ABSTRACT
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), a well-established multiorgan disorder affecting pigmented structures, is an autoimmune disorder of melanocyte proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. Several clinical and experimental data point to the importance of the effector role of CD4+ T cells and Th1 cytokines, the relevance of searching a target protein in the melanocyte, and the relevance of the HLA-DRB1*0405 in the pathogenesis of the disease. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease has a benign course when early diagnosed and adequatey treated. Full-blown recurrences are rare after the acute stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is over. On the other hand, clinical findings, such as progressive tissue depigmentation (including sunset glow fundus) and uveitis recurrence, indicate that ocular inflammation may persist after the acute phase. Additionally, indocyanine green angiography findings suggest the presence of choroidal inflammation in eyes without clinically detectable inflammation. The aim of this paper is to review the latest research results on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease pathogenesis and chronic/convalescent stages, which may help to better understand this potentially blinding disease and to improve its treatment.
A doença de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) afeta vários órgãos que têm em comum a presença de pigmento. É doença autoimune que agride os melanócitos de indivíduos geneticamente susceptíveis. Inúmeras evidências clínicas e experimentais demonstram a importância de células T CD4+ como células efetoras da resposta imune celular, das citocinas pró-inflamatórias Th1, da procura da proteína-alvo dentro do melanócito, e da relevância do HLA-classe II DRB1*0405 na patogênese desta doença. A doença de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada apresenta bom prognóstico visual desde que o diagnóstico seja precoce e o tratamento instituído seja adequado. Recidivas com acometimento do segmento posterior são raras após a fase aguda da doença. No entanto, achados clínicos como a progressiva despigmentação do fundo, incluindo o aspecto em por do sol, e as recidivas da uveíte indicam que a inflamação ocular pode persistir mesmo após a fase aguda da doença. Os achados da angiografia com indocianina verde também sugerem a presença de inflamação da coróide mesmo em olhos sem inflamação clinicamente detectável. O objetivo do presente trabalho é rever os mais recentes estudos sobre a patogênese da doença Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada e sobre os aspectos clínicos da fase crônica e/ou convalescente da doença, permitindo melhores conhecimentos sobre esta doença potencialmente mórbida e oferecendo terapias mais adequadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome , Chronic Disease , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/diagnosis , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/etiologyABSTRACT
O seguimento de pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST) fteqüentemente revela alterações transitórias, recorrentes e assintomáticas de TSH e(ou) hormônios tireoideanos (HT). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar estrutura e função da tireóide de portadoras da ST com história de alterações subclínicas nas concentrações hormonais. A casuística incluiu 17 pacientes com 5,92 a 22,58 anos (média: 14,64). Na primeira avaliação, foram realizadas mensurações das concentrações séricas de TSH, T4 livre,T3 totale anticorpos anti-TPO e anti-Tg, ultra-sonografia (USG) e cintilografia. As pacientes foram seguidas durante dois anos com mensurações semestrais de hormônios e anticorpos e, ainda, nova USG na avaliação final. Doze compareceram às cinco consultas previstas, das quais 11 foram submetidas às duas USG e à cintilografia. Houve alterações de TSH e(ou) HT em 14 casos, em cinco dos quais foi necessário introduzir tratamento para hipotireoidismo (quatro) ou hipertireoidismo (um). Ao final do estudo, dez das 17 pacientes tinham anticorpos presentes naquele momento ou nos exames anteriores. Na avaliação inicial (16 pacientes), só uma paciente teve USG totalmente normal, e todas as demais apresentavam alterações volumétricas (tireomegalia em 14). Na segunda USG (15 casos), quartoze apresentavam alterações volumétricas. Nas duas avaliações, oito pacientes apresentavam outras alterações compatíveis com doença crônica da tireóide, particularmente heterogeneidade do parênquima. A cintilografia foi normal em 13/16 casos. Na primeira e na última avaliação...
Ihe folIow up of patients with Iumer syndrome (IS) trequently reveals transient, recurrent and asymptomatic variations of ISH andeor) thyroid hormones (IH). Ihe aim of this work was to evaluate thyroid structure and function in patients with IS who had had episodes of subclinical abnormalities of TSH and(or) TH. Our sample comprised 17 patients aged 5.92 to 22.58 years (mean: 14.64). In the first evaluation, serum levels of TSH, free T4, total T3, anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were determined, and thyroid ultrasound (US) and scintigraphy were done. Ihe patients were followed each six months for two years with measurement of TSH, TH and thyroid antibodies, and another US was done at the end of the study. Iwelve patients attended all five consultations, and 11 were subject to both US and scintigraphy. In 14 cases there were abnormal ISH andeor) IH levels, and five patients had to be treated due to hypothyroidism (four) or hyperthyroidism (one). At the end ofthe study, ten patients had thyroid antibodies at that moment or in clinical history. In the first US (16 patients), only one patient had a totally normal examination, and alI the others had abnormal thyroid volume (thyromegaly in 14 cases). In the second US (15 patients), alI had abnormal thyroid volume. In both examinations, eight patients had other features compatible with chronic thyroid disorder, particularly heterogeneous echogenicity. Scintigraphy was normal in 13/16 cases. In the first and last evaluations, the finding of abnormal TSH and(or) IR levels was independent of age, length of time since the first episode was detected, and thyroid volume, and was also...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Hypothyroidism , Thyroid Hormones , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune , Gonadal Dysgenesis , Graves Disease , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Gland , Hashimoto Disease , Thyrotoxicosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Objective:To study the relationship betwen the mechanism of autoimmune disease and CD4+CD25+ T cell population in NIK mutated mice-aly mice.Methods:NIK mutated mice-aly/aly mice were used as model,aly/+mice as NIK normal control;cell populations were determined by FACS and the thymus structure were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results:The CD4+CD25+CD8- population were remarkably decreased in aly mice;and the UEA-1 positive cells were absent in aly mice.Conclusion:The autoimmune disease in aly mice might be the result of deceased the CD4+CD25+ population;the UEA-1 positive cells might play an important role in the development of CD4+CD25+ population. [