Avaliação do desenvolvimento de atitudes humanísticas na graduação médica / Evaluation of the development of humanistic attitudes in undergraduate medical studies

INTRODUÇÃO: A sedimentação da qualidade teórica da educação médica é derivada de habilidades afetivas adequadas, passíveis de serem ensinadas e aprendidas. Essa aquisição, entretanto, requer abordagens curriculares diferenciadas, que propiciem a edificação de um vínculo profissional efetivo. OBJETIVO: Analisar a aquisição e evolução de atitudes dos discentes da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS). METODOLOGIA: Foram selecionados, por conveniência, 120 estudantes (25 por cento de cada ano). O instrumento de coleta de dados constou de questionário estruturado e validado, com 52 itens do tipo Likert. Foram avaliados aspectos psicológicos de doenças orgânicas, situações relacionadas à morte, atenção primária em saúde, doença mental, contribuição do médico ao avanço científico da medicina e aspectos da prática médica. RESULTADOS: As atitudes positivas predominaram, destacando-se o amadurecimento importante nas questões ligadas à morte e dificuldades na abordagem da doença mental. A atenção primária em saúde obteve maior percentual positivo. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo traz subsídios indicativos de que a aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) pode possibilitar uma prática médica de qualidade, utilizando-se de metodologias ativas, vivenciais e dinâmicas.

INTRODUCTION: The theoretical quality of medical education is consolidated through adequate affective skills that can be taught and learned. Such learning, however, requires distinctive curricular approaches that help build an effective professional bond. OBJECTIVE: To assess how well students adopt and develop the attitudes of the teachers at the Higher School of Health Sciences (ESCS). METHODOLOGY: The sample group was formed by 120 students (25 percent from each year). The data collection instrument was a structured and validated questionnaire, with 52 Likert-type items. Evaluation was made of the psychological aspects of organic diseases, death-related situation, primary health care, mental illness, the contribution by the physician to the scientific advance of medicine and aspects of medical practice. RESULTS: Positive attitudes were predominant, with the particular importance of maturity in death-related matters and difficulties in approaching mental illness. Primary health care obtained the highest positive percentage. CONCLUSION: The study reveals indicative evidence that problem based learning (PBL) can support quality medical practice, with the use of active, experience-based and dynamic methodologies.

Enrollment Selection by Admissions-Office (Attitude-Evaluation) System in Medical School / 医学教育

There are some issues concerning the domains of “attitude” and “habit” which are indispensable for medical students, such as motivation for problem-based learning and acquiring skills for smooth communication with medical staff and patients. In addition, some well-known limitations exist in medical education in these domains. Kochi Medical School has introduced an admissions-office (attitude-evaluation) system for enrollment selection to assess the abilities that applicants have acquired through experiences since birth. Although this system has a very short history, a follow-up survey 1 year after admission strongly suggests that this type of entrance examination system based on attitude evaluation is effective.