Regularity of prescriptions for sick sinus syndrome based on latent structure combined with association rules / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to mine the regularity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions for sick sinus syndrome(SSS) and provide a reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. The relevant papers were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed with the time interval from inception to January 31, 2023. The relevant information from qualified papers was extracted to establish a library. Lantern 5.0 and Rstudio were used to analyze the latent structure and association rules of TCMs with the frequency ≥3%, which combined with frequency descriptions, were used to explore the rules of TCM prescriptions for SSS. A total of 192 TCM prescriptions were included, involving 115 TCMs with the cumulative frequency of 1 816. High-frequency TCMs include Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The high-frequency medicines mainly had the effects of tonifying, releasing exterior with pungent-warm, and activating blood and resolving stasis. The analysis of the latent structure model yielded 13 hidden variables, 26 hidden classes, 8 comprehensive cluster models, and 21 core prescriptions. Accordingly, the common syndromes of SSS were inferred as heart-Yang Qi deficiency, heart-spleen Yang deficiency, heart-kidney Yang deficiency, Yang deficiency and blood stasis, both Qi and Yin deficiency and blood stasis, and Yin and Yang deficiency. The analysis of association rules predicted 30 strong association rules, among which Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata had the highest support. SSS is a syndrome with Yang deficiency and Qi deficiency as the root causes and cold, phlegm, and stasis as the manifestations. The clinical treatment of SSS should focus on warming Yang and replenishing Qi, which should be supplemented with the therapies of activating blood and resolving stasis, warming interior and dissipating cold, or regulating Qi movement for resolving phlegm according to the patients' syndromes.

Diagnosis and Treatment Reasoning of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Against Acute Abdomen Based on Knowledge Graph / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveIn view of the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the acute abdomen and the inheritance of diagnosis and treatment experience of prestigious veteran traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） doctors， a diagnosis and treatment reasoning algorithm based on association rule mining under incomplete evidence（AMIE）+ random walk was proposed to provide information services and technical support for primary doctors by recommending personalized diagnosis and treatment plans based on medical records. MethodThe experience of diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen of prestigious veteran TCM doctors and the text data of clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines of integrated TCM and western medicine were collected to complete the task of knowledge extraction and construct acute abdomen knowledge graph based on Neo4j. On the basis of ontology-supported rule-based reasoning， the rule reasoning based on similar syndromes was used to expand the syndrome combinations whose Jaccard similarity was greater than the threshold in the syndrome recommendation results. The semantic path coverage algorithm was used to calculate the semantic similarity between the symptom nodes. The symptom nodes were divided into 10 categories， and the symptom nodes in the same category were extended. The random walk algorithm was used to search the symptom nodes connected with the syndrome， and the connection rules between the syndrome and symptom nodes were extended to realize the knowledge reasoning of AMIE+ random walk. ResultThe acute abdomen knowledge graph included 1 320 nodes and 2 464 relationships. According to the link prediction evaluation index of knowledge reasoning， the reasoning results of the three algorithms in the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen were compared. The AMIE+ random walk algorithm complemented the knowledge graph by extending the similar syndrome connection rules and the syndrome-symptom connection rules. Compared with the knowledge reasoning algorithm based on ontology rules， the area under the curve （AUC） was 15.18% higher and the accuracy was 30.36% higher， which achieved more accurate and effective knowledge inference. ConclusionThis study used knowledge graph technology to visualize the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen with TCM and western medicine， assisting primary clinicians in intuitively viewing the diagnosis and treatment process and data relationship. The proposed diagnosis and treatment reasoning algorithm can realize the personalized diagnosis and treatment plan recommendation at the level of "disease-syndrome-diagnosis-treatment-prescription"， which can assist primary doctors in disease diagnosis and treatment and clinical decision-making， contribute to the knowledge sharing and application of diagnosis and treatment experience and clinical guidelines of prestigious veteran TCM doctors， improve the level of primary clinical diagnosis and treatment， and promote the normalization and standardization of the diagnosis and treatment process of acute abdomen with integrated TCM and western medicine.

Regularity of prescriptions for intermediate and advanced lung cancer based on latent structure combined with association rules / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the regularity of prescriptions for the treatment of intermediate and advanced lung cancer to provide references for clinical medication. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were searched for the research papers on the treatment of lung cancer by Chinese medicine published from database inception to May 31, 2021. The relevant information of qualified papers was extracted to establish a database. The Chinese medicines with frequency >3% underwent analysis of the latent structure and association rules by Lantern 5.0 and SPSS Molder 14.1, respectively, and the prescription regularity in the treatment of intermediate and advanced lung cancer was analyzed based on the frequency description. A total of 713 papers were included, involving 327 Chinese medicines with a cumulative frequency of 12 794 and 106 prescriptions with a cumulative frequency of 824. The commonly used Chinese medicines were dominated by deficiency-tonifying, heat-clearing, phlegm-resolving, and cough/dyspnea-relieving drugs, such as Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ophiopogonis Radix, Poria, and Hedyotis Diffusa, which are cold, warm, and plain in nature and sweet, bitter, and pungent in flavor, and mainly act on lung, spleen, and stomach meridians. Commonly used prescriptions included Shashen Maidong Decoction, Liujunzi Decoction, and Baihe Gujin Decoction. The latent structure analysis revealed 32 latent variables and 65 hidden classes. Six comprehensive clustering models and 11 core prescriptions were obtained by professional knowledge inference. The common syndromes of intermediate and advanced lung cancer were inferred to be Qi and Yin deficiency in the lung, Qi deficiency in the lung and spleen, Yin deficiency in the liver and kidney, combined phlegm and stasis, phlegm-heat obstructing lung, and Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Forty-four strong associations were screened out by association rules analysis, including four pairwise strong associations(Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma→Ophiopogonis Radix, Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma→Glehniae Radix, Amomi Fructus→Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Polygonati Rhizoma→Astragali Radix) and 40 triplet strong associations(such as Trichosanthis Radix+Glehniae Radix→Ophiopogonis Radix, Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma+Glehniae Radix→Ophiopogonis Radix, Trichosanthis Radix+Ophiopogonis Radix→Glehniae Radix, and Scutellariae Barbatae Herba+Codonopsis Radix→Hedyotis Diffusa). In the treatment of intermediate and advanced lung cancer, Qi-replenishing and Yin-nourishing drugs are mainly employed, assisted with cancer-resisting, toxin-removing, spleen-invigorating, phlegm/stasis-resolving, and blood-activating drugs based on syndrome differentiation. The roots were treated following the principles of tonifying lungs and replenishing the spleen, and symptoms following the principles of removing the toxin, dispelling stasis, and resolving phlegm.

Study on characteristics and regularity of acupuncture prescription by / 中国针灸

Summarized the characteristics and rules of

Knowledge structure of lumbago's symptoms and employed acupoints in book A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion based on Weka preprocessing association rules / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To dig the knowledge structure of lumbago's symptoms and acupoints in book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) and Zhenjiu Dacheng (Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) in order to provide a possible scientific method for exploring their combination regularities in ancient Chinese medical books about acupuncture-moxibustion, and to investigate the feasibility and scientificity of the "association rule" in trimming the related ancient medical books and records. METHODS: The articles about lumbago's symptoms and employed acupoints were screened from classic me-dical book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing and Zhenjiu Dacheng, followed by establishing a database. Then, the bidimensional correlation analysis about the lumbago-symptoms and symptoms-acupoints was conducted by using Apriori algorithm of Weka3.9.0 platform. RESULTS: A total of 153 entries about symptoms as spinalgia (31.68%) and cold limbs (25.74%) and the employed acupoints as Weizhong (BL40，17.60%), Shenshu (BL23, 9.60%) and Kunlun (BL60, 6.40%) are found. The top 3 supplemented acupoints are BL40 for concomitant symptoms of spinalgia, BL23 for cold limbs, and BL60 for dizzy symptoms. Regarding the paired acupoints for lumbago, the most frequently used ones are BL23-BL40 (30.40%)．. CONCLUSION: In book Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing and Zhenjiu Dacheng, lumbago has chief symptoms of spinalgia and cold limbs that are mainly disorders of the Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang and Governor Vessel, and the acupoints of these two meridians are frequently selected in combination with some specific acupoints.

