Effect of linear and undulating training periodization models on the repeated sprint ability and strength of soccer players

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of linear and undulating strength-power training scheme on the repeated sprint ability (RSA) and lower body strength of soccer players. Method: Twenty soccer players (under-20 category) were split into 2 groups: the linear load (LL, n=10) and the undulating load (UL, n=10). In the commencement and at the end of the 6-week pre-season period, the RSA test (6 x 35m) and the 1RM parallel squat test (1RMsquat) were conducted. The LL and UL performed the same type and number of sessions. The training stimulus in the strength training was different between LL (Weeks 1 and 2 = Muscular Endurance; Weeks 3 and 4 = Strength; Weeks 5 and 6 = Power) and UL (daily load variation in the same week). Results: A improvement in RSAmean and 1RMsquat was detected in LL and in UL. No significant difference was noted between LL vs UL for all variables. Conclusion: Both groups improved maximal muscle strength in parallel back squat and RSA. UL induced a greater gain in RSA.(AU)

Spatio-temporal characteristics of hurdle runs and ergometric tests during athletic preparation / Características espaço-temporais de corridas com obstáculo e testes ergométricos durante a preparação no atletismo

The main goal of this study was to assess the appropriateness of both ergometric and modified hurdles tests for an annual cycle of hurdlers who were working on mastering the 400 m distance. Nine Polish hurdlers (personal best: 54.46±2.16 s, age: 20.67±1.87 years) were chosen as the research participants. In each of two mastering periods in the research, an ergometric test and a specific test were implemented during a hurdle run. In February, an interval ergometric test (5×6 s) and an interval hurdle test (IHT) were performed. Additionally, in May, a classic Wingate test and a 200 m hurdle run were introduced. With regard to the ergometric tests, we assessed the following measurements: maximum power (Pmax) and mean power (P×) reached in five repetitions as well as total work (Wtotal) performed in five attempts. The Mann-Whitney test was used to distinguish between the athletic test results obtained in the preparation period outlined above and those obtained in the first period. Lactate (LA) concentrations were assessed with the Chi-square test. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used in the analysis. The achieved study results indicate the lack of significant differentiation of the ergometric test parameters (p≥ 0.05). The spatial structure of both specific tests (5×2 H v. 200 m H) was similar given that the first and the second parts of both hurdle races and the number of steps taken were similar. The basic parameters of the ergometric tests did not exhibit any relationship with the recommended record time achieved for the 400 m hurdle run.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a idoneidade de seleção dos testes ergométricos e testes modificados de corridas com barreiras ao longo do ciclo anual de treinamento dos atletas na distância de 400m. Participaram do estudo nove atletas poloneses (melhor resultado: 54,46±2,16s, idade: 20,67±1.87 anos). Em duas temporadas de treinamento foram realizados dois testes: ergométrico e especial (=na corrida com barreiras). Em fevereiro foi efetuado o teste ergonómico em intervalos (95x6s) e o teste com barreiras Rest com intervalos (IHT). Em maio foi efetuado o teste clássico de 30 s Wingate e uma corrida de 200m com barreiras (200mH). Nas corridas com barreiras foram considerados os parâmetros de tempo, potência máxima (Pmax), potência média (Px) e trabalho total (Wtotal). Para avaliar as diferenças entre os resultados dos testes numa temporada foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whithney. As diferenças de concentração do lactato (LA) foram avaliadas com o teste Chi-square. Na análise foram considerados também os coeficientes de correlação de postos de Spearman. Os resultados dos estudos demostram a ausência de diferenças pertinentes nos parâmetros dos testes ergométricos (p ≥ 0,05). A estrutura espacial de ambos os testes especiais (5x2H vs. 200mH) foi semelhante: na primeira e segunda parte de ambas as corridas foi efetuado o número parecido dos passos. Os parâmetros essenciais dos testes ergométricos (Pmax, Px, Wtotal) não demostraram relações importantes com o resultado recorde na corrida de 400m com barreiras. A análise demostrou a possibilidade de utilização seletiva dos testes ergométricos na avaliação do grau de preparação dos atletas para a distância de 400m com barreiras.

Efectos de la aplicación de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso sobre la conducta de evitación experiencial en competencia en jóvenes tenistas de la ciudad de Bogotá / Effects of application of the acceptance and commitment therapy on the behavior of experiential avoidance in competition in young tennis players in the city of Bogotá

Este estudio tuvo como propósito intervenir en la conducta de evitación experiencial, evidenciada en tres tenistas de 16 y 17 años, a través de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso. Se evaluó la evitación experiencial mediante dos instrumentos. El primero es el registro de dicha conducta exhibida por cada participante, el segundo es el Cuestionario de Aceptación - Acción adaptado al español y revisado por un filólogo. La intervención constó de cuatro sesiones. Para la medición por registros en el pretest y postest se programaron dos torneos en los cuales cada jugador compitió en tres ocasiones. Los resultados muestran un decremento en la frecuencia de la conducta de evitación experiencial, sin embargo, la disminución en los puntajes en el cuestionario no es proporcional entre los dos jugadores que participaron en la totalidad de la investigación.

The purpose of this study was to intervene in the behavior of experiential avoidance evidenced in three tennis players ages 16 and 17 by means of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The experiential avoidance was measured through two instruments. The first was through recognition of behavior exhibited by each participant, and the second was through the Acceptance Questionnaire - Action (AAQ) adapted to Spanish and revised by a philologist. The intervention consisted of four sessions. For measuring the registrations in the pretest and posttest, two tournaments were designed in which each player competed on three occasions. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the frequency of the behavior of experiential avoidance. However, the decrease in the score of the AAQ is not proportional in the two tennis players that participed in the entirety of the investigation.

Sport Fatigue and Recovery / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Tiredness is a physiological phenomenon,inevitably appears in certain period of exercise.If the tiredness has not been eliminated promptly,it would roll up to fatigue.It is important to analyze the generation,evaluation and recovery of fatigue,to make people come back to training,working or studying as soon as possible.