Tempo e direito na construção da saúde / Time and law to healthcare development

De acordo com as tendências atuais da dogmática constitucionalista brasileira, a saúde, no direito, resta centralizada nas discussões de eficácia da norma e de suas consequências interpretativas no interior do sistema jurídico. O propósito deste estudo é o de verificar as relações entre tempo e direito na construção da saúde. Assim, seu foco está relacionado à forma pela qual o direito pretende controlar o tempo, especificamente na questão sanitária.Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada está alicerçada e repousa no funcionalismo estrutural de Niklas Luhmann, na vertente autopoiética de sua teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos.Os resultados demonstram que o sistema jurídico atua de forma paradoxal em relação à saúde, seja procurando dirigir-se ao futuro, seja prendendo-se ao passado para, no presente, construir uma descrição sociojurídica das comunicações sanitárias.

In accordance with current trends in the Brazilian constitutional doctrine, the discussions on health care as a right remain centered upon the efficacy of the law and the consequences of its different interpretations within the legal system. The purpose of this study is to verify the relationships between time and law in the development of the country’s health care system. Thus, its focus is on the way in which the law attempts to control time, particularly concerning questions of health care. To this end, the methodology used is based on the structural functionalism of Niklas Luhmann and on the autopoietic aspect of his theory on autopoietic social systems. The results show that the Brazilian legal system acts in a paradoxical way when it comes to health care; it attempts to focus on the future but is stuck in the past whenit attempts to develop a socio-juridical description of health care laws in the present.

Aplicabilidad de la teoría de sistemas autorreferentes de niklas luhmann al pensamiento humano / Applicability of the theory of self-referential systems of niklas luhmann to human thought

Este artículo de reflexión presenta algunos conceptos y nociones significativas que permiten la aplicación de la teoría de los sistemas autorreferentes al pensamiento humano. Igualmente este documento presenta resultados parciales de una investigación sobre la teoría del pensamiento configuracional desde la concepción de los sistemas autopoiéticos de Maturana, además de la teoría de los sistemas autorreferentes de Luhmann. Por lo anterior, se configura un fundamento ontológico y epistemológico del pensamiento configuracional. Se proponen tesis ontológicas y epistemológicas sobre el pensamiento humano, al considerarlo como un sistema autopoiético, autorreferencial y auto-configurativo. Finalmente, se sugiere que la biopraxis es la operación reproductora que genera al pensamiento configuracional como sistema cerrado.

This reflection paper presents some notion and meaningful concept wich allow the application of the Self -Reference Luhmann's theory to the human thought. Also this paper presents parcial results of research on the Maturana's theory on configurational thought from conception of autopoietic systems; in addition to the Luhmann's theory of Self-Reference. Ontological and epis-temological on the human thought are proposed, considering it as a self-referential autopoietic system, and self-configurative. Finally, it is suggested that spawning BioPraxis operation is generated by a closed system configurational thought.

Grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en productores de subsistencia, transicionales y empresariales, bajo un enfoque autopoiético / Degree of sustainability of rural development in subsistence, intermediate, and comercial farmers, under an autopoietic view point

Se comparó, desde un enfoque autopoiético, el grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural en el distrito de Desarrollo Rural 006, La Antigua, Veracruz, México. El estudio se realizó en agosto 2007, mediante entrevistas a 30 productores de subsistencia, 30 transicionales y 20 empresarios, definidos heurísticamente. Los criterios específicos para la selección de productores fueron: Nivel de interacción con las instituciones, diversificación de sus agroecosistemas e innovación de prácticas de manejo. El análisis de eficiencia energética por tipo de productor, mostró diferencias estadísticas (P<0,01), donde el grupo transicional, que son productores de caña de azúcar, fue el más eficiente (4,62 ± 1,4); en comparación con el de subsistencia (2,01 ± 0,7) y empresarial (2,56 ± 0,8). Los empresarios mostraron mayor grado de cognición ecológica (3,01 ± 0,1), en relación (P<0,01) con el grupo de subsistencia (2,65 ± 0,1) y transicional (2,77 ± 0,1), siendo los empresarios los productores más jóvenes y con mayor nivel educativo. El mayor índice de bienestar económico racional correspondió a los empresarios (1,61 ± 0,1) en relación con los grupos subsistencia (1,46 ± 0,09) y transicional (1,52 ± 0,1) (P<0,01). El índice de manejo agrícola sustentable, resultó igual para los empresarios (1,46 ± 0,2) y para el grupo transicional (1,42 ± 0,1). El grado de sustentabilidad del desarrollo rural, fue diferente (P<0,01) y más alto en los transicionales (2,58 ± 0,3), en comparación con los de subsistencia (1,85 ± 0,1) y empresarios (2,16 ± 0,2), lo cual muestra el gran peso del indicador de eficiencia energética en el análisis. Se demostró que hubo procesos autopoiéticos en los tres grupos, solo que la reproducción socio cultural en ninguno de los sistemas está dirigida a lograr autopoiésis para la sustentabilidad. El grupo de subsistencia reprodujo procesos para poder subsistir, el transicional reprodujo su obediencia al esquema agroindustrial y los empresarios...

The degree of sustainable rural development in Rural Development District 006, La Antigua, Veracruz, Mexico was compared under an autopoietic view point. During August 2007, 30 subsistence farmers, 20 commercial farmers, and 30 farmers managing operations having both objectives (intermediate to the two extremes) were interviewed. Farmers were selected using three predetermined criteria: level of interaction with institutions, diversity of farm production, and innovation of management practices. The energy efficiency statistical analysis showed differences (P<0.01) among groups, the intermediate group, which are sugar cane growers, was the most efficient (4.62 ± 1.4) than subsistence (2.01 ± 0.7) and commercial operations growers (2.56 ± 0.8). On the other hand, commercial operations growers showed high ecological cognition (3.01 ± 0.1) compared to subsistence (2.65 ± 0.1) and intermediate (2.77 ± 0.1); commercial operations growers were youngest and with higher educational level compared to other groups. The well-being economic index was higher (P<0.01) in the commercial operations growers (1.61 ± 0.1) than in subsistence (1.46 ± 0.09) and intermediate (1.52 ± 0.1). The sustainable agricultural management index was similar between commercial operations (1.46 ± 0.2) and intermediate growers (1.42 ± 0.1). Degree of sustainable rural development, was different (P<0.01) among the three groups, with the intermediate group achieving the most (2.58 ± 0.3), followed by those from commercial operations (2.16 ± 0.2), and subsistence farming (1.85 ± 0.1); this showed the high influence of energy efficiency index. It was found autopoietic process in the three groups; however, none of the socio-cultural reproduction is intended for achieving autopoietic process for sustainability. The subsistence farming group repeat process to survive, the intermediate group reproduced the submission to agroindustry plan, and the commercial operations farmers followed...