Surveying Colombian Speech-Language Pathologists on their Reported Training & Practices of Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice

Objective: To explore the training and use of auditory perceptual evaluation of the voice reported by Colombian speech-language pathologists. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational research with a quantitative approach. Methods: A digital questionnaire was designed and distributed to gather information regarding professionals' training process and implementation of auditory-perceptual evaluation procedures. Descriptive statistics were applied, and several generalized linear models were adjusted to determine the influence of certain variables on others. Results: The survey received responses from 40 speech-language pathologists, revealing that the most used scales for training and evaluating vocal quality within this group are direct magnitude estimations (82.5% and 77.5%). Similarly, in this group, the tasks most frequently used to train and use as an evaluation strategy are vowel assessments (38%) followed by spontaneous speech (30%). Practitioners of this group were mostly trained using a conceptual framework involving multiple exposures to rating (42.5%). The use of direct magnitude estimation in training with a normal voice showed significance (p = 0.015), as did the use of the vowel /i/ in training with an equal-appearing interval (p = 0.013). The statistical models relating the scale used to the scale on which participants were trained were also significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GRBAS scale is the training tool most used by the group of speech-language pathologists of the study group in Colombia. Future efforts should focus on improving training practices for auditory-perceptual evaluation, exploring alternative conceptual frameworks, and incorporating external references to enhance validity and reliability.

Objetivo: Explorar los reportes de fonoaudiólogos colombianos acerca del entrenamiento y uso de la evaluación perceptual auditiva de la voz. Diseño de estudio: Se eligió un diseño de investigación observacional transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo. Metodología: Se diseñó y distribuyó un cuestionario digital para recopilar información sobre el proceso de formación de los profesionales y la implementación de procedimientos de evaluación perceptual auditiva. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y se ajustaron varios modelos lineales generalizados para determinar la influencia de ciertas variables en otras. Resultados: La encuesta recibió respuestas de 40 fonoaudiólogos, revelando que las escalas más utilizadas para la formación y la evaluación de la calidad vocal en el grupo son las estimaciones de magnitud directa (82.5% y 77.5%). Del mismo modo, en este grupo las tareas más frecuentemente utilizadas para la formación y el uso como estrategia de evaluación son las vocales (38%), seguidas por el habla espontánea (30%). La mayoría de los profesionales del grupo fueron formados utilizando un marco conceptual que involucra múltiples exposiciones a la calificación (42.5%). El uso de la estimación de magnitud directa en la formación con una voz normal mostró significancia (p = 0.015), al igual que el uso de la vocal /i/ en la formación con intervalos de igual apariencia (p = 0.013). Los modelos estadísticos que relacionan la escala utilizada con la escala en la que los participantes fueron entrenados también fueron significativos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: La escala GRBAS es la herramienta de formación más utilizada por el grupo de fonoaudiólogos del estudio. Los esfuerzos futuros deberían centrarse en mejorar las prácticas de formación para la evaluación perceptual auditiva, explorar marcos conceptuales alternativos e incorporar referencias externas para mejorar la validez y la confiabilidad.

Promoção e prevenção da saúde audiovisual na infância: uma visão holística / Promotion and prevention of audiovisual health in childhood: a holistic view

Características que permeiam promoção e prevenção da saúde audiovisual podem exercer influencias comunicativas na infância por meio de maturação de habilidades ao qual está inserido. Assim, visão e audição exercem um papel crucial quanto ao desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil, sendo o tão logo o diagnóstico precoce realizado no que tange alterações oculares e auditivas identificadas contribuindo para minimizar comprometimentos no desenvolvimento infantil. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da literatura a relação entre promoção e prevenção da saúde audiovisual e o impacto na qualidade de vida das crianças na faixa etária de 0 a 11 anos, especificando a função dos profissionais de saúde, pais, responsáveis e professores. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão da literatura, realizada entre fevereiro a junho de 2023 incluindo artigos científicos, selecionados e publicados de 2013 a 2023, em português, inglês e espanhol nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science, Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), Ministério da Saúde, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), biblioteca digital da instituição Universidade nove de Julho por meio dos descritores em inglês e português, saúde ocular, saúde auditiva, criança, pré-escolar e desenvolvimento infantil. Resultados: Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão perfizeram o montante de 77 artigos e após análise criteriosa por pares foram elegíveis 33 artigos que fizeram parte do contingente de artigos para a pesquisa. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a partir do momento onde são realizadas as orientações necessárias e exames periódicos ocorre uma diminuição no surgimento de alterações oculares ou auditivas; tratando-se de disfunções audiovisuais já diagnosticadas, medidas de tratamento melhoram não apenas a qualidade de vida bem como o desenvolvimento cognitivo, a título de exemplo temos o aparelho auditivo, prótese auricular, óculos ou lente de contato, ensino e aprendizagem com libras e braile.(AU)

Characteristics that permeate audiovisual health promotion and prevention can exert communicative influences in childhood through the maturation of skills to which it is inserted. Thus, vision and hearing play a crucial role in children's cognitive development, and as soon as the early diagnosis is made with regard to ocular and auditory alterations identified, contributing to minimize impairments in child development. Objective: To identify, through the literature, the relationship between audiovisual health promotion and prevention and the impact on the quality of life of children aged 0 to 11 years, specifying the role of health professionals, parents, guardians and teachers. Method: This is a literature review, carried out between February and June 2023, including scientific articles, selected and published from 2013 to 2023, in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the following databases: Pubmed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Web of Science, Federal Council of Nursing (COFEN), Ministry of Health, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), digital library of the institution Universidade nove de Julho through the descriptors in English and Portuguese, eye health, hearing health, child, preschool and child development. Results: After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 77 articles were totaled and, after careful peer review, 33 articles were eligible to be included in the contingent of articles for the research. Conclusion: It was found that from the moment the necessary orientations and periodic examinations are carried out, there is a decrease in the appearance of ocular or auditory alterations; In the case of audiovisual dysfunctions already diagnosed, treatment measures improve not only the quality of life but also cognitive development, for example we have hearing aids, ear prostheses, glasses or contact lenses, teaching and learning with Libras and Braille. (AU)

Las características que permean la promoción y prevención de la salud audiovisual pueden ejercer influencias comunicativas en la infancia a través de la maduración de las habilidades a las que se inserta. Así, la visión y la audición juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños, y desde el momento en que se realiza el diagnóstico precoz con respecto a las alteraciones oculares y auditivas identificadas, contribuyen a minimizar las deficiencias en el desarrollo infantil. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la literatura, la relación entre la promoción y prevención de la salud audiovisual y el impacto en la calidad de vida de los niños de 0 a 11 años, especificando el papel de los profesionales de la salud, padres, tutores y docentes. Método: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, realizada entre febrero y junio de 2023, que incluye artículos científicos, seleccionados y publicados entre 2013 y 2023, en portugués, inglés y español en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Biblioteca Científica Electrónica Online (SciELO), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Web of Science, Consejo Federal de Enfermería (COFEN), Ministerio de Salud, Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), biblioteca digital de la institución Universidade nove de Julho a través de los descriptores en inglés y portugués, salud ocular, salud auditiva, infantil, preescolar y desarrollo infantil. Resultados: Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, se totalizaron un total de 77 artículos y, después de una cuidadosa revisión por pares, 33 artículos fueron elegibles para ser incluidos en el contingente de artículos para la investigación. Conclusión: Se encontró que desde el momento en que se realizan las orientaciones necesarias y los exámenes periódicos, se produce una disminución en la aparición de alteraciones oculares o auditivas; En el caso de las disfunciones audiovisuales ya diagnosticadas, las medidas de tratamiento mejoran no solo la calidad de vida sino también el desarrollo cognitivo, por ejemplo tenemos audífonos, prótesis auditivas, gafas o lentes de contacto, enseñando y aprendiendo con Libras y Braille. (AU)

Incidence and prognosis of olfactory,gustatory and auditory dysfunctions related to infection of COVID-19 Omicron strain:A network-based survey / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and prognosis of olfactory,gustatory and auditory dysfunctions related to the COVID-19 Omicron strain infection.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was performed through online questionnaires.Data of patients with Omicron strain infection from December 24th,2022 to January 2nd,2023 were collected.The visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the self-reported olfactory,gustatory and auditory functions of patients.RESULTS A total of 869 valid questionnaires were obtained.The incidence of otolaryngology-related symptoms associated with omicron strain infection was 96.8%.The incidence of olfactory,gustatory and auditory dysfunction was 44.4%,44.2%and 10.7%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences(P<0.001)in VAS scores for olfactory,gustatory,and auditory impairments between all surveyed individuals before and after infection,as well as in the corresponding VAS scores for those who experienced these impairments.The median duration of olfactory,gustatory and auditory dysfunction were 5,4 and 3 days,respectively.CONCLUSION The incidence of olfactory,gustatory,and auditory impairments is high after Omicron infection,with most cases experiencing rapid spontaneous improvement.For the long-term symptoms,the otolaryngology doctors are responsible for exploring and developing effective intervention measures.