Research on compatibility rule of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia based on data mining / 中草药

Objective: To summarize the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) by data mining. Methods: To collect the relevant literatures of TCM treatment of HHcy from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019. TCMSS V 2.5 was used to count the frequency of medication, common drug pairs and drug combinations; Association rules, improved mutual information method, complex system entropy cluster analysis were used to analyze drug association rules and core drug combinations; Unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering was used to analyze the new prescriptions. Results: There were 156 prescriptions with 199 Chinese medicinal herbs and 46 Chinese medicinal herbs of them with functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, promoting urination and draining dampness, pacifying liver and extingushing wind and tonic deficiency were used for more than 10 times,. A total of 33 high-frequency drug combinations were obtained through data mining, and the top five combinations were Poria-Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Astragali Radix, Carthami Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma. A total of 20 core drug combinations and 10 potential new prescriptions were obtained through evolution. Conclusion: In the treatment of HHcy in TCM, blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicines, urination-promoting and dampness-draining medicines, liver-pacifying and wind-extingushing medicines and tonic deficiency medicines were mostly used. These prescriptions show that the main methods of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm and turbidity, as well as supplementing qi and invigorating spleen, promoting urination and draining dampness, removing phlegm and widening chest reflect the characteristics of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of TCM.

Study on component compatibility regularity of Chinese material medica in treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on association rules mining / 中草药

To reveal the relationship between components and components, components and syndromes based on data mining. Analyzing the component compatibility regularity in treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the component level provides the basis for treating the diseases with multi-component Chinese medicine based on the combination of syndrome and symptom in Chinese medicine clinic. Through the collection and structural processing of the key points in the literature data in recent 20 years, the mining results of Chinese material medica (Chinese medicinal materials/decoction pieces), Chinese patent medicine and related components for the treatmet of cardiovascular diseases were analyzed by association rules mining algorithm. The component compatibilities for treating cardiovascular diseases with a higher correlation were screened out. New component compatibility forms were found. The effective substances and/or possible component compatibility of single herb and Chinese herbal compound were confirmed or speculated. The relationship between components compatibility and diseases, components and syndromes were revealed. Based on association rules mining, it can provide new ideas and methods for component compatibility and optimization, and provide technical support for the research and development of component Chinese medicine.

A revelation about frequent itemset of stroke by using Apriori algorithm / 中国医学装备

Objective: To study the rule pattern of risk factor of stroke through data analysis of preliminary screening of large-scale stroke. Methods: The preliminary screening data of risk factors in stroke were gathered from the National Center for Stroke Screening and Prevention and Control. And the association rules mining was adopted in the research. The relevant risk factors of stroke in large-scale crowd were researched, and 0.1% was chose as minimum support and 10% were used as minimum confidence coefficient. The rule mode of stroke was mined by using above conditions. Results: In the nine risk factors of the table of preliminary screening, there was a weak correlation between "transient ischemic attack (TIA) in past", "hypertension", "family history of stroke" and stroke, respectively. And TIA, atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease, family history of stroke, hypertension and diabetes were the most important risk factors. At the same time, the study found that age would become an important risk factor for stroke when patient was older than 60. Conclusions: In the 21 presumptive rule patterns with big probability, some of them has not received sufficient attention in past. And the rule pattern of risk factor of stroke provides a new diagnostic basis with value.

A Survey Regarding the Price Calculation Method for New Drugs Based on the Chuikyo-Document about the NHI Drug Price List / 医薬品情報学

In Japan, the National Health Insurance (NHI) prices of new drugs are set according to the NHI Drug Price Standard (NHI Price Standard).　The NHI Price Standard was notified by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare based on the ”Drug Price Calculation Criteria” proposed by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council (Chuikyo) in Japan.　The NHI Price Standard affects the research and development strategy of pharmaceutical companies.　In order to discover undetected relationships, the factors influencing the ”drug price” were evaluated through the association rule mining technique.　We surveyed the Chuikyo‐documents about NHI price listing over the period October 27, 2006 to February 8, 2007.　The number of approved new drugs was 874, while that of drugs completed (”drug price per day”) was 314.　The numbers of new compounds corresponding to a drug price per day of ”below 200 yen,” ”between 200 yen and 1,000 yen,” ”between 1,000 and 10,000 yen,” and ”above or equal to 10,000 yen” were 87 (27.7%), 91 (29.0%), 79 (25.2%), and 57 (18.2%), respectively.　In the association rule mining method, we observed high lift values of the combined items ”above or equal to 30,000 patients expected to be administrated” and ”drugs affecting sensory organs” in the group of drug price per day below 200 yen.　The lift values of the combinations of ”biological preparations” and ”similar efficacy comparison‐based price setting (Ⅱ)” or ”below 30,000 patients expected to be administrated” and ”antineoplastic drug” in the group of ”above or equal to 10,000 yen of drug price per day” were high.　These results provide a basis for the development and application of new drugs in Japan.

