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O viés atencional, compreendido como a tendência de processar informações de acordo com a valência emocional ou significado, pode contribuir para a vulnerabilidade a transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre pesquisas empíricas que investigaram associações entre viés atencional e esquizofrenia. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PsycInfo, Web of Science, MedLine e Scopus. Um total de 641 estudos foi identificado. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 16 artigos foram incluídos na amostra final, com a inclusão de um artigo a partir das referências dos estudos da amostra. Foram observados a utilização de tarefas e estímulos diversos, que apresentaram resultados variados, indicando, por um lado, a presença de viés atencional, e, por outro, interferência equivalente de estímulos emocionais em pacientes e pessoas saudáveis. São necessários mais estudos que, além de investigarem a associação entre viés atencional e esquizofrenia, permitam o controle de variáveis confundidoras.
Attentional bias, understood as the tendency to process information according to emotional valence or meaning, can contribute to vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. This study presents a review of empirical research literature that investigated the associations between attentional bias and schizophrenia. The search was conducted in the PsycInfo, Web of Science, MedLine, and Scopus databases. A total of 641 studies were identified. After applying eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included in the final sample, including one article retrieved from the references of the sample studies. Various tasks and stimuli were observed, yielding diverse results, indicating, on the one hand, the presence of attentional bias, and on the other hand, equivalent interference from emotional stimuli in patients and healthy individuals. Further studies are needed that, in addition to investigating the association between attentional bias and schizophrenia, allow for the control of confounding variables.
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Abstract Background Cell phones are part of peoples' lives. The literature indicates risks when cell phones are used during a secondary motor task. Studies addressing this topic in people with Parkinson's disease are still scarce. Objective To investigate the impact of daily dual tasks with cell phone on balance and mobility in people with Parkinson's disease, compared to healthy control peers. Methods Participants with Parkinson's disease and controls underwent three motor tasks: (1) Standing and walking without using a cell phone; (2) Standing and walking while talking on the phone; and (3) Standing and walking while texting messages on the phone. Assessments involved balance and mobility tests. Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate analysis of variance, comparing main effect for group (Parkinson's disease × control), task (using × not using cell phone) and interactions (group × task). Significance was set at 5%. Effect sizes are reported. Results Participants with Parkinson's disease showed worse balance (p = 0.001, effect size of 0.471) and mobility (p = 0.001, effect size of 0.472) than control peers. The use of cell phone while performing a secondary motor task affected both groups (p = 0.005, effect size of 0.673 for balance and p = 0.001, effect size of 0.549 for mobility). The dual task impact, however, was higher in the Parkinson's disease group (p = 0.009, effect size of 0.407 for mobility). Conclusion Daily dual tasks with cell phones increase imbalance and mobility risks in Parkinson's disease. People should be careful when using their cell phone while standing or walking.
Resumo Antecedentes Aparelhos celulares fazem parte da vida das pessoas. A literatura aponta riscos quando o uso do celular está associado a uma tarefa motora. Estudos abordando esse tema na doença de Parkinson são escassos. Objetivo Investigar o impacto de tarefas-duplas com o celular sobre equilíbrio e mobilidade de pessoas com doença de Parkinson, na comparação com controles saudáveis. Métodos Participantes com e sem doença de Parkinson foram submetidos a três tarefas: (1) Ficar em pé e caminhar sem o celular; (2) Ficar em pé e caminhar enquanto conversa ao celular; e (3) Ficar em pé e caminhar enquanto digita mensagens. As avaliações envolveram testes de equilíbrio e mobilidade. Os procedimentos estatísticos envolveram testes de análise múltipla de variâncias, com análise de efeito principal para os fatores grupo (doença de Parkinson x controle), tarefa (com celular × sem celular) e interação (grupo × tarefa). Significância foi estipulada em 5%. Tamanhos de efeito foram reportados. Resultados Participantes com doença de Parkinson apresentaram pior equilíbrio (p = 0,001; tamanho do efeito: 0,471) e mobilidade (p = 0,001; tamanho do efeito: 0,472) que controles. O uso do celular afetou ambos os grupos (p = 0,005, tamanho do efeito de 0,673 para equilíbrio e p = 0,001, tamanho do efeito de 0,549 para mobilidade). O impacto da tarefa-dupla, contudo, foi maior no grupo Parkinson (p = 0,009; tamanho do efeito de 0,407 para mobilidade). Conclusão Tarefas simultâneas com o celular causam desequilíbrio e problemas de mobilidade na doença de Parkinson. As pessoas devem ter cuidado ao utilizar celulares durante atividades em pé e ao caminhar.