Imaging evaluation of duplication of the internal auditory canal / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To analyze the MSCT and MRI imaging manifestations of patients with duplication of the internal auditory canal(DIAC),improve understanding of the deformity,to provide preoperative basis for cochlear implantation.METHODS Retrospective observation of 20 cases(24 ears)of DIAC inner ear multi-spiral CT(MSCT)and MRI data,measurement and analysis of the width of the internal auditory canal(IAC)and cochlear nerve canal in the lesion group and the control group.RESULTS All DIACs had stenosis of the IAC cambined with other temporal bone malformations.MSCT shows that the 21 ears IAC,while MRI hydrography shows the 16 ears IAC divided into double tubes by bone.MRI hydrography shows a slender vestibulocochlear nerve.There were statistically significant differences(P<0.001)in the width of IAC and cochlear nerve canal between the lesion group and the control group.Six cases(8 ears)had varying degrees of hearing recovery after cochlear implant surgery.CONCLUSION DIAC shows stenosis of the IAC;The bone septa shown on MSCT are its characteristic fertures;MRI hydrography shows underdeveloped vestibular and cochlear nerves;The combination of two imaging examination methods can provide objective reference for the diagnosis of this disease and artificial auditory implantation.

Correlation Analysis and Comparison of Adult CE-Chirp ABR Response Threshold and Pure Tone Hearing Threshold / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the application of CE-Chirp in the evaluation of hearing impairment in forensic medicine by testing the auditory brainstem response(ABR)in adults using CE-Chirp to ana-lyze the relationship between the V-wave response threshold of CE-Chirp ABR test and the pure tone hearing threshold.Methods Subjects(aged 20-77 with a total of 100 ears)who underwent CE-Chirp ABR test in Changzhou De'an Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected to obtain the V-wave response threshold,and pure tone air conduction hearing threshold tests were conducted at 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 kHz,respectively,to obtain pure tone listening threshold.The differences and statistical differences between the average pure tone hearing threshold and V-wave response threshold were compared in different hearing levels and different age groups.The correlation,differences and statistical differences between the two tests at each frequency were analyzed for all subjects.The lin-ear regression equation for estimating pure tone hearing threshold for all subjects CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold was established,and the feasibility of the equation was tested.Results There was no statistical significance in the CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold dif-ference between different hearing level groups and different age groups(P>0.05).There was a good correlation between adult CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold with statistical significance(P<0.05),and linear regression analysis showed a significant linear correla-tion between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold can be used to evaluate subjects'pure tone hearing threshold under certain conditions,and can be used as an audiological test method for forensic hearing impairment assessment.

Normal Values of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Auditory Brainstem Responses Induced by Click in Normal Hearing Youth of Different Gender / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the characteristics of ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs in young adults with normal hearing,and the differences between the genders and recording sides(ipsilateral vs.contralateral).Methods Eighty-eight subjects(176 ears)aged 18 to 21 years old were recruited to perform ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs evoked by 70 dB nHL click.The mean and standard deviation of the latency of waves Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and the in-terpeak interval of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ of ipsilateral,and waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ and the interpeak interval ABRs of Ⅲ-Ⅴof contralateral ABRs were calculated.The ANOVA was used to study the differences between the males and fe-males,and between ipsilateral and contralateral recordings.Results Males showed delayed peak and interpeak la-tency in waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ(F=13.13～60.82,P＜0.001).The peak and interpeak latency of waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ(F=22.43～76.18,P＜0.001)showed difference between ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs.The latency of ipsilateral ABRs in waves Ⅲ were delayed,but in other components were earlier.Conclusion This study established the normal values of ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs in young adults with normal hearing,and reported the gender and recording sides(ipsilateral vs.contralateral)differences in ABRs.