Data mining of the prescription containing Codonopsis and study on the molecular mechanism of prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disease / 药学学报

The medication rules of high frequency herb-pairs containing Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) were analyzed with data mining tools, and the molecular mechanisms of these herb-pairs on the gastrointestinal diseases were predicted with the network pharmacology. The R language association rules were used to mine the high frequency herb-pairs from TCM formulae containing Dangshen, and these herb-pairs would be screened out, which satisfied the following requirements with support ≥ 0.3 and confidence ≥ 0.9 at the same time. Using the Integrated Pharmacology Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) to predict the key core targets of the high frequency herb-pairs, the network of Chinese medicine-compound-target-pathway related to Dangshen were built to explore the preventing and treating molecular mechanism on gastrointestinal diseases. At last, the relation of the main active components from Dangshen and its herbal pairs with target proteins were validated by Systems Dock Web Site. The 185 formulae were selected from 543 formulae containing Dangshen, and 6 herbal pairs with Dangshen, which includes Angelica (Danggui), Licorice (Gancao), Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu), Poria cocos (Fuling), dried tangerine peel (Chenpi) and Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), were discovered with Apriori algorithm. The combination of 6 herbal pairs is similar to Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction; 6 herbal pairs with Dangshen were related to the target of POMC, OPRM1, CCR9 and HTR2C in TCMIP. The known targets (HTR2C, POMC, OPRM1, CCR9, OPRD1) and potential drug-targets (GNB1, GCK, SDHD, SLC25A2, DHRS4) for gastrointestinal diseases were predicted about the high frequency pairs with Dangshen. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the biological function was mainly located in the mitochondria and myelin sheath, and involved in the biological processes of three carboxylic acid cycle, platelet activation, and aspartic acid metabolism. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the main metabolic pathways related with Dangshen pairs involved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and endocrine metabolism. The prediction results showed many targets of the frequency herbal pairs with Dangshen preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases were related with nerve cells. These herbal pairs could prevent and treat the gastrointestinal diseases through the neuroendocrine system and the brain gut axis.

Analysis of the Characteristics of Acupoint Selection in the Treatment of Gout by Acupuncture / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the compatibility laws and the characteristics of acupoint selection in the treatment of gout by acupuncture over the past 16 years. METHODS: "Gout" and "acupuncture" or "electroacupuncture" were used as search terms in the CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed databases to retrieve relevant literature. The frequency of the main acupoints and auxiliary acupoints were summarized, respectively. Association rule and hierarchical clustering analysis were used to analyze the possible rules for selecting the main acupoints. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen studies met the inclusiven criteria, and involved 67 main acupoints with a frequency of all points of 630. The most commonly used acupoints were Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Ashi point, Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), and Taichong (LR 3). The main acupoints mainly belonged to the Spleen Meridian of Foot-taiyin, Stomach Meridian of Foot-yangming and Liver Meridian of Foot-jueyin. Association rule analysis showed that Ashi point, Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) had the highest correlation of all the selected acupoints. The cluster analysis showed five core clustering groups. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture treatment of gout focuses on acupoints along meridians and the acupoints around the affected joint. The main principles in the treatment of gout are invigorating Spleen, tonifying Kidney, dissipating dampness, resolving blood stasis, clearing away heat, removing toxic substances, soothing Liver, regulating qi, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.

Association rule regarding chronic disease-relevant risk factors for the adults in Haidian District / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the association patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors for the adults in Haidian District.Methods:Data for chronic disease-relevant risk factors for 3 219 adults in Haidian District in 2014 were collected and analyzed.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical description and logistic regression.SPSS Modeler 14.1 was used to explore the association among the chronic disease-relevant risk factors.Results:Among men,5 patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors were identified,which suggested that heavy drinking,inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables,and physical inactivity were associated with smoking while inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables and smoking were associated with physical inactivity.Among women,one pattern of chronic disease-relevant risk factor was identified,which suggested that inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with physical inactivity.Conclusion:Chronic disease-relevant risk factors are intercorrelated among the adults in Haidian District.Information on patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors could assist interventions targeting multiple behaviors simultaneously.