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between medical students' pain empathy response(pain emapthy) and prosocial tendency, and the moderating effect of attentional bias.Methods:In April 2022, 108 medical students were evaluated by the general characteristics survey questionnaire, pain empathy scale (EPS), and prosocial tendencies measure (PTM). The E-Prime dot probe task paradigm experiment procedure was used to evaluate the attentional bias of all participants. SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, stratified regression analysis, and repeated measure ANOVA. PROCESS 3.4.1 was used for moderating effect analysis.Results:(1)The pain transference score of female medical students was significantly lower than that of male(3.46±0.67, 3.95±0.51)( t=3.54, P<0.05). Medical students with chronic pain had significantly lower scores than those without chronic pain(3.28±0.84, 3.66±0.60)( t=-2.35, P<0.05). There was significant difference in prosocial tendency among medical students of different majors( χ2=6.62, P<0.05). (2)There was positive correlation( r=0.39, P<0.001) between their transference for pain(3.59±0.66) and prosocial tendency(3.60±0.50) in medical students. (3)Transference for pain could significantly positively predict prosocial tendency in medical students ( B=0.26, P<0.001). The attention bias of medical students to sadness in pain situation (d pain sadness) played a moderating role between transference for pain and prosocial tendency( B=0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion:The level of medical students’ transference for pain can significantly predict their prosocial tendencies, and improving medical students’ attention to sadness in pain situations is beneficial to exert the effect of transference for pain on prosocial behaviors.
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Objective:To explore the effects of embodied emotion priming on attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.Methods:From June to December 2018, a total of 91 college students with depression tendency were recruited to participate in the experiment.A 3(embodied emotion priming: positive priming, negative priming and no priming) × 2 (emotional face: happy and sad) mixed design was adopted to measure the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency using the dot probe paradigm. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results:In terms of attentional bias, the interaction effect between embodied emotion priming types and emotional faces was significant ( F(2, 88)=5.97, P=0.004, ηp2=0.119). Further simple effect analysis showed that, under the happy-face condition, participants' attentional bias reaction time(△RT) was significantly higher when primed with embodied positive emotion than those primed with embodied negative emotion((14.30±18.23)ms, (-6.53±38.17)ms, P<0.05). The participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly lower when primed with embodied negative emotion than participants with no priming ((-6.53±38.17)ms, (9.16±30.62)ms, P<0.05). Under the sad-face condition, the participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly higher when primed with embodied negative emotion((28.22±35.33)ms) than participants primed with embodied positive emotion((11.71±29.24)ms, P<0.05) and no priming ((7.63±30.60)ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:Embodied emotion priming can affect the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.
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Objective:To explore the mediating effect of attentional bias of negative information between fatalism and death anxiety in lung neoplasms patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. It was convenient to select 312 lung neoplasms patients treated in the Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University the Chinese People′s Liberation Army, from April 2021 to April 2022 as the research subjects. Questionnaires were conducted with Fatalism Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, and Templer′s Death Anxiety Scale. Structural equation model were constructed based on self-regulatory executive function models.Results:The total score of fatalism, attentional bias of negative information, and death anxiety of 312 lung neoplasms patients were (61.68 ± 11.92) points, (39.57 ± 5.19) points, and (61.23 ± 9.30) points, respectively. Attentional bias of negative information was significantly positively correlated with fatalism ( r = 0.594, P<0.01). Death anxiety was significantly positively correlated with fatalism and attentional bias of negative information ( r = 0.494, 0.558, both P<0.01). Attentional bias of negative information played a partial mediating role between fatalism and death anxiety, and the mediating effect accounted for 37.7% of the total effect. The value of each fitness index of the mediation effect model was within the acceptable range. Conclusions:Attentional bias of negative information is an intermediary variable between fatalism and death anxiety of lung neoplasms patients. Nursing staff should pay attention to the level of attentional bias of negative information of lung neoplasms patients and carry out targeted nursing interventions from the emotional processing process to reduce the level of death anxiety in patients with lung neoplasms.
