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【Objective】 To compare the effects of 3 rehydration methods before blood donation on the prevention of on-site and delayed blood donation-related vasovagal response (VVR) . 【Methods】 From January to June 2021, 6 250 whole blood donors in 6 fixed blood donation sites signed informed consent and were divided into 198 clusters according to donor sites and dates, then they were randomly assigned to receive either oral rehydration salts (ORS), sugar water, or water group, and each drank 500 mL of ORS, sugar water or water within 20 minutes before blood donation. The researchers recorded the actual intervention accepted on site, and recorded the immediate VVR and related information. At rest after blood donation, donors submitted an electronic questionnaire containing socio-demographic information. At 48 hours after blood donation, the researchers called back every donor to record delayed VVR and related information. Logistic regression based on intention to treat (ITT) was used to analyze the difference of the incidence of VVR among the three groups, and the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was calculated. PASS 2021was used to estimate the sample size and R (4.2.0) for statistical analysis. 【Results】 The cumulative incidence of blood donation-related VVR was 2.67% (2.29%-3.11%) among street whole blood donors under the 3 rehydration methods, in which, the incidence of immediate and delayed VVR was 1.02% (0.79%-1.31%) and 1.65% (1.36%-2.01%) respectively. ITT analysis found that ORS were more effective than water in reducing the incidence of delayed VVR【OR=0.59,95% CI[0.37,0.94]】.There was no significant difference in the incidence of immediate VVR between any two groups (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of delayed VVR in the sugar water group compared with the water group (P > 0.05). There was a difference of -0.013 (【95% CI[-0.022, -0.004]】or -0.008【95% CI[-0.017, -0.000]】in the incidence of delayed VVR in the ORS group compared with water group or sugar water group, the difference was significant (P<0.05). The cumulative VVR of the three groups showed similar results to the delayed VVR. 【Conclusion】 Drinking ORS before blood donation is the most effective rehydration method to prevent delayed VVR. The next step is to establish the predictive model of delayed VVR to screen the susceptible population and provide them with ORS before blood donation, while other population can choose any liquid they like, thus achieving personalized blood donation-related VVR prevention and control.
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Objective To understand the usage of national medical insurance negotiated drugs(hereinafter referred to as"negotiated drugs")at Tianjin Second People's Hospital and to provide references for optimizing and adjusting the hospital's drug catalog.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the usage of negotiated drugs from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 to compare changes in the unit price of drugs,the quantity and amount of sales,the usage frequency(DDDs)and the daily average cost(DDC),etc before and after the negotiation.Results Between 2018 and 2022,the varieties of negotiated drugs used in the hospital increased from the original 5 to 24.Among the 13 drugs analyzed for comparison,the unit prices of 11 drugs had been reduced after negotiation,and 7 drugs were included in the medical insurance and outpatient-specific disease payment directory.The average decrease in DDC was 36.43%,and the average increase in DDDs was 1 770.31%.The implementation of this policy had increased the accessibility of medication for patients and significantly increased sales quantity.Conclusion The quantity of sales of negotiated drugs significantly increased through reducing the unit price of drugs and including them in the scope of medical insurance payment,etc.These increase the pharmacoeconomic viability of negotiated drugs,effectively reduce the burden on patients,promote rational drug use in hospitals,and improve the access and efficiency of drugs.
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A lightweight residual attention enhanced Unet(LRAE-Unet)is designed for the fully automatic brain tumor segmentation.LRAE-Unet uses lightweight residual module to solve the problems of gradient disappearance and network degradation when the network layers increases,lightweight self-attention module to suppress the irrelevant areas and highlight the significant features of specific local areas,and enhanced average pooling module with a larger field of perception to reduce the space of feature map,save computing resources and avoid over-fitting.The experiment on BraTS 2019 dataset shows that the proposed method has a Dice similarity coefficient of 91.24%,88.64%and 88.32%in the segmentations of the whole tumor,tumor core and enhanced tumor,which proves its feasibility and effectiveness for brain tumor segmentation.
