ABSTRACT
Atypical pneumonias are a significant percentage of causal agents of pneumonia in children. Dominate over 5years of age, although in the last three years there is an increase in cases in children three years of age, especially secondary to Mycoplasma. In this review, we will refer to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as the atypical germ most common and important in the epidemiology of children with pulmonary involvement. Mycoplasma pneumonia, can explain 20-25 percent of pneumonia in children, especially in preschool and school age.
Las neumonías atípicas constituyen un porcentaje importante de agentes causales de neumonía en niños. Predominan en mayores de 5 años de edad, aunque en los últimos años, existe un incremento de casos en niños de 3años de edad, sobre todo secundario al Mycoplasma. En esta revisión, nos referiremos al Mycoplasma pneumoniae, como el germen de los atípicos más frecuente e importante en la epidemiología del niño con afectación pulmonar. Las neumonías por mycoplasma, pueden explicar del 20 al 25 por ciento de las neumonías en niños, sobre todo en edades preescolares y escolares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/complications , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/transmission , Radiography, ThoracicABSTRACT
Introducción: El síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus (SCPH) es una enfermedad infecciosa aguda, caracterizada por insuficiencia cardio-respiratoria súbita y alta mortalidad, causada por un virus ARN del género Hantavirus, familia Bunyaviridae. Un 15 por ciento de los casos chilenos ha sido pesquisado en la Araucanía. Objetivo: Conocer en casos fatales de SCPH, sus características clínicas y morfológicas. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo de siete casos fatales con examen postmortem, de SCPH, atendidos entre 1997 y 2009 en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Resultados: Los casos fueron principalmente pacientes jóvenes, rurales, con un cuadro de compromiso respiratorio progresivo, con leucocitosis, trombopenia e infiltrado pulmonar intersticial bilateral. Los principales hallazgos histopatológicos fueron un acentuado edema pulmonar intra-alveolar e intersticial, con escaso daño epitelial e infiltrado mono-nuclear y leve edema miocárdico con infiltrado mononu-clear. Conclusiones: Los antecedentes epidemiológicos, clínicos y laboratorio permiten sospechar SCPH. En los casos fatales la autopsia permite diferenciar el SCPH de otras patologías similares y aporta tejidos para confirmar el diagnóstico.
Introduction: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an acute infectious disease characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory failure and high mortality, caused by a RNA virus of the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, 15 percent of Chilean cases have been detected in the Araucania Region. Objective: To determine in fatal cases of HCPS, clinical and morphological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Descriptive-retrospective analysis of seven fatal cases with postmortem study of HCPS, attended between 1997 and 2009 at the Hospital of Temuco, Chile. Results: Cases were young patients from rural areas, and presented as an illness of progressive respiratory failure, with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. Main morphological findings were marked intersticial and intraalveolar pulmonary edema, with minimal epithelial injury and mononuclear cell intersticial infiltrate and mild edematous intersticial inflamatory process. Conclusions: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory background allow to suspect HCPS. In fatal cases, the autopsy makes possible to discard other similar pathologies and provide tissue for confirmation of the disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/pathology , Autopsy , Chile/epidemiology , Fatal Outcome , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Lung/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Objective To study the imaging manifestations and characters of infectious atypical pneumonias.Methods The imaging materials of 80 cases of infectious atypical pneumonias which were proved by clinical were collected, the characters of imaging manifestations were analysed.Results The abnormal appearance of lung appeared after fever occured, the average time was 2.3 days. The most appearance was high density patchy and was found in every lung field. The multiple focuses were 43.8% in all the cases. The focuses changed fast. CT could have some help in early diagnosis and prognosis observation of infectious atypical pneumonias. Conclusion Medical imaging can play important part in the diagnosis and determining the treatment effect of infectious atypical pneumonias.