2012. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Resultados: As mães possuíam conhecimento da importância do "teste do pezinho", porém apresentavam um conceito distorcido deste. Afirmaram que foram orientadas quanto à existência do teste no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, todavia, não houve orientação no momento da realização do procedimento. Ainda, consideraram algumas fragilidades no atendimento das unidades de saúde, contudo, mostraram-se satisfeitas. Conclusão: É fundamental a capacitação dos profissionais que realizam a triagem neonatal biológica, para que, dessa forma, promovam orientações satisfatórias a essas mães que levam seus filhos para realização do teste.

Objective: To investigate the perception of mothers on their children undergoing the heel prick blood test, a neonatal biological screening. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with sixteen mothers screened in sixteen Family Health Units in the city of Sobral, in 2012. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Results: The mothers were aware of the importance of the heel prick blood test, however, they had a wrong concept about it. They stated that there was guidance about the test existence in the Pregnancy circle, but no guidance was provided during the procedure. They considered some weaknesses in the assistance in the Health Units, but, in the end, they showed satisfaction. Conclusion: The training of professionals who perform the neonatal biological screening is essential so that they promote satisfactory guidance to these mothers that take their children to undergo the test.

Metodología para la formación profesional de alumnos ayudantes, mediante tareas docentes de desempeño / Methodology for the professional training of assistant student s by means of performance educational tasks

RESUMEN Introducción: la validación sistemática de los resultados de la práctica educativa en las universidades médicas cubanas, revela la importancia y trascendencia del proceso de formación profesional de alumnos ayudantes en las diferentes disciplinas, a partir de la determinación de las necesidades formativas de carácter docente o científico-técnico. Objetivo: elaborar una metodología para la formación profesional de alumnos ayudantes, mediante el empleo de tareas docentes de desempeño. Materiales y métodos: durante la investigación se aplicaron métodos como el analítico-sintético, el histórico-lógico y la sistematización. También se empleó una encuesta de autoevaluación, la consulta a expertos y el grupo focal para la validación de la metodología. Para el procesamiento de los datos, fueron aplicados métodos estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados: la metodología fue validada teóricamente mediante la consulta a expertos y el desarrollo de un grupo focal integrado por nueve especialistas, quienes evaluaron de muy adecuado cuatro de los seis indicadores propuestos. Las sugerencias realizadas se encaminaron hacia el logro de aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos, enriqueciéndose la propuesta inicial. Conclusiones: se elaboró una metodología para la formación profesional de alumnos ayudantes, mediante el empleo de tareas docentes de desempeño. Sus contenidos estructurales quedaron definidos en cuatro etapas fundamentales: diagnóstico, planificación, ejecución y evaluación (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the systematic validation of the results of the educational practice in Cuban medical universities discloses the importance and transcendence of the process of assistant students' professional training in the different academic subjects, starting from the determination of the training necessities of educational and scientific-technical character. Objective: to elaborate a methodology for the professional training of assistant students using performance educational tasks. Materials and methods: during the research the authors applied methods like the analytic-synthetic and the historical-logical ones and systematization. An auto-assessment survey, experts' consultation and the focal group for methodology validation were also used. Mathematic-statistical methods were applied for data processing. Results: the methodology was theoretically validated by means of experts' consultation and the development of a focal nine-specialist group, who evaluated as very suitable four of the six proposed indicators. The suggestions made headed toward the achievement of conceptual and methodological aspects, making the initial proposal richer. Conclusions: a methodology for the professional training of assistant students was elaborated by means of the employment of performance educational tasks. The methodology structural contents were defined in four essential stages: diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation (AU).

Construction of an occupational stress management system for medical staff based on employee assistant program / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To develop an occupational stress management system for medical staff, in order to provide scientific reference for management actions.Methods:From January 2019 to July 2020, a stress management system initially took shape based on employee assistant program(EAP)and the assessment-prevention-control-evaluation organizational stress management model, pinpointing pediatrics featuring high occupational stress as the breakthrough point. Other means called into play include literature review and semi-structured interviews of pediatric managers and staff, for the purposes of learning the status of stress management. Delphi method was also used to learn by correspondence the occupational stress management system as seen by pediatric experts. The weight of items was determined by percentage method.Results:Eight managers and eight pediatric staff were interviewed, with four topics identified. Twenty experts participated in 2 rounds of Delphi inquiry by correspondence, and the recovery rates were 91% and 100% respectively. The authority coefficients were 0.78 and 0.80, and the Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.17 and 0.14(both P<0.01). The finalized occupational stress management system consists of 5 level-1 indicators, including organization system, stress assessment, stress prevention, stress control and effect evaluation, as well as 21 level-2 indicators and 71 level-3 indicators. Conclusions:The occupational stress management system of medical staff is scientific, reliable and comprehensive, serving as a useful reference for the hospital management in their occupational stress management work.

Construction and application of central monitoring system of hospital ward monitor / 中华医院管理杂志

The authors introduced the construction of the central monitoring system of bedside monitor in a hospital, and introduced its software and hardware design scheme and function in detail. The implementation of the system guaranteed the medical safety, reduced the workload of medical staff, improved the work efficiency, and had the characteristics of low cost and practicability.

Practice and discussion on the construction of research assistant team in research hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To discuss strategies for building a high level research assistant team in research hospital.Methods:This paper illustrates and analyzes the construction experiences of the research assistant team and its positive impact on the construction of research hospitals, discusses reflections on the construction of high-level research assistant team from the aspects of talent introduction, management system, incentive measures and education and employment in combination with problems identified during the construction process.Results:Research hospitals can improve the stability and competitiveness of the research assistant team by improving the degree of attention, improving the management system, improving the evaluation and incentive system, and strengthening the training and cultivation.Conclusions:Accelerating the development of scientific research and innovation team with appropriate structure are the foundations for promoting the construction of research hospitals, so it is imperative to promote the construction of research assistant team.

An optimization method of weighted network module partition based on TCM theory of "monarch, minister, assistant and guide" / 中国中药杂志

The disease-gene-drug multi-level network constructed by network pharmacology can predict drug targets and has been widely used in the study of material basis and mechanism of action of Chinese medicinal prescriptions. However, most of the current studies have normalized the efficacies of Chinese herbal medicines in the compounds during the construction of the network. There is also a lack of in-depth exploration of the mechanism of synergy among multiple components. This study proposed a network module partition method based on group collaboration and the pharmacological network was weighed according to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "monarch, minister, assistant and guide". Taking the Tanyu Tongzhi Prescription as an example, we constructed its pharmacological network for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The group collaboration module in the network was identified and the network changes before and after the weighting were compared based on the network topology analysis to explore a new method to find the core nodes of the network as well as the core drugs that affected the efficacy of the compounds. The results showed that the module partition method based on group collaboration could be used to identify and partition group collaboration mo-dules in pharmacological networks of compounds. The proposed weighted network based on the TCM theory of "monarch, minister, assistant, and guide" could identify and partition the modules based on the characteristics of the pharmacological network. The identification and partition results of modules of Tanyu Tongzhi Prescription in the weighted network were superior to those in the unweighted network. The weighted closeness centrality(WCC) evaluation method was conducive to finding key nodes and relations in the network as compared with traditional methods, thereby providing a basis for analyzing the core components of drugs and extracting more accurate drug components and targets.

Application of AI Technology in Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the role of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19.@*METHODS@#To study the application progress and characteristics of artificial intelligence technology in CT image diagnosis, routine outpatient data diagnosis and complication prediction of COVID-19, and analyze the performance of the algorithm and the clinical benefits obtained in the process of diagnosis and treatment.@*RESULTS@#The performance of artificial intelligence technology in assisted diagnosis of the diagnosis and prediction of complications is relatively satisfactory.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Artificial intelligence technology can help medical institutions effectively alleviate the shortage of medical resources, improve diagnosis efficiency and treatment quality in the COVID-19 epidemic. Related models have good clinical application value.

A Design of Assistive Device for Toilet Based on Sitting-to-stand Motion Trajectory / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To design a toilet assistant device according with an ergonomics based on the natural sit-to-stand transition motion trajectory, to improve the safety and comfort for the older adults. Methods:The sit-to-stand transition motion trajectory was obtained at different speeds using Inertial Measurement Unit from twelve healthy subjects. The finite element contrastive pressures on toilet seat at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40° sitting inclination angles were compared from this trajectory to the other research trajectory, as well as the balance analysis after standing. A total of 20 healthy subjects experienced the toilet assistant device and reported their satisfaction. Results:At four angles of inclination, the average pressure of this trajectory was less than that of the other research; while the vertical projection of center of mass was within the range of center of pressure, satisfying the balance condition. Most of the subjects were satisfactory to the toilet assistant device. Conclusion:A new sit-to-stand transition motion trajectory has been obtained. A toilet assistant device based on the motion trajectory has been designed, which is comfortable and steady.

Discussion on the academic system of "theory, method, recipe and degree" in s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province / 中国针灸

The theory and technique of s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province are reviewed in clinical diagnosis and treatment and the core theoretical system is refined. Based on clinical experiences and in consideration of the analysis on relevant literature, the academic system of s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province is summarized as four aspects, named "theory, method, recipe and degree". "Theory" refers to the four diagnostic methods and eight principle in terms of diagnosis and treatment and the therapeutic emphasis on the main disorders of organs in children. "Method" refers to promotion and restriction of five elements, meridian tropism in treatment. "Recipe" refers to the selection of acupoints, optimization of therapeutic techniques and the key in the composition of the herbs with different roles considered, named monarch herb, minister herb, assistant herb and guiding herb. "Degree" refers to the strength and intensity of manipulation to ensure the optimal effect. All of the aforementioned reviews provide the reference to theoretic study on this Chinese massage school.

Validación y aplicación de una escala de conocimientos y prácticas sobre higienización de manos en estudiantes de odontología

Objetivo: Validar y aplicar una escala de conocimientos y prácticas en higienización de las manos en estudiantes de odontología. Metodología: Estudio longitudinal de validación y aplicación de una escala e intervención educativa en una población de 39 estudiantes de odontología. Se empleó una fuente de información primaria que consiste en una escala de conocimientos y prácticas; la fiabilidad se evaluó con el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach; la consistencia interna y la validez discriminante con coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y la validez de contenido y constructo mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio de componentes principales. La efectividad de la intervención educativa respecto a los conocimientos y prácticas se evalúo con un análisis bivariado. Resultados: El porcentaje de éxito en la consistencia interna fue de 77,2% para los ítems de conocimientos y 72,7% para los de prácticas; la validez discriminante fue del 100% para ambos dominios; para la validez de contenido y constructo, el porcentaje de éxito fue del 100%; en la fiabilidad se obtuvieron alfa de Cronbach iguales a 0,7. Los puntajes en los dominios de conocimientos y prácticas fueron significativamente mejores después de la intervención educativa. Conclusiones: Se halló una excelente confiabilidad y validez en la escala construida, lo que representa la disponibilidad de un instrumento para la evaluación de los conocimientos y prácticas en higienización de las manos en profesionales de la salud y la orientación de procesos de información, comunicación y educación.

Objective: To validate and apply a scale of knowledge and practices in hand sanitation in dentistry students. Method: Longitudinal study to validate and apply a scale of educational intervention in a population of 39 dentistry students. We used a primary source of information which consists of the scale; reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's coefficient; internal consistency and validity were evaluated with chi-squared coefficients and content validity was evaluated through exploratory analysis of main components. Effectiveness of the pedagogical intervention in terms of knowledge and practices was evaluated with a two-variable analysis. Results: The percentage of success in internal consistency was 77.2% for knowledge items and 72.7% for the practicum items. Validity was of 100% for both, and content had a success percentage of 100% as well. Reliability was 0.7. The scores in knowledge and practices were quite better after the pedagogical intervention. Conclusion: We found excellent reliability and validity in the built scale, which represents the availability of an instrument for evaluation of knowledge and practice in hand sanitization in professionals of the health areas and the orientation in the process of information, communication and education.