Correlation analysis of TCM diagnosis and treatment based on Apriori algorithm with grouping association / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the correlation between the TCM diagnosis and treatment data to provide support for scientific research and clinical treatment.Methods The characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment data were analyzed.An improved Apriori algorithm with grouping association was put forward,and association analysis on the data from the encephalopathy database of some hospital was carried out to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.Results Grouped operation was executed for association properties to reduce the association between noncorrelated data,so that the efficiency of the algorithm was enhanced greatly.Conclusion Improved Apriori algorithm with grouping association consumes shorter time than the classical one,and thus is worthy promoting in TCM diagnosis and treatment data application.

Correlation analysis of TCM diagnosis and treatment based on Apriori algorithm with grouping association / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the correlation between the TCM diagnosis and treatment data to provide support for scientific research and clinical treatment.Methods The characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment data were analyzed.An improved Apriori algorithm with grouping association was put forward,and association analysis on the data from the encephalopathy database of some hospital was carried out to verify the feasibility of the algorithm.Results Grouped operation was executed for association properties to reduce the association between noncorrelated data,so that the efficiency of the algorithm was enhanced greatly.Conclusion Improved Apriori algorithm with grouping association consumes shorter time than the classical one,and thus is worthy promoting in TCM diagnosis and treatment data application.

Comparison of co-prescription patterns for antibacterials between clinic and ER in a tertiary hospital / 药学实践杂志

Objective To compare the co-prescribing patterns of antibacterials between clinic and ER in a tertiary hospi-tal and mine the association rules among drugs in outpatient and emergency prescriptions .Methods The prescribing data of 2009 were sampled and the prescription drugs were classified according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) subgroup code .IBM PASW ○R Modeler 14 was used for data processing and statistics ,and the Apriori association analysis model was es-tablished to carry out data mining .Results There were differences between outpatient and emergency prescriptions with anti-microbial in average number of drug items and antibacterials items ,as well as in the distribution of patient age and gender .Ex-pectorants ,cough suppressants and prepared Chinese medicine for “Qing Re Jie Du” played dominant roles in the associations with cephalosporin in outpatient prescription .More association rules in emergency prescriptions were found which were more complicated .The associations between antibacterials and vitamins ,digestive ulcer drugs ,and potassium agents ,as well as an-tibacterial and antibacterials were not found in the outpatient prescriptions .Conclusion The use of antibacterials in the emer-gency is much more frequently than in the clinic ,especially for the inject-able formulations and the combination of antibacteri-als .So it is more necessary to establish a standard for rational use of antibacterials in ER .

Research on Experienced Doctors’ Treatment of Senile Dementia Based on Association Rule / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study experienced doctors’ treatment of senile dementia based on association rule. Methods Databases, such as CNKI, CSCD, CBMdisc, CPD, and Wanfang Data were searched for articles about senile dementia. SPSS17.0 and Clementine12.0 software were used for frequency and correlation analysis of prescription. Results In total of 67 articles about TCM therapy for senile dementia were included, containing 112 prescriptions, 178 Chinese herbal medicines, 1589 frequency, and 14.2 entries for each prescription. The first three frequently used herbal medicines were Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Polygala Radix, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Accoring to association rule, the first three medicine pairs were Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium→Pinelliae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma→Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Codonopsis Radix→Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium. The first three thriple herbal medicines were Dioscoreae Rhizoma+Lycii Fructus→Corni Fructus, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma+Corni Fructus→Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Carthami Flos + Hirudo→Bupleuri Radix. Conclusion The results based on association rule effectively summarized all the doctors’ treatment experience in senile dementia, and provided the beneficial reference for the clinical treatment of senile dementia.

