ABSTRACT
Preventive programs are standardized behavioral interventions that either stop or reduce course of diseases. Indeed, it is known that much of public health programs are synonymous to preventive medicine, which constitute major theme in primary healthcare. The objective of this study was to provide preliminary summaries of research programs, which determined nutritional status on visual impairment (VI) among children,utilization of ITNs and reduction of HIV/AIDS infection in Nigeria. The studies adopted intervention approaches. In Delta state, antioxidant vitamins and ferrous sulphate were administered to participants, to assess impact on visual impairment. In health education on utilizationof ITNs in Bayelsa and Rivers states; as well as on HIV/AIDS infection in Northern Nigeria. Statistically, the studies followed a quantitative method. Baseline percentages of vitamin A and C deficiencies, anaemia, and VI differed with respective post-intervention levels. Post-intervention result showed that 92.1% owned ITNs, improved knowledge of causes and consequences of malaria. On HIV, community-based television, and radio awareness programs on the use of condom influenced the reduction of HIV/AIDS infection by up to 30%. In conclusion, the preliminary reports indicatethatantioxidant vitamins and iron supplementation ameliorated anaemia and VI. Public health awarenesscampaign influenced behavioural change wheel on use of ITNs as well asuse of condom for the reduction of HIV/AIDS infection in Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
La conciencia fonológica es un predictor importante del aprendizaje de la lectoescritura. Se han desarrollado y probado diferentes programas para su estimulación, sin embargo, el grado de variabilidad entre los métodos utilizados dificulta la comparación de resultados. Es necesaria una síntesis de la literatura para analizar la efectividad de programas de estimulación de la conciencia fonológica, que considere la variabilidad existente entre metodologías. Se planteó una revisión con los siguientes objetivos:1) sintetizar la literatura sobre estudios que investigan programas de estimulación de la conciencia fonológica en niños con desarrollo típico; 2) examinar la eficacia de dichos programas; 3) evaluar críticamente su metodología.Para esta investigación bibliográfica se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Central, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Knowledge. Diez artículos cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos y fueron incluidos en el presente estudio. En general, los resultados mostraron la efectividad de los programas de estimulación de conciencia fonológica utilizados. Sin embargo, la calidad metodológica es variable entre los estudios; esto incluye una falta de detalle en cuanto a los criterios de inclusión, capacitación limitada de los/las profesionales que llevaron a cabo los programas de CF, participación inconsistente de los padres y falta de seguimiento. Se discuten algunas pautas para futuras investigaciones con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad metodológica de los estudios y reducir el riesgo de sesgo.
Phonological awareness is a strong predictor of reading and writing skills development. Several programs have been developed and tested for the stimulation of phonological awareness, but the degree of variation among them makes it difficult to compare the different methods. A synthesis of the literature on phonological awareness stimulation programs is needed to examine the effectiveness of PA programs while considering the variability that exists between the methodologies used. This systematic review aimedto 1) synthesize the literature on PA stimulation programs in typically developing children; 2) examine the effectiveness of PA programs; 3) critically appraise the methodology of PA stimulation programs. Central, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge were used to conduct an extensive literature search. A total of 10 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present study. Results showed that, in general, the phonological awareness stimulation programs carried out in the analyzed research were effective. However, the quality of the methodology varied significantly across studies, showing in some cases a lack of detail in the inclusion criteria, limited training of the professionals who carried out the PA programs, an inconsistency in parent involvement, and a lack of follow-up. Guidelines for future research are discussed to enhance the methodological quality of this line of research and reduce the risk of bias.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Awareness , PhoneticsABSTRACT
Background: AHA defines cardiomyopathies as a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the year 2017 at an OPD of Cardiology of a private hospital located in Telangana state, India. Data has been collected after diagnosis is made and treatment regimen is given by an Interventional Cardiologist.Results: Data has been collected from 78 cardiac patients, out of which 17.9% patients had Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) among them 57.14% were male. In the present study DCM was reported more in the age group of 61-70 years (42.85%). Treatment pattern in most of the prescriptions include Diuretics, Beta blockers, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Cardiac Glycosides, Antiplatelet and Antihyperlipidaemics.Conclusions: To conclude, lack of awareness among people about this disease is leading it to progress to advanced stages and prognosis of which is poor. Conducting community awareness programs can play a key component in improving the prognosis of this disease.