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【Objective】 To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression, as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support, so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures. 【Methods】 By the convenience sampling method, totally 1 404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis, Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables. The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS. 【Results】 The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1 404 college students included in the study were 4.03±4.48 and 6.21±5.41, respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%, and that of depression symptom was 44.4%. The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information (r=0.373, P<0.001), anxiety (r=0.227, P<0.001), and depression (r=0.226, P<0.001). Anxiety (r=0.553, P<0.001) and depression (r=0.497, P<0.001) were positively correlated with attention to negative information, while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19 (r=-0.154, P<0.001), attention to negative information (r=-0.259, P<0.001), anxiety (r=-0.321, P<0.001) and depression (r=-0.278, P<0.001). The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0.227, and the mediating effect accounted for 80.18% of the total effect. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0.228, and the mediating effect accounted for 90.35% of the total effect. Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model. 【Conclusion】 Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information, and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model. The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs, colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information, and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of attention bias in Wilson disease(WD) patients with different levels of state-trait anxiety.Methods:The emotional Stroop paradigm and the state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) were used to evaluate the anxiety level and the characteristics of attention bias in 49 inpatients with WD.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluated the influencing factors of attentional bias response time. Results:(1) In WD patients, the response times measured under the positive, negative and neutral words in the high trait anxiety group((867.0±172.1)ms, (877.0±167.7)ms, (898.4±169.8)ms, respectively) were significantly higher than the low trait anxiety group((771.9±128.9)ms, (770.9±110.4)ms, (778.4±120.1)ms, respectively) and the differences were statistically significant( t=-2.183, -2.605, -2.847, all P<0.05). The response times under the positive, negative and neutral word measured in the high state anxiety group((866.9±171.9)ms, (867.8±173.8)ms, (889.8±173.5)ms, respectively) were higher than those of the low state anxiety group((771.9±129.2)ms, (780.4±109.3)ms, (787.3±123.0)ms, respectively) and the differences were statistically significant( t=-2.177, -2.116, -2.378, all P<0.05). (2) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the total score of trait anxiety ( B=4.584, 4.671, 5.376, P=0.020, 0.015, 0.008) and age ( B=9.314, 7.864, 7.505, P=0.002, 0.008, 0.014) were the influencing factors of response times measured under the positive, negative and neutral emotion words. Conclusion:Anxiety will lead patients with WD to show more negative attention bias, and trait anxiety can significantly predict the characteristics of attention bias.
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Objective:To explore the effect of attentional bias training on the attentional bias, psychological craving and relapse rate of alcohol dependent patients during rehabilitation.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was used to select 90 alcohol-dependent patients and randomly divide them into an intervention group and a control group. The alcohol cue pictures and neutral pictures were imported into E-Prime software at a ratio of 1∶1.The patients in the two groups were trained for eight times with attentional bias and without attentional bias by point delection paradigm. After each training, the software automatically records the response time and correct rate of the cue pictures and neutral pictures, and before intervention(T0), after 4 interventions(T4), and after 8 interventions(T8), the alcohol craving score was assessed by visual analogue scale and the relapse situation was followed up 1 month after the intervention. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Repeat measure ANOVA, χ2 test and t-test were used to compare the response time, accuracy and psychological craving of the two groups. Results:Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were interaction between group and time in cue-map response time, line chart accuracy and psychological craving score of the two groups ( F=5.218, 6.939, 147.14, all P<0.01). Simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference in cue pictures response time, cue pictures accuracy and psychological craving score between the intervention group and the control group at T0(all P>0.05), but there was significant difference at T4 and T8 (all P<0.05), and there was significant difference in neutral pictures reaction only at T8 ( P<0.05). The comparison between two groups showed that the intervention group showed a downward trend in cue pictures response, T4 and T8 were lower than T0, with statistical difference (both P<0.001), while there was no difference in the control group. In the intervention group, the correct rate of cue pictures increased, T4 and T8 were higher than T0, and there were statistical differences (both P<0.001), while there was no difference in the control group( P>0.05). The psychological craving scores of both the intervention group and the control group showed a downward trend, T4 and T8 were lower than T0, there were statistical differences (both P<0.001), but the difference between T4 and T8 in the control group remained unchanged. One month after the end of the intervention, the difference in the rate of relapse between the intervention group and the control group was marginal (11.10%, 26.70%, P=0.059). The total number of days of abstinence in the intervention group was longer than that in the control group ((28.33±4.99)d, (26.47±6.66)d, P=0.010). Conclusion:Attentional bias training can improve the mental craving and attentional bias of alcohol-dependent patients during the rehabilitation period, and the relapse rate decreased one month after the intervention.
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Objective To analyze the components of attentional bias on anger and disgust emotional faces in college students with social anxiety disorder.Methods DSM-V was used for clinical diagnosis after the initial screening with Interaction Anxiousness Scale.The subjects meet the inclusion criteria were divided into social anxiety disorder group (SAD group) and healthy control group (HC group).Koster's improved dot-probe paradigm was used in a 2 (group:SAD group,HC group) ×2 (emotion categories:anger,disgust)mixed-design experiment,and the different characteristics of attentional bias between the two groups on different emotional faces were compared.Results In SAD group,under the condition of angry faces,the response times to the probe targets with the same or different positions from the negative faces were (369.7±53.0)ms and (447.2±54.3) ms,while the response times were (429.6±70.2) ms and (444.2±55.8) ms under the condition of disgust faces,and the SAD group showed attentional bias towards both anger and disgust faces (t =24.15 and 2.45,P＜0.05).Under the condition of anger faces,the response time of HC group to the consistent and inconsistent position of probe target were (466.9±40.0) ms and (483.8±43.8) ms,and the HC group had an attentional bias towards anger faces(t=6.58,P＜0.05).The response time under disgust faces was (493.8±43.6)ms and (498.0±46.7)ms in HC group,and did not show an attentional bias towards disgust(t=1.65,P=0.108).The scores of attentional orientation to anger faces in SAD group were significantly higher than those in the HC group(F=19.26,P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between the two groups towards disgust faces (F=0.02,P=0.897).Compared with disgust faces,the attentional orientation to anger faces was faster in both HC and SAD groups (F=101.66 and 8.00,P＜0.05).Compared with the HC group,the SAD group had an impaired attentional disengagement from anger faces(F=8.66,P=0.004).Conclusion The students with social anxiety disorder have attentional bias towards both anger and disgust facial expressions,which manifested as facilitated attentional orientation and impaired attentional disengagement to anger faces.
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Objective:To explore how induced depression influences attentional bias and the moderating effect of cognitive appraisal.Methods:Eighty college students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the induced depression group (n=40, accepted a procedure of depression induction) and the control group (n=40, accepted a procedure of the same time rest).Then, a 2 (induced depression group vs.control group) × 2 (different location vs.same location) mixed design experiment was conducted with the cognitive appraisal as the moderator and the attentional bias as the dependent variable.Induced depression was manipulated by an induction process, attentional bias was measured with the dot-probe task and cognitive appraisal was assessed with the visual analogue mood scales.Results:The reaction time to the different location was longer than that to the same location in the induced depression group [ (374.1±62.0) ms vs. (367.8±60.9) ms, P＜0.01], while there was no statistically significant difference between the reaction time to the different and the same location in the control group (P＞0.05).Bootstrap analysis showed that cognitive appraisal played a statistically significant moderating role in the influence of induced depression on attentional bias (P＜0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that the college students with induced depression show negative attentional bias and cognitive appraisal may play a moderating role on the relationship between depression and attentional bias.
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Objective: To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in emotional faces of policemen with different trait anxiety levels. Methods: By using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 44 policemen (23 males and 21 females) were included in the higher trait anxiety level group and 44 policemen (25 males and 19 females) were included in the lower trait anxiety level group. The 2 anxiety style ((higher trait anxiety level, lower trait anxiety level) × 2 emotional type (positive, negative) × 2 clue type (identical side, opposite side) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias of the response time differences between the two groups of policemen on keystroke responses of different emotional types and different types of clues by using a dot probe. Results: The positive emotional face reaction of the higher trait anxiety level group was less than that of the negative emotional face reaction[ (638. 0 ± 12. 4) ms vs. (651. 7 ± 13. 1) ms, P ＜ 0. 01], while the lower trait anxiety level police had no statistical significance on the reaction of positive emotional face and negative emotional face (P＞ 0. 05). The clue types in the higher trait anxiety level group were identical side less than opposite side response time [ (640. 3 ± 12. 6) ms vs. (649. 5 ± 13. 0) ms, P ＜ 0. 05], and there was no statistical significance in the lower trait anxiety level group about identical side and opposite side response time (P＞ 0. 05). The clue type in identical side, there was no significant difference in the response of two groups to positive emotional faces and negative emotional faces (P＞ 0. 05); while the clue type in opposite side, the response of higher trait anxiety level group to negative emotional faces was higher than that of positive emotional faces [ (663. 1 ± 9. 8) ms vs. (651. 4 ± 8. 9) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion: It suggests that the policemen with higher level of trait anxiety have selective attentional bias to negative emotional faces, which induced by impaired attentional disengagement.