Research Status of the Long-latency Auditory Evoked Potential in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

The long-latency auditory evoked potential can not only reflect the passive sensory processing of sound signals in the brain,but also reflect the active cognitive processing of the brain in different task modes,so it is applied to the assessment of cognitive function.This article reviews the research status of exogenous components(P1,N1,P2)and endogenous components(MMN/N2a,N2b,P3a,P3b)in the long-latency auditory evoked po-tential in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease,and provides some reference for those who carry out relevant research in China.

A Pedigree Study of Hereditary Auditory Neuropathy with Optic Atrophy / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the genetic causes of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy in a family.Methods The proband's medical history and family history were inquired in detail,and relevant clinical examina-tions were performed to confirm the diagnosis of auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy,and the genetic pedigree of the family was drawn.Peripheral blood of proband(Ⅲ-7)was collected for whole exome sequencing,and the patho-genicity of the detected mutations were interpreted.Blood samples of proband's wife(Ⅲ-8),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7),second daughter(Ⅳ-9)and son(Ⅳ-10)were tested for mutation sites by Sanger sequencing.Combined with clinical manifestations and examination results,the family was studied.Results The genetic pattern of this family was autosomal dominant.The proband showed decreased visual acuity at the age of 19,bilateral sensorineural deaf-ness at the age of 30,and decreased speech recognition rate.Among 20 members of the family of 5 generations,10(2 deceased)showed similar symptoms of hearing and visual impairment.Proband(Ⅲ-7),eldest daughter(Ⅳ-7)and son(Ⅳ-10)underwent relevant examination.Pure tone audiometry showed bilateral sensorineural deafness.ABR showed no response bilaterally.The 40 Hz AERP showed no response in both ears.OAE showed responses in some or all of the frequencies.No stapedial reflex was detected.The eye movement of Ⅲ-7 and Ⅳ-10 were reasona-ble in all directions,and color vision was normal.Ocular papilla atrophy was observed in different degrees in fundus examination.OCT showed thinning of optic disc nerve fibers in both eyes,and visual evoked potential showed pro-longed P100 wave peak.They were diagnosed as hereditary auditory neuropathy with optic atrophy.A mutation of the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)at a pathogenic locus on chromosome 3 was detected by whole exon detection in Ⅲ-7.The results of generation sequencing analysis showed that the OPA1 gene c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation of chromosome 3 was also found in Ⅳ-7 and Ⅳ-10.Meanwhile,the gen-otypes of Ⅲ-8 and Ⅳ-9 were wild homozygous,that is,no mutation occurred.Conclusion The OPA1 c.1334G＞A(p.Arg445His,NM_015560.2)mutation site might be the pathogenic mutation in this family.

The Characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Response Waveform in Autistic Children with Normal Hearing / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of auditory brainstem response(ABR)in clinical detection and severity assessment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children with normal hearing.Methods ① A total of 55 autistic children(110 ears)with normal hearing and 55 children(110 ears)with typical development(TD)who did not differ in sex composition ratio and average monthly age were divided into four sub-groups according to age:≤24 months group(22 ears),25～36 months group(40 ears),37～48 months group(28 ears)and＞48 months group(20 ears).The ABR latencies and interpeak latencies were compared between ASD children and age-matched TD children.② ASD children were graded by severity according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis-orders(DSM-V),and the correlations between the ABR latencies and interpeak latencies in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading were studied.Results ① No statistically significant differences in ABR wave latencies and interpeak latencies were found in autistic children with normal hearing under 24 months of age compared to age-matched TD children(P＞0.05).② Compared with children with TD,autistic children with nor-mal hearing at 25～36 months of age had significantly longer wave Ⅲ latencies and the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ andⅠ-Ⅴ;the significantly longer wave Ⅲ,Ⅴ latencies,the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ in autistic chil-dren with normal hearing at 37～48 months of age.Autistic children with normal hearing in the＞48 months group had significantly longer wave Ⅴ latencies and interpeak latencies of Ⅲ-Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ than age-matched TD children(P＜0.05).③ The higher the ASD severity grading the longer the wave Ⅲ and V latencies and the longer interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ,and Ⅰ-Ⅴ(P＜0.05).Conclusion Differences in the level of auditory brainstem pathway de-velopment emerged at 25 months of age,and autistic children with normal hearing had significantly lower levels of auditory brainstem development than age-matched TD children.There were correlations between the latencies and interpeak latencies of ABR in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading.

Research Progress on Auditory Evoked Potential in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Children with autism spectrum disorder usually response abnormally to auditory stimuli.Previous studies of their auditory functions mostly adapted objective electrophysiology tests,including auditory brainstem re-sponse and a series of cortical auditory evoked potentials.Combining the test results of these studies suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder have varying degree of central auditory processing impairment compared to typically developmental children.

Application of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)of memo-ry impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline(SCD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Method:According to the inclusion criteria,the recruited elderly were screened and divided into three groups:normal cognition(NC),SCD and MCI group.The neuropsychological tests including mini-mental state exami-nation(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version(MOCA-BJ)and AVLT-H were completed af-ter inclusion.The scores of MMSE,MoCA-B,AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 were recorded and analyzed. Result:There were significant differences in the scores of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H among the three groups(P＜0.0167).The adjusted Bonferroni test was used to detect significant differences in post-hoc comparison.There were significant difference in MMSE and MoCA scores between SCD and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and NC(P＜0.001).However,no significant difference between MCI and SCD was found.There were sig-nificant difference in N1 score between MCI and NC(P=0.013)and between MCI and SCD(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.There were significant difference in AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 scores between MCI and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and SCD(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.The area under the curve of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H scores were examined using NC group and SCD group as state variables,respectively.For differentiat-ing MCI and SCD,eAVLT-H scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N1 and N7 had the highest sensitivity.For distinguishing MCI from NC,AVLT-H and MoCA scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N4,N6 and N7 had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion:AVLT-H,combined with MMSE and MoCA,can improve the defining diagnostic sensitivity of MCI and SCD from normal cognition.It is recommended to routinely use AVLT-H in a routine assessment for MCI and SCD patients.

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with attention training technique on auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)combined with attention training technique(ATT)on auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty schizophrenia patients with au-ditory hallucinations were recruited according to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases,tenth Edition(ICD-10).They were randomly divided into the CBT group(30 cases,26 cases completed)and the CBT+ATT group(30 cases,25 cases completed).The CBT group received only 4 weeks of cognitive behavioral intervention for auditory hallucinations,and the CBT+ATT group received 6 weeks of attention training technology intervention based on cognitive behavioral intervention.At baseline and after 12 weeks,the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales-Auditory Hallucinations(PSYRATS-AH)and Scale of Social function in Psychosis Inpatients(SSPI)were used to evaluate the auditory hallucinations symptoms and social functioning of the two groups,and the Attentional Control Scale(ACS)was used to evaluate patients'attentional control ability of the CBT+ATT group.Results:After 12 weeks,the differences(post intervention score-baseline score)of PSYRATS-AH total scores[(-6.8±2.2)vs.(-4.2±1.5)],auditory hallucinations'frequency,duration,number of distresses,control of voices were lower in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05),and the differences of the SSPI total scores[(13.9± 2.9)vs.(11.6±4.2)]and scores of Factor I and Factor Ⅲ were higher in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:This study shows cognitive behavioral therapy combined with attention training technique could improve auditory hallucinations and social function more effectively in patients with schizophrenia.

A Study on Brain Functional Connectivity in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness Based on Auditory Stimulation / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Objective At present, the grading evaluation of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is still a focus and difficulty in related fields. Electroencephalogram (EEG) can directly read and continuously reflect scalp electrical activity generated by brain tissue structure, with high temporal resolution. Auditory stimulation is easy to operate and has broad application prospects in clinical detection of DOC. The causal network can intuitively reflect the direction of information transmission through the causal relationship between time series, helping us better understand the information interaction between different regions of the brain of patients. This paper combines EEG and causal networks to explore the differences in brain functional connectivity between patients with unresponsive arousal syndrome (VS) and those with minimum state of consciousness (MCS) under auditory stimulation. MethodsA total of 23 DOC patients were included, including 11 MCS patients and 12 VS patients. Based on the Oddball paradigm, auditory naming stimulation was performed on DOC patients and EEG signals of DOC patients were synchronously collected. The brain functional networks were constructed using multivariate Granger causality method, and the differences in node degree, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and causal flow of the brain networks between MCS patients and VS patients were calculated. The differences in network characteristics of patients with different levels of consciousness under auditory stimulation were compared from the perspective of cooperation between brain regions. ResultsThe causal connectivity between most brain regions in MCS patients was stronger than that in VS patients, and MCS patients had more brain network connectivity edges than VS patients. The average degree (P<0.05), average clustering coefficient, and global efficiency (P<0.05) of MCS patients under naming stimulation were higher than those of VS patients. The difference in out-degree between each node of VS patients was larger, and the difference in in-degree between each node of MCS patients was smaller. The difference in in-degree of MCS patients was more significant than that of VS patients, and the inflow and outflow of information in the brain functional network of MCS patients were stronger than those of VS patients. MCS and VS patients had differences of causal flow in the frontal and temporal lobes, the direction of information transmission in the parietal lobe and central region was not the same, and MCS patients had more electrodes as causal sources than VS patients. ConclusionThe information transmission ability of MCS patients is stronger than that of VS patients under auditory naming stimulation. Compared with VS patients, MCS patients have an increase in the number of electrode channels as the causal source, an increase in information output to other brain regions, and also an increase in the information output within brain regions, which may indicate a better state of consciousness in patients. MCS patients have more electrode channels for information output in the frontal lobe than VS patients, and the number of electrode channels for changing the direction of information transmission in the frontal lobe is the highest. The frontal lobe is closely related to the level of consciousness in patients with consciousness disorders. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the grading evaluation of consciousness levels in DOC patients.

Distribution characteristics and correlation analysis of GJB2 variation in patients with auditory neuropathy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To elucidate the correlation between the GJB2 gene and auditory neuropathy, aiming to provide valuable insights for genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families. Methods:The general information, audiological data（including pure tone audiometry, distorted otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem response, electrocochlography）, imaging data and genetic test data of 117 auditory neuropathy patients, and the patients with GJB2 gene mutation were screened out for the correlation analysis of auditory neuropathy. Results:Total of 16 patients were found to have GJB2 gene mutations, all of which were pathogenic or likely pathogenic.was Among them, one patient had compound heterozygous variants GJB2[c. 427C>T][c. 358_360del], exhibiting total deafness. One was GJB2[c. 299_300delAT][c. 35_36insG]compound heterozygous variants, the audiological findings were severe hearing loss.The remaining 14 patients with GJB2 gene variants exhibited typical auditory neuropathy. Conclusion:In this study, the relationship between GJB2 gene and auditory neuropathy was preliminarily analyzed,and explained the possible pathogenic mechanism of GJB2 gene variants that may be related to auditory neuropathy.

Study on gene therapy for DPOAE and ABR threshold changes in adult Otof-/- mice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:This study aims to analyze the threshold changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE） and auditory brainstem response（ABR） in adult Otof-/- mice before and after gene therapy, evaluating its effectiveness and exploring methods for assessing hearing recovery post-treatment. Methods:At the age of 4 weeks, adult Otof-/- mice received an inner ear injection of a therapeutic agent containing intein-mediated recombination of the OTOF gene, delivered via dual AAV vectors through the round window membrane（RWM）. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the proportion of inner ear hair cells with restored otoferlin expression and the number of synapses.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DPOAE and ABR thresholds before and after the treatment. Results:AAV-PHP. eB demonstrates high transduction efficiency in inner ear hair cells. The therapeutic regimen corrected hearing loss in adult Otof-/- mice without impacting auditory function in wild-type mice. The changes in DPOAE and ABR thresholds after gene therapy are significantly correlated at 16 kHz. Post-treatment,a slight increase in DPOAE was observeds,followed by a recovery trend at 2 months post-treatment. Conclusion:Gene therapy significantly restored hearing in adult Otof-/- mice, though the surgical delivery may cause transient hearing damage. Precise and gentle surgical techniques are essential to maximize gene therapy's efficacy.