Study on Medication Association Rules in Chuan Syndrome Treatment by Four Meng-He Medical Schools / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to investigate rules of medicine selections of four Meng-He (MH) medical schools. Based on frequency analysis and Apriori algorithm of association rules, data mining was conducted on 60 cases of four MH medical schools in the treatment of Chuan syndrome. The results showed that among 60 cases, Xing-Ren (XR), Ban-Xia (BX), Fu-Ling (FL), Hua-Ju-Hong (HJH), Su-Zi (SZ) and Bu-Gu-Zhi (BGZ) were the most com-monly used single medicine. The most commonly used medicine groups were SZ-HJH-FL, XR-Y i-Y i-Ren (YYR), XR-HJH, XR-SZ and so on. It was concluded that four MH medical schools in the treatment of Chuan syndrome mainly used antitussive and antiasthmatic Chinese medicines such as YR, BX, SZ, and complemented with BGZ for deficiency-nourishing, FL for dampness-removing, HJH for qi-regulating. It provided references for the clinical practice and treatment of Chuan syndrome.

A Study on Regularity of Compound Herbal Formulae for Renal Fibrosis Based on Literature / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the regularity of compound herbal formulae for renal fibrosis (RF). Methods Compound herbal formulae published about the treatment of RF in databases of Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, and Wanfang Databasewere searched and collected. A database was established for data mining by using frequency analysis, cluster analysis and association rule analysis. Regularity of key herbs and groups of herbs was discussed. Results There were 38 prescriptions (totally 95 herbs) in the compound herbal formulae for RF, and the total frequency was 362 times. High frequency herbs under cluster analysis were classified into 3 clusters including tonic, hemorheologic agent and promoting diuresis drugs. The rules in pair of herbs were 18, and rules in group of herbs were 31 (three or four medicinal herbs) by using association rule analysis. Conclusion Tonifying promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasisis a common sense for treating RF.

Measuring Interesting Amino Acid Patterns for Alzheimer's Disease Related Studies Targets on the Binding Site Using Association Rule Mining.

Data mining techniques are used in various areas like stock exchange, education, bioinformatics, health care etc. The main purpose of data mining techniques is used to extract the useful and interesting information. Association Rule Mining (ARM) associates the different attributes and gives the most suitable rules from large database. Protein ligand binding is an important step in enzymatic mechanisms and in drug discovery. This research work gives the association rules for amino acid residues which are present in the binding site of Alzheimer’s Disease Related Studies targets. The data are collected from Protein Data Bank. Association rule mining is applied in the Alzheimer’s Disease Related Studies protein and the interesting rules for the amino acid residues present in the Alzheimer’s Disease Related Studies are formed. Ile and Ser are the amino acid residues which are having major role in the precedence of association rules of Alzheimer’s Disease Related Studies. This research work may support in identify new binding protein-ligand pairs and predict protein ligand binding in particular diseases.

Cross-sectional Study on the Relationship between Formulas and Syndromes of Type 2 Diabetes Based on Association Rules / 中医杂志

Objective To explore the relationship among the disease - syndrome - formula of type 2 diabetes.Methods Based on the clinical data of 2501 cases of type 2 diabetes, to study the relationship among the disease - syndrome - formula of type 2 diabetes by making use of association rules.Results Three formulas, Shengmai Yin (Pulse-activating Fluid), Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (Decoction of Six Herbs Including Rehmannia), and Sijunzi Decoction (Decoction of Four Noble Herbs), were selected from 122 ones to analyze the relationship between the formula and symptoms. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, dry mouth with thirst, frequent urination with increased volume of urine, numbness of limbs, blurred vision, thirst with preference of drinking water, frequent nocturnal urination, and shortness of breath with inactive talking was in high frequency in those patients who were prescribed Shengmai Yin. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, thirst with preference of drinking water, blurred vision, frequent nocturnal urination, dry mouth with thirst, numbness of limbs, shortness of breath with inactive talking, and soreness and weakness of lumbus and legs was in high frequency in those patients prescribed Liuwei Dihuang Decoction, and there existed a multi-association among these symptoms. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, soreness and weakness of lumbus and legs, frequent nocturnal urination, shortness of breath with inactive talking, numbness of limbs, insomnia, and blurred vision was in high frequency in those patients who were prescribed Sijunzi Decoction, and there existed a multi-association among these symptoms.Conclusion The association rule can be adopted to analyze the relationship between formula and syndrome, and to explore the multi-association relationship among the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.