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Negative cognitive bias is closely linked with the production and development of anxiety disorder.Recently, cognitive bias modification (CBM) has been developed to correct negative cognitive bias in anxiety.By retrieving literature researches, this paper analyzed the progress of cognitive bias modification intervention.Seventy-one literatures published in the last decade and with key words of cognitive bias and anxiety were included.Attentional bias modification and interpretation bias modification are the most useful treatment which could improve negative cognitive bias, however the controversial remains about the training effect of CBM on anxiety symptoms.Researchers have found positive results when cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) are combined to treat anxiety disorder.Researches on the brain mechanism of cognitive bias modification provide the neurophysiological basis for the occurrence of the intervention. Cognitive bias modification help to improve negative cognitive bias in anxiety.Combination of CBM and CBT is an effective method of anxiety treatment.
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Self-focused attention is an attentional bias about one's own information that produces in the organism. Social anxiety patients' self-focused attention usually focuses on the ideas, emotions and behaviors generated in social occasion, which is a negative cognitive processing tendency that leads to the maintenance of anxiety symptoms. This paper reviewed the literatures of the theories and the research method of self-focused attention, and the effects of self-focused attention on social anxiety disorder and other mental diseases, so as to provide new ideas for the research of mechanisms such as social anxiety disorder.
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Objective To explore whether attentional bias plays an important role in the development and maintenance of anxiety by eye tracking technology. Methods A total of 80 students preparing for College English Test 6 participated in current study. The emotional Stroop paradigm and eye movement tracking were used to compared the difference of attentional bias for emotional information between high test anxiety individuals (test anxiety scale score≥15) and low test anxiety individuals (test anxiety scale score<15). Results In the emotional Stroop task, the reaction time of the negative block was significantly longer than that of the positive block in the high test anxiety individuals (t=2.184, P=0.035), while there was no significant difference between the two emotion blocks in the low test anxiety individuals (t=-0.161, P=0.875). In eye movement tracking experiment, the first fixation duration (t=2.117, P=0.041) and total duration (t=2.254, P=0.027) of the negative block were significantly longer in the high test anxiety individuals than those in the low test anxiety individuals. The total duration of the positive block was significantly longer in the low test anxiety individuals than that in the high test anxiety individuals (t=2.226, P=0.029). Conclusion High test anxiety individuals show attentional bias towards negative information, suggesting that attentional bias has an effect on the development and maintenance of anxiety.
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Objective:To investigate the attentional bias to emotional information in college students with optimistic and pessimistic attributional style.Methods:A total of 83 college students (20 males and 23 females in optimistic group,20 males and 20 females in pessimisticgroup) were recruited online.The 2 cue validity (valid,invalid) × 2 emotional type (positive,negative) × 2 attributional style (optimistic group,pessimistic group) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias to emotional information in college students with optimistic and pessimistic attributional style,adopting the cue-target paradigm.Results:Under valid situation,optimistic group had responded to positive (cue) target faster than pessimistic group [(311.4 ± 26.6) ms vs.(324.1 ±± 47.0) ms,P ＜ 0.05],while there was no significant difference in reaction times (RTs) on negative (cue) target between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Under invalid situation,optimistic group had responded to negative target faster than pessimistic group [(331.0 ±± 31.7) ms vs.(337.4 ± 50.0) ms,P ＜ 0.05],whereas there was no difference in their RTs to responding to positive target(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that optimistic individuals and pessimistic individuals respectively have selective attentional bias to positive information and negative information.