Objetivo: validar e aplicar uma escala de conhecimentos e práticas em higienizção das maos em estudantes de Odontología. Metodología: estudo longitudinal de validação e aplicação de uma escala e intervenção educativa com uma população de 39 estudantes de Odontologia. Foi utilizada uma fonte de informação primária que consiste em uma escala de conhecimentos e práticas; a confiabilidade foi avaliada com o coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach; a consistência interna e a validade discriminante com coeficientes de correlação de Pearson, e a validade de conteúdo e constructo mediante a análise fatorial exploratória de componentes principais. A efetividade da intervenção educativa quanto aos conhecimentos e as práticas foi avaliada com uma análise bivariada. Resultados: a porcentagem de sucesso na consistência interna foi de 77,2% para os itens de conhecimentos e 72,7% para os de práticas; a validade discriminante foi de 100% para ambos os domínios; para a validade de conteúdo e constructo, a porcentagem de sucesso foi de 100%; na confiabilidade, foram obtidos alfas de Cronbach iguais a 0,7. As pontuações nos mesmos dominios de conhecimento e práticas foram significativamente melhores depois da intervenção educativa. Conclusões: foi verificada excelente confiabilidade e validade na escala construída, o que representa a disponibilidade de um instrumento para avaliar os conhecimentos e práticas em higienização das mãos em profissionais da saúde e a orientação de processos de informação, comunicação e educação.

Assessment of knowledge and practices of biomedical waste management and infection control among health assistants in a rural block of Nadia district, West Bengal

Background: Improper biomedical waste management, inadequate precautions to prevent needle stick injuries and air-borne infections among health care workers can lead to several hazards not only to them, but community can also be in danger due to environmental pollutions or risk of transmission of diseases. Sub-centres are the peripheral most points to deliver health services and health assistants posted there are in a unique position to get infected frequently if they are not adhering to standard protocols to manage these problems. The current study aimed to assess the status of infrastructure of sub-centres, knowledge and practices of the health assistants related to biomedical waste management and infection control.Methods: A cross-sectional study had been conducted in 40 sub-centres of Chakdaha block, Kalyani subdivision, Nadia district, West Bengal, selected purposively. All the health assistants were interviewed after taking informed consent with a pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. An observational checklist had been used to assess infrastructure of the sub-centres and also some practices of the health assistants.Results: More than half of the study population (61.6% and 63%) secured poor score regarding knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management and infection control respectively. There was no relationship between knowledge and practices of the same (p=0.187).Conclusions: Pre-service and also frequent in-service training should be conducted to improve the knowledge and practices of the health assistants. Regular monitoring, supervision of their day to day work by the higher authority, can improve their attitude and practices related to such an important public health issue.

Coordination skills of the hand mirror in thoracoscopic esophagectomy for mediastinal lymph node dissection / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the coordination skills of the assistant hand mirror in thoracoscopic esophagectomy for mediastinal lymph node dissection.Methods From September 2012 to September 2016,four hundred and thirty-eight cases were treated with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Putian University.Retrospective analysis was made to summarize the matters needing attention in the mediastinal lymph node dissection of different regions.Results All the operations were successful,thirty-four cases were transferred to thoracotomy,and the conversion rate was 7.8％ (34/438).Twenty-three cases were converted to open surgery,and the conversion rate was 5.2％ (23/438).The operation time ranged from 186 to 358 min,with an average of (245.5±62.2) min;the intraoperative bleeding volume ranged from 50 to 1350 ml,with an average of (100±10) ml;the removal time of closed thoracic drainage tube ranged from 8 to 46 d,with an average of (12.4±3.5) d;and the hospitalization time ranged from 14 to 52 d,with an average of (17.9± 2.6) d.Conclusion In thoracoscopic mediastinal lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer,the arm-rest needs to systematically understand the structure,performance and operation method of each component of thoracoscopy,fully grasp the operation procedure and corresponding anatomical structure of esophageal cancer,fully understand the operation habits of the operator,dynamically and timely adjust the angle and focal length of the lens,and match them.The operation was successfully completed.