Ligustilide delays senescence of auditory cortex in mice by inhibiting ferritinophagy / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ligu aged 2 months of the same strain were used as the constilide (LIG) in delaying the senescence of auditory trol (Ctrl) group. Auditory brainstem response test was cortex and treating central presbycusis. Methods used to detect the auditory threshold of mice before and Forty C57BL/6J mice aged 13 months were randomly di after treatment. Levels of serum MDA and activity of vided into ligustilide low-dose(L-LIG) group, ligustil serum SOD were detected to display the level of oxidative ide medium-dose (M-LIG) group, ligustilide high-dose stress. The pathological changes of auditory cortex were (H-LIG) group and aging (Age) group, and 10 mice observed by HE staining. Ferroptosis was observed by

Auditory training for tinnitus treatment: a scoping review

Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. Methods Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D−) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. Results 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). Conclusion Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.

Does a patient with acquired arbovirus infection have a hearing impairment? A scoping review of hearing changes in an adult with Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika

Abstract Objectives To identify and understand the evidence regarding hearing changes related to acquired Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus infection in adult individuals. Methods A scoping review was performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in the Embase, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without restriction on language and year of publication. Case studies, observational studies, and clinical trials reporting hearing loss in adult subjects (>18-60 years of age) of both sexes with DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV diagnosed by positive molecular/serological examination by RT-PCR or IgM/IgG by ELISA method were included. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The occurrence of auditory symptoms caused by arboviroses and the presence of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss was variable in adults. Conclusions Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults are associated with a variety of auditory symptoms. The frequency of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss is low but not negligible.

White noise effect on listening effort among patients with chronic tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds

Abstract Objective This study investigated the effects of WN on LE in subjects with chronic tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds. The study was a prospective, non-randomized, before-and-after, intra-participant intervention. Methods Twenty-five subjects performed the following tests: conventional and high-frequency audiometry, acuphenometry, screening questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and high WM test from the Working Memory Assessment Battery, Federal University of Minas Gerais (WMAB) as the LE measure in two conditions: No Added Noise (NAN) and with Added Noise (AN). Results Seventeen participants (68%) performed better on AN condition. Data analysis revealed a 45% improvement in the WMAB total span count on AN setting, with a significant p value (p = 0.001). Conclusion The subgroup of participants without traces of anxiety symptoms, up to mild traces of depressive symptoms, having unilateral tinnitus, and a THI level up to grade 2, had improved WM performance in the presence of WN, which suggests a release of cognitive resources and less auditory effort under these combined conditions. Evidence level 4.

Central auditory processing and aphasia: A scoping review / Processamento auditivo central e afasia: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to report scientific evidence on the impact of aphasia on central auditory processing and map the contribution of auditory training to aphasic individuals. Methods: a scoping review approaching national and international databases (SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and the gray literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed the interface between central auditory processing and aphasia, excluding duplicates, literature reviews, and scientific abstracts. Literature Review: the review comprised 13 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this study. Seven of the selected articles assessed central auditory processing, four used electrophysiological examinations (such as auditory brainstem response and long-latency auditory evoked potentials) to assess the auditory pathway, and only one analyzed the intervention in aphasic individuals with auditory training. Conclusion: scientific evidence points to an important change in aphasic people's central auditory processing, with impaired figure-ground, auditory closure, temporal resolution and ordering, and binaural integration. Moreover, it is relevant to assess auditory processing, given the contribution of auditory training in speech-language-hearing therapy for a better prognosis in the rehabilitation of aphasia.

RESUMO Objetivo: reportar as evidências científicas do impacto da afasia no Processamento Auditivo Central e mapear a contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo para a população afásica. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library e com uma busca adicional à literatura cinzenta no Google Scholar e Open Grey. Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram artigos que abordassem a interface do processamento auditivo central e afasia, excluindo-se as duplicações, artigos de revisão da literatura e resumos científicos. Revisão de Literatura: selecionaram-se 13 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade deste estudo. Dos artigos selecionados, sete apresentaram a avaliação do Processamento Auditivo Central, quatro apresentaram os exames eletrofisiológicos - como os exames de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência (PEALL) - para avaliação da via auditiva e apenas um estudo analisou a intervenção dos indivíduos afásicos por meio do treinamento auditivo. Conclusão: as evidências científicas apontam importante alteração no Processamento Auditivo Central dos afásicos, apresentando prejuízos nas habilidades auditivas de figura-fundo, fechamento auditivo, resolução e ordenação temporal e integração binaural. Ainda, demonstra-se como relevante a avaliação do processamento, devido à contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo nas terapias fonoaudiológicas para um melhor prognóstico na reabilitação das afasias.