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Objective:To explore the components and time characteristics of attentional bias in type 2 diabetic patients with different levels of self-management.Methods:The patients were first divided into higher,medium and lower self-management levels based on the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA),63 subjects in each group.A probe detection task was used to examine the impact of the different emotional pictures and stimulus presenting time on attentional bias.Results:When the stimuli were displayed for 500 ms,patients with higher self-management levels showed shorter reaction time to positive pictures than to negative pictures [(597.8 ± 185.5) ms vs.(626.0 ± 186.6) ms,P ＜ 0.01],and their scores of negative attentional bias [(-22.5 ± 79.0) ms,P ＜0.05] and negative orienting index were lower than 0[(-26.6 ±74.5) ms,P ＜0.01].The scores of negative disengaging index were significant higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels [(17.2 ± 60.3) ms,P ＜0.05],the scores of positive disengaging index were significant lower than 0 in patients with lower selfmanagement levels [(-22.6 ±74.8) ms,P ＜0.05]].When the stimuli were displayed for 1250 ms,the scores of positive orienting index were higher than 0 in patients with medium self-management levels [(14.9 ± 54.4) ms,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion:It suggests that there are different characteristics of implicit cognitive processing in patients with different levels of self-management.
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Attentional bias towards threat may be a key factor associated with development and maintaining symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Through the study of attentional bias feature in OCD would be helpful to understand the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and development.We use emotion Stroop task,dot-probe task and eye-tracking methodology in measure attentional bias of obsessive-compulsive disorder,found that OCD patients may performance attentional bias to the general threat stimulus and obsessive-compulsive symptoms related stimulus,and OCD patients may have attentional bias to those obsessivecompulsive symptoms related stimulus in specialty.At present,difficult to repeat studies and inconsistent results are the main problems,and the differences in experimental materials and samples may be the important factors that lead to those inconsistency results.
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Objective To demonstrate the influence of stress on attentional bias in athletes,in order to make guidance for athletes' attention training and control.Method Using dot-probe paradigm,we analyzed the attention behavior of 25 athletes either under stress or not when viewing different pictures of emotional face.The reaction time and the score of the attention bias were recorded and compared.Result The reaction time to negative face pictures under stress was significantly shorter than that to the positive and neutral ones.The value of the attention bias to negative pictures was significantly bigger than O.Conclusion Stress tends to induce attention bias of athletes to negative information.
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Objective To explore the influence of visual searching training on attentional bias and stress response of athletes,in order to make guidance for their attention training before competition.Method Thirty-two athletes were given the visual searching training once every two days for 4 weeks.Before and after the training,the attention behavior of athletes was evaluated using the dot-probe task,and the stress response in stressful condition was evaluated using the rating of perceived exertion and heart rate variability(HRV).Result After the visual searching training,less stress,anxiety level and attention to negative information were observed in the stressful condition.Moreover,a decrease was also found in the ratio between low frequency and high frequency,and the low frequency normalized of HRV,while an increase was found in the high frequency normalized.Conclusion Visual searching training can lower the stress response and negative attentional bias for athletes in stressful condition.
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Objective To investigate the effects of attentional bias training on mood and disease uncertainty in anxious patients with coronary artery intervention treatment during transition period. Methods A total of 82 anxious patients with coronary artery intervention treatment during transition period were assigned into control group (28 cases), escape-negative-training group(27 cases) and positive-direction-training group (27 cases) by random digits table method. Patients in control group only received routine psychological counseling, while patients in escape-negative-training group and positive-direction-training group also received spot-type attentional bias training(200 trails/time,10-15 minutes/time,2 times/week, all 4 weeks in the two groups;the negative and neutral words between the probe points were 20%and 80%in escape-negative-training group,and positive and neutral words between the probe points were 100%and 0 in positive-direction-training group). All the patients were evaluated by Stroop test, Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale (SAS), Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNIS), Profile Of Mood States (POMS) and Illness Uncertainty Scale (IUS). Results After intervention, 21.4%(6/28) was alleviated in the control group, while respective 70.4%(19/27) and 44.4%(12/27) in escape-negative-training group and positive-direction-training group (χ2=8.15, P=0.003). There were no significant differences in SAS, POMS, Stroop test, APNIS and IUS among three groups (P>0.05). After intervention, the SAS, negative emotion scores in POMS (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, baffling-confusion) and IUS were lower in escape-negative-training group than those in control group(Q=3.79-7.58, all P0.05). Conclusions Attentional bias training could improve the anxiety symptoms and reduce illness uncertainty in anxious patients with coronary artery intervention treatment during transition period. Escape-negative-training is more effective in reducing patients′ negative mood and alleviating anxiety symptoms than the positive-direction-training.