ABSTRACT
Along with the application and development of the assisted reproductive technology in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,the emergence of frozen embryos in the law,medicine,and ethics area are gradually increased.Two-child policy makes more older couples choose assisted reproductive technology,which will cause more disputes about frozen embryos.There is no unified conclusion of the legal status of human embryos,and there exists three main views of embryos namely property,person and intermediate state.Defined the legal status of frozen embryos as ethical substance,this paper analyzed the main position and possible legal and ethical issues involved in the disposal of frozen embryos through three typical cases.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective fetal reduction (SFR) and compare the outcome of twin pregnancy after SFR in multiple pregnancy induced by assisted reproductive technology (ART) with that of natural twin pregnancy. METHODS: From September 1995 to March 2002 in Ajou University Hospital, SFR was performed in 79 patients whose gestational sacs were more than 3. Of these 79 patients, 47 patents resulted in twin pregnancy after SFR. SFR was performed using transvaginal intracardiac KCl injection at gestational age of 6~9 weeks. Control group was composed of 264 patients with natural twin pregnancy, who delivered after intrauterine pregnancy at 24 weeks, from June 1994 through December 2002. We compared Obstetric and perinatal outcomes between SFR group and natural twin group. RESULTS: Among 47 patients with twin pregnancy after SFR, 2 spontaneous abortion were occurred at intrauterine pregnancy at 8 and 19 weeks. Obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were available in 43 patients. Single intrauterine fetal death was occurred in 1 of 43 (2.3%) patients in SFR group. incidence of preterm labor, premature rupture of membrane, preeclampsia and placenta previa were similar, but gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was occurred more frequently in SFR group (3 (7.0%) vs 4 (1.5%), p=0.02). Mean gestational age, mean birth weight, incidence of discordancy, use of intubation and ventilation, incidence of fetal anomaly, low (<7) Apgar score and intrauterine growth restriction were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Twin pregnancy after SFR has the increased incidence for GDM but other obstetric and perinatal outcome was similar compared with natural twin pregnancy. So SFR is a safe and effective procedure, so we suggest SFR is needed in multifetal pregnancy more than triplet.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abortion, Spontaneous , Apgar Score , Birth Weight , Diabetes, Gestational , Fetal Death , Gestational Age , Gestational Sac , Incidence , Intubation , Membranes , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Placenta Previa , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal , Pregnancy, Multiple , Pregnancy, Twin , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Rupture , Triplets , VentilationABSTRACT
Objective To find out about the current situation of the human assisted reproduction technology(ART) in China so as to provide basis for the formulation of relevant policies. Methods Investigations were conducted by means of epidemiological and sociological surveys. Results By the end of 1999, the number of institutions delivering IVF reached 70 or so and some other institutions were starting to or preparing to start to deliver it. However, the number of ART centers that were big in scale was very limited and the rate of complications of pregnancy via IVF was much higher than that of natural pregnancy. In addition, there were problems in the control of sperm, ovum, and impregnated ovum and many issues of ethicality and laws and regulations remained to be resolved in delivering ART. Overdevelopment of the technology resulted mainly from the drive for profits. Conclusion It is extremely urgent to strengthen control of ART. In particular, great attention must be paid to the safety of the IVF technology. Also, more efforts need to be made to speed up the formulation of relevant laws and regulations concerning ART.
ABSTRACT
Science and technology is known as a two-blade sword. For on one hand, the scientific development has brought human incredible advantages, while on the other hand, it has also lead to many dilemmas between science and ethics. For instance, technologies such as test-tube baby, artificial fertilization and in vitro fertilization, and cloning have drawn a lot of attention. A serous reflection should be given to ethics-related issues caused by these high-tech products.
ABSTRACT
With the development of modern medical science and technology,especially modern assisted reproductive technologies,the natural attribute of human reproductive behavior is being increasingly eliminated by its social attribute.The quantity and quality of reproduction have direct influence on the status of social existence and development,thus human have made more and more interfere in human reproductive behavior for social benefits by controlling the demand of childbearing,changing the manner of reproduction,and designing and choosing the result of childbearing.The interference is eliminating the connection of reproduction and sexes,and breaking the original stable social relation based on natural order.While the nature attribute of human reproductive behavior is being eliminated,the urgent problem facing modern people is how to rebuild the stability of social order.
ABSTRACT
Transsexuals are specific humans who abandon their traditionally functional reproduction.However they may wish to have a child in the new-gender identity.At present in China,assisted reproductive technology(ART) should be limited to those female-to-male transsexuals with a female partner.The assisted reproductive institutions should keep the information for transsexuals confidential in the whole treatment procedure.In some cases,we could appeal to the ART ethics committee for support.Before sex reassignment surgery(SRS),the candidate transsexuals could preserve their fertility by cryo-storing germ cells,tissues and organs for future reproductive usage.