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Objective To propose two different types of information encoding methods for the information encoding mode of neuronal networks based on Hodgkin-Huxley(HH)model.Methods The biological neuronal networks with different topologies were built with numerical simulations using HH model and chemical synapses.The specificities of two information encoding methods,namely average frequency encoding and interspike interval encoding,under the stimulus of sinusoidal signals and random audio signals were investigated,and the information encoding mode of neuronal networks stimulated by different signals was also analyzed.Results The information encoding mode of the neuronal networks was correlated with the stimulus signal type.When being stimulated by a continuous periodic signal,the neuronal network would generate a discharge sequence with periodicity corresponding to the stimulus signal.When the stimulus signal was a random signal,the discharge rate of the neuronal network would change with the stimulus signal intensity,and the higher the stimulus signal intensity was,the higher the action potential discharge rate was.Under the same stimulus signal,the temporal structure of the neuronal network discharge sequence was affected by the topology of the neuronal network.Conclusion The information encoding mode of neuronal networks is correlated with the stimulus signal,and the temporal structure of the discharge sequence of neuronal networks with different topologies is different.Interspike interval encoding has higher accuracy and contains more information,and the combination with the average frequency encoding can effectively express the dynamic change of the information encoding mode of neuronal networks under the stimulus.
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Objective To analyze and evaluate the hospital bed efficiency and development trend of 54 tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2020 and to provide a reference for improving efficiency in the use of hospital beds and rationally allocating medical and health resources.Methods Based on the panel data of 54 tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2020,three indicators of bed utilization rate,bed turnover times and the average length of stay of patients were selected to describe the differences of bed use efficiency in each category by using variance analysis and to evaluate the bed use efficiency in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province.Results The results of the study show that the bed utilization rate of tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province decreased from 2013 to 2020,but it is still higher than the national average level.The results of variance analysis showed that in 2019,the overall bed utilization rate of 54 third-level public hospitals reached 95.9%,which was overloaded.The number of bed turnover and the average day of hospitalization were improved,but there were significant differences in bed use efficiency among hospitals with different bed size and institutional attributes(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shandong Province should strengthen the rational allocation of medical resources,improve the level of hospital management,formulate relevant policies to promote the rational use of hospital bed resources,and further improve hospital bed efficiency.
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Objective@#To compare theeffectiveness of the use of electronic media and the use of printed media in obtaining a higher general weighted average (GWA) among 1st to 3rd year medical students at Centro Escobar University (CEU), A.Y. 2021—2022@*Research Design@#Cross sectional@*Setting@#Centro Escolar University, San Miguel, Manila@*Patient/Subject Selection@#The 140 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling design. Those currently enrolled full—time as regular CEU medical students and attending a complete number ofunits in the year level were included in the selection.@*Methods@#The GWA of the participants were obtained from the Administrative Office of CEU— School of Medicine, while data fortheindependent variables were collected using questionnaires patterned after the Academic Reading Format International Study (ARFIS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Ethical considerations of the questionnaires were approved prior to the study proper. Both the questionnaires were administered using Google Forms.@*Outcome Measures@#Hypothesis testing and RxC contingency table were utilized to determine any significant difference and association among the groupswho use printed and electronic on GWA.
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@#Objective To explore the factors affecting the stability of high concentration variable domain of heavy-chain antibody-Fc(VHH-Fc) fusion protein.Methods Three groups of forced degradation experiments,shaking,light and 40℃ high temperature were set up.Differential scanning fluorimetry,dynamic light scattering(DLS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to detect the effects of the three forced degradation conditions on the conformational stability,colloidal stability,average hydrodynamic diameter and post-translational modifications of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein.Results Under the light condition,the onset temperature of unfolding(T_(onset)),melting temperature(T_m) and aggregation onset temperature(T_(agg)) of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein decreased the most,and the oxidation ratio of Met160 and Met266 increased significantly.Under the condition of shaking,the variation of the diffusion interaction parameter(k_D) and the average hydrodynamic diameter was the largest.Conclusion Light can significantly reduce the conformational stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein and induce methionine oxidation.Shaking has the most significant effect on its colloidal stability and promotes aggregation
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Objective@#To investigate the trend in mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy.@*Methods@#Data on mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System, and the cause of death composition ratio and crude mortality were calculated. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trend in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC).@*Results@#There were 13 301 malignant tumor deaths reported in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 31.26% of the total cause of death and ranking the first among the causes of death. The crude mortality was 186.36/105 and standardized mortality was 106.63/105. There was no significant trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 (P>0.05), while the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.409%, P<0.05). The crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors were higher in men than in women (241.40/105 vs. 133.37/105; 132.66/105 vs. 79.35/105; both P<0.05). There was no obvious trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in men (P>0.05), and the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-3.017%, P<0.05). While there was no obvious trend in the crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors in women (P>0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline among residents at ages of 15 to 44 years and 65 years and older (AAPC=-3.933% and -2.413%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors was higher in men than in women among residents at ages of 0 to 14 years, 45 to 64 years and 65 years and older (all P<0.05). The five most common causes of death included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer, accounting for 66.96% of all malignant tumors. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer from 2017 to 2022 showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.815%, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The standardized mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022. Management of malignant tumors should be given a high priority among men at ages of 45 years and older, and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer were leading causes of death.
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Objective@#To analyze the trends in mortality of liver cancer in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving liver cancer control measures.@*Methods@#Data of liver cancer mortality in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2022 were collected from Wenzhou Chronic Disease Monitoring Information System. The crude mortality were estimated and standardized by the national population census data in China in 2010, and the trends in mortality of liver cancer were analyzed with average annual percent change (AAPC).@*Results@#There were 22 033 liver cancer deaths from 2014 to 2022, accounting for 18.08% of malignant tumor deaths and ranking the second in malignant tumor deaths. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 30.00/105 and the standardized mortality was 24.32/105, both showing decreasing trends (AAPC=-2.812% and -5.742%, both P<0.05). The standardized mortality of liver cancer were higher in men than in women (36.66/105 vs. 11.21/105, P<0.05), both showing decreasing trends (AAPC=-5.702% and -5.521%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of liver cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (P<0.05), with the highest crude mortality in the group aged 80 to 84 years, reaching 145.12/105. The crude mortality of liver cancer showed a tendency towards a decline among residents aged under 15 years, 15 to 44 years, 45 to 64 years and 65 years and above (AAPC=-20.311%, -6.569%, -7.408% and -3.177%, all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The mortality of liver cancer showed a tendency towards a decline in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2022. Men and the elderly were high-risk groups for liver cancer deaths, and prevention should be strengthened based on risk factors.
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Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2023 and establish a prediction model, so as to provide the reference for air pollution prevention and control.@*Methods@#PM2.5 monitoring data of Urumqi City from 2016 to 2023 were collected through the website of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China. The changing trend of PM2.5 concentration was analyzed using temporal chart and seasonal index. PM2.5 monthly average concentrations from 2016 to 2023 were used to establish an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, and the data in 2023 was fitted and compared with the actual values, using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, and PM2.5 monthly average concentration from 2024 to 2025 was predicted.@*Results@#PM2.5 daily average concentration in Urumqi City showed a decreasing trend from 2016 to 2023 (rs=-0.239, P<0.001), with high seasonal indexes in January, February and December, indicating certain seasonal characteristics. The optional model was ARIMA (1, 0, 0) (1, 1, 0)12, with the value of Akaike information criterion, corrected Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion being 727.38, 727.88 and 737.10, respectively. PM2.5 monthly average concentration in 2023 was fitted and compared with the actual values, with an absolute error range of 0.31-7.45 μg/m3, a relative error range of 0.01-0.53, and MAPE of 14.42%. PM2.5 monthly average concentration in Urumqi City from 2024 to 2025 was predicted to be consistent with the trend from 2016 to 2023.@*Conclusions@#PM2.5 concentration in Urumqi City showed a tendency towards a decline from 2016 to 2023, and was relatively high in winter. ARIMA (1, 0, 0) (1, 1, 0)12 can be used for short-term prediction of PM2.5 pollution in Urumqi City.
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@#Keropok lekor is a fish-based snack and traditional food originating from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, especially in Terengganu. This study was conducted to identify the ingredients and packaging used in the manufacturing of keropok lekor by entrepreneurs in Selangor. This study is a qualitative study that requires in-depth interviews. The Nutritionist Pro application was used to determine the nutrients in keropok lekor. The sampling method for this study is purposive sampling and involves five keropok lekor operators around Selangor. The ingredients used in making keropok lekor are salt, fish filling (fringescale sardine), baking powder, monosodium glutamate (MSG), margarine, and sweet potato flour. Through this study, it was found that the main source of sodium in keropok lekor is salt. For keropok lekor packaging, all keropok lekor operators use the same packaging method, which is vacuum packaging. In addition, the majority of keropok lekor operators (80%) have been introduced to Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP). The results of the study show that the average sodium content in keropok lekor is 372.11mg/100g and is categorized as medium-level sodium. Although the majority of keropok lekor operators have been introduced to MAP packaging, further research needs to be conducted to find out whether keropok lekor operators have renewed their packaging methods or vice versa. In conclusion, based on the findings, the content of sodium in the manufacturing of keropok lekor in Selangor is still under control. The results of this study can be used to help the government monitor the sodium content found in keropok lekor around Selangor.
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@#Objective To explore the factors affecting the stability of high concentration variable domain of heavy-chain antibody-Fc(VHH-Fc) fusion protein.Methods Three groups of forced degradation experiments,shaking,light and 40℃ high temperature were set up.Differential scanning fluorimetry,dynamic light scattering(DLS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to detect the effects of the three forced degradation conditions on the conformational stability,colloidal stability,average hydrodynamic diameter and post-translational modifications of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein.Results Under the light condition,the onset temperature of unfolding(T_(onset)),melting temperature(T_m) and aggregation onset temperature(T_(agg)) of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein decreased the most,and the oxidation ratio of Met160 and Met266 increased significantly.Under the condition of shaking,the variation of the diffusion interaction parameter(k_D) and the average hydrodynamic diameter was the largest.Conclusion Light can significantly reduce the conformational stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein and induce methionine oxidation.Shaking has the most significant effect on its colloidal stability and promotes aggregation.
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Objective To explore the application of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in the prediction of brucellosis in Urumqi, and to use this model to predict the incidence trend of brucellosis in Urumqi. Methods The monthly incidence data of brucellosis in Urumqi from January 2010 to December 2021 were selected to construct the ARIMA prediction model. The prediction effect of the model was evaluated by mean standard deviation (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The monthly incidence of brucellosis in Urumqi in 2022 was predicted by the constructed model. Results The incidence of brucellosis in Urumqi had obvious seasonal distribution, and the cases were concentrated from May to July. ARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,1)12 was the optimal prediction model, with RMSE=0.883 and MAE=5.24. The monthly incidence of brucellosis in Urumqi in 2022 was predicted to be 7, 4, 4, 6, 9, 9, 10, 7, 7, 5, 5, and 5 cases, respectively. Conclusion ARIMA model can well fit and predict the monthly incidence of brucellosis in Urumqi and provide a basis for the monitoring and prevention of brucellosis.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.
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A good voice is the basic need of humans. For professional voice users, voice governs their livelihood and social attraction. A good singing voice is attained by the regular vocal exercises and vocal training. Singing involves the skills like respiration, phonation, resonance and articulation. Bhramari Pranayama (BP) involves both humming and respiration. Humming is the resultant of the activity vocal structures which may have effect on the quality of the voice. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Bhramari Pranayama (BP) on voice quality Settings and Design: The study is an open clinical trial involving 30 healthy prospective singers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consenting for the study, who were enrolled through a survey in music schools in the region of Belagavi, Karnataka. Methods and Material: The voice of the 30 healthy prospective singers was recorded using PRAAT software with standard vocal tasks on day 0 of the study. Participants practiced 21 cycles of Bhramari Pranayama in the morning for 30 days. On Day 30, after the practice the voice was re-recorded with same vocal tasks and standard operative procedures being maintained. The recorded voice samples were saved and were subjected for voice analysis using softwares PRAAT, Vaghmi, CSL at AIISH, Mysuru. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21 and Paired ‘t’ test was applied to derive the results. Statistical Significance was set up at p<0.05. Results: Bhramari pranayama showed highly significant results in the root mean square values of the Singing power ratio - SPR (p<0.01) and singing power difference (p<0.01). Significant results in the lowest value of the singing amplitude (p<0.05), singing amplitude range (p<0.01) and mean formant frequency of second formant of vowel /u/(p<0.05). Conclusion: Bhramari Pranayama improved the resonance characteristics of the voice and there by improved the quality of singing voice in prospective singers.
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ObjectiveTo predict the incidence trend of influenza-like illness proportion （ILI%） in Shanghai using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model （SARIMA）， and to provide an important reference for timely prevention and control measures. MethodsTime series analysis was performed on ILI% surveillance data of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from the 15th week of 2015 to the 52nd week of 2019， and a prediction model was established. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average （SARIMA） model was established using data from the foregoing 212 weeks， and prediction effect of the model was evaluated using data from the latter 36 weeks. ResultsFrom the 15th week of 2015 to the 52nd week of 2019， the average ILI% in Shanghai was 1.494%， showing an obvious epidemic peak. SARIMA（1，0，0） （2，0，0） 52 was finally modeled. The residual of the model was white noise sequence， and the true values were all within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted values. ConclusionSARIMA（1，0，0） （2，0，0） 52 can be used for the medium term prediction of ILI% in Shanghai， and can play an early warning role for the epidemic and outbreak of influenza in Shanghai.
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Objective@#To investigate the trends in mortality and life lost due to female breast cancer among in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021, so as to provide insights into improvements of breast cancer control strategy in Suzhou City.@*Methods@#The epidemiological and clinical data pertaining to dead female breast cancer cases in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021 were collected from Suzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Surveillance System, including gender, age and cause of death. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), standardized YPLL (SYPLL), standardized YPLLR (SYPLLR) and average years of life lost (AYLL) due to female breast cancer were calculated. All data were standardized by the Fifth National Population Census in 2000, and the trends in mortality of breast cancer were estimated using average annual percent change (AAPC). @*Results@#Totally 4 425 death occurred due to female breast cancer in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021, with a crude mortality rate of 8.67/105, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=1.83%, t=5.080, P=0.001), and the standardized mortality was 4.68/105, which appeared no significant changes (AAPC=0.13%, t=0.356, P=0.727). The crude mortality rates of female breast cancer were 0.62/105, 10.33/105 and 21.69/105 among women at ages of 15 to 34, 35 to 64 years and 65 years and older, respectively, which appeared a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=2 315.683, P=0.001). The crude mortality of female breast cancer was 8.66/105 in urban areas and 8.86/105 in rural areas, both appearing a tendency towards a rise (urban areas: AAPC=1.73%, t=3.290, P=0.006; rural areas: AAPC=2.68%, t=6.565, P=0.001). The YPLL, SYPLL, YPLLR, SYPLLR and AYLL of female breast cancer were 44 485 person-years, 30 387 person-years, 0.99‰, 0.68‰ and 14.94 years per person, and both YPLLR (AAPC=-1.06%, t=-2.193, P=0.047) and AYLL (AAPC=-1.53%, t=-4.783, P=0.001) appeared a tendency towards a reduction, respectively. @*Conclusion@#The crude mortality of female breast cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise and the life loss appeared a tendency towards a decline in Suzhou City from 2007 to 2021. The elderly population should be given a high priority for breast cancer control.
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Objective@#To investigate the mortality and life loss of malignant tumors among residents in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy for malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to dead cases of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 were collected from Beijing Integrated and Analysis Platform for Health and Disease Prevention Monitoring Information Resources. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), rate of standardized years of potential life lost (SYPLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors were measured to analyze the trends in mortality of malignant tumors and life loss.@*Results@#A total of 23 202 residents died from malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates of malignant tumors were 198.09/105 and 101.46/105, respectively. The standardized mortality of malignant tumors was 117.36/105 among men and 85.97/105 among women. The standard mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among all cases (APC=-1.515%, t=-4.289, P=0.005) and women (APC=-1.629%, t=-3.046, P=0.023), and the crude mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=49.324, P<0.001). The five most deadly malignant tumors included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the three malignant tumors with the three highest life loss, with YPLL of 18 054 person-years, 9 446 person-years and 8 179 person-years, respectively. Leukemia had the highest AYLL (15.95 years per person).@*Conclusions@#The standardized mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and men and the elderly people were at high risk of malignant tumors. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer were leading causes of death, leukemia was the major cause of life loss.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of PTB prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, and a time series model was established to quantitatively predict the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 2023. Results The incidence rate in Ankang City showed a significant upward trend from 2011 to 2017, and a more obvious downward trend in 2017-2021 (P<0.05), and the decrease rate in 2021 was 40.36% compared with that in 2017. The proportion of etiological positivity increased from 12.5% in 2014 to over 50.00% after 2019. The incidence season was mainly concentrated in the first quarter, accounting for 28.39% of the annual incidence. High incidence areas were concentrated in the south of Ankang: Langao County, Ziyang County and Zhenping County, with 128.32/100 000, 117.07/100 000 and 110.44/100 000, respectively. Low incidence areas were located in the north of Ankang: Ningshan County, with 60.62/100 000. Farmers and students were the high incidence groups, accounting for 81.80% and 4.97% of the total cases respectively. The incidence of young children was relatively low, but cases were reported every year. The incidence rate of male was 2.39 times that of female. The age of onset increased significantly from 15 years old, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 60-<80 years old, followed by the age group of 45-<60 years old, the average annual incidence was 136.44/100 000 and 104.47/100 000, respectively. The model ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)12 predicted that the incidence of the disease generally increased from October 2022 to March 2023, then steadily decreased, and increased again in December. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis varies in different areas of Ankang City, and males, farmers, students and the elderly are all factors of high incidence of tuberculosis. Therefore, different prevention and control strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of population in different areas. The number of cases in Ankang City in 2023 showed an overall downward trend, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PTB.
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This study aimed to explore the infrared manifestation and role of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in phlegm-dampness me-tabolic syndrome(MS), and to provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. Subjects were selected from the department of endocrinology and ward in the South District of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from August 2021 to April 2022, including 20 in healthy control group, 40 in non phlegm-dampness MS group and 40 in phlegm-dampness MS group. General information, height and weight of the subjects were collected and body mass index(BMI) was calculated. Waist circumference(WC), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was measured. Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), leptin(LP), adiponectin(ADP) and fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21) were detected. The infrared thermal image of the supraclavicular region(SCR) of the subjects before and after cold stimulation test was collected by infrared thermal imager and the changes of infrared thermal image in the three groups were observed. In addition, the differences in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups were compared, and the changes of BAT in SCR were analyzed. The results showed compared with the conditions in healthy control group, the levels of WC, SBP, DBP, TG and FPG in MS groups were increased(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with non phlegm-dampness MS group, phlegm-dampness MS group had higher conversion score of phlegm dampness physique(P<0.01). According to the infrared heat map, there was no difference in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups before cold stimulation. while after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS groups was lower than that in healthy control group(P<0.05). After cold stimulation, the maximum temperature of SCR and its arrival time in the three groups were as follows: healthy control group(3 min)>non phlegm-dampness MS group(4 min)>phlegm-dampness MS group(5 min). The thermal deviation of SCR was increased and the average body surface temperature of left and right sides were higher(P<0.01) in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, while the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with that in healthy control group, the elevated temperature between left and right sides was lower(P<0.01, P<0.05), and compared with that in non phlegm-dampness MS group, the elevated temperature of left side was lower(P<0.05). The changes of the average body surface temperature of SCR in the three groups were in the order of healthy control group>non phlegm-dampness MS group>phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with the conditions in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, FINS, BMI and FGF-21 levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05), while ADP level was decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in phlegm-dampness MS group. Moreover, the LP level in phlegm-dampness MS group was higher than that in non phlegm-dampness MS group(P<0.01). It was observed in clinical trials that after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS patients was lower than that of the healthy people; the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS patients, and the difference in their elevated temperature was lower than that in the other two groups. These characteristics provided objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. With abnormal BAT related indicators, it was inferred that the content or activity of BAT in SCR of phlegm-dampness MS patients were reduced. There was a high correlation between BAT and phlegm-dampness MS, and thus BAT might become an important potential target for the intervention in phlegm-dampness MS.