Clinical observation of acupuncture treatment for children with accommodative myopia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture in the treatment of accommodative myopia in children.Methods:A total of 76 children with accommodative myopia who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a control group or a test group according to the random number table method,with 38 cases in each group.The control group was given education on eye hygiene,and the test group was treated with acupuncture twice a week for 2 months in addition to the intervention used in the control group.The patient's uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),refraction,and axial length(AL)were measured before treatment and 1 month and 2 months after treatment.Results:After 1 month of treatment,there was no significant difference in the UCVA between the two groups(P＞0.05);after 2 months of treatment,the UCVA of the test group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).After 1 and 2 months of treatment,the refraction of the two groups was significantly different from that before treatment(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).After 1 and 2 months of treatment,the AL in the control group was increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in the test group(P＞0.05),and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment can improve UCVA in children with accommodative myopia.

Association of peripheral axial length, retinal curvature with refraction in school-aged children / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the association of peripheral axial lengths and retinal curvatures with refractive status.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted out.Two hundred and eighty-seven eyes of 287 consecutive children aged 6-15 years old who recieved eye examinations at Beijing Tongren Hospital from July to October 2021 were enrolled, including 154 males and 133 females.Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity were tested with a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.Spherical equivalent (SE) was measured via an auto refractometer after cycloplegia with tropicamide.The hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups were defined with a SE >+ 0.5 D, SE >-0.5 D to ≤+ 0.5 D and SE≤-0.5 D, respectively.Central and 30° peripheral eye lengths (nasal, temporal, superior, inferior) were obtained using the Lenstar LS900.Retinal coordinates were derived from partial coherence interferometry modeling and converted to retinal curvatures.According to the median horizontal peripheral eye length differences (absolute difference between nasal and temporal), participants were assigned to H1 group (absolute difference <0.35 mm) or H2 group (absolute difference ≥0.35 mm). According to the median vertical peripheral eye length differences (absolute difference between superior and inferior), participants were assigned to V1 group (absolute difference <0.32 mm) or V2 group (absolute difference ≥0.32 mm). Four groups of V1H1, V1H2, V2H1 and V2H2 were constructed according to the grouping methods in both directions above.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2021-162). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians of each subject prior to any medical examination.Results:The central axial length was 23.53(22.93, 24.10)mm.Peripheral eye lengths of temporal, nasal, superior and inferior were 22.75(22.11, 23.22)mm, 22.99(22.32, 23.45)mm, 23.24(22.58, 23.75)mm and 23.12(22.52, 23.56)mm, respectively.Temporal eye length was shorter than nasal, showing a statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.58, P<0.01). Compared with H2 group, H1 group had shorter central, nasal, superior and inferior eye lengths, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Compared with V2 group, V1 group had shorter central, nasal and superior eye lengths, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). SE of H1 group was + 0.06 (-1.06, + 0.75) D, which was significantly greater than -0.32 (-1.64, + 0.56) D of H2 group ( Z=-2.10, P=0.04). SE of V1 group was + 0.13 (-0.81, + 0.80) D, which was significantly greater than -0.56 (-1.83, + 0.48) D of H2 group ( Z=-3.39, P<0.01). The myopia ratio of V1 group was 33.5% (58/173), which was significantly lower than 50.5% (53/105) of V2 group ( χ2=7.83, P<0.01). There was a significant overall difference in SE among VIH1, V1H2, V2H1 and V2H2 groups ( H=24.79, P<0.01). SE was greater in V1H1 group than V1H2, V2H1 and V2H2 groups (all at P<0.01). There was a significant difference in both horizontal and vertical retinal curvatures among different refractive groups ( H=22.34, 19.30; both at P<0.01). The retical curvature in both directions of hyperopic and emmetropic groups were significantly larger than those of myopic group (both at P<0.01). Conclusions:Peripheral eye lengths are asymmetric in school-aged children.Higher asymmetry is associated with myopic shifts.Myopic children have a steeper retina than the hyperopic and emmetropic children.

Intraocular lens power estimation for future emmetropia in pediatric cataract surgery / Estimativa do poder da lente intraocular para emetropia futura em cirurgias de catarata pediátrica

ABSTRACT Purpose: Creating models, in pediatric cataracts, to estimate kerotometry and axial length values at future ages, based on kerotometry and axial length measured at surgery, to estimate the intraocular lens power for emmetropia in future ages. Methods: Eyes with bilateral cataract and kerotometry and axial length measured at surgery and at least one postoperative examination with kerotometry and axial length measurements, were considered for this study. The models to estimate future kerotometry and axial length values were created considering (1) kerotometry and axial length measured at surgery, (2) the average slope of kerotometry and axial length logarithmic regression created for every single eye and (3) age at surgery. The intraocular lens for future ages can be estimated using these values in third generation formulas. The estimation errors for kerotometry, axial length and intraocular lens were also calculated. Results: A total of 57 eyes from 29 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age at the surgery and follow-up was 36.96 ± 32.04 months and 2.39 ± 1.46 years, respectively. The average slope of logarithmic regression created for every single eye were -3.286 for kerotometry and +3.189 for axial length. The average absolute estimation errors for kerotometry and axial length were respectively: 0.61 ± 0.54 D and 0.49 ± 0.55 mm, and for intraocular lens using SRK-T, Hoffer-Q and Holladay I formulas were: 2 . 04 ± 1 . 73 D , 2 . 49 ± 2 . 10 D and 2 . 26 ± 1 . 87 D, respectively. Conclusions: The presented models could be used to estimate the intraocular lens power for emmetropia at future ages to guide the choice of the intraocular lens power to be implanted in pediatric cataract.

RESUMO Objetivo: Criar modelos, em catarata pediátrica, para estimar valores futuros de ceratometria e comprimento axial, com base na ceratometria e no comprimento axial medidos na cirurgia, para previsão do poder da lente intraocular para emetropia em idades futuras. Métodos: Olhos com catarata bilateral, ceratometria e comprimento axial medidos na cirurgia e pelo menos um exame pós-operatório com medidas de ceratometria e comprimento axial foram considerados para este estudo. Os modelos para estimar futuras ceratometrias e comprimentos axiais foram criados considerando (1) ceratometria e comprimento axial medidos na cirurgia, (2) a inclinação média da regressão logarítmica da ceratometria e comprimento axial criada para cada olho e (3) a idade na cirurgia. A lente intraocular para emetropia em idades futuras pode ser estimada usando esses valores em fórmulas de terceira geração. Os erros de estimativa da ceratometria, comprimento axial e poder da lente intraocular, usando os modelos, também foram calculados. Resultados: 57 olhos de 29 pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A idade média na cirurgia e acompanhamento foram de 36,96 ± 32,04 meses e 2,39 ± 1,46 anos, respectivamente. A inclinação média da regressão logarítmica criada para cada olho foi de -3.286 para ceratometria e + 3.189 para o comprimento axial. Os erros médios de estimativa absoluta para ceratometria e comprimento axial foram respectivamente: 0,61 ± 0,54 D e 0,49 ± 0,55 mm, e para o poder da lente intraocular usando as fórmulas SRK-T, Hoffer-Q e Holladay I foram: 2,04 ± 1,73 D, 2,49 ± 2,10 D e 2,26 ± 1,87 D, respectivamente. Conclusões: Os modelos apresentados podem ser utilizados para estimar o poder da lente intraocular que levaria a emetropia em idades futuras e orientar a escolha do poder da lente intraocular a ser implantada na catarata pediátrica.

Characterization of ocular biometric parameters in Colombian candidates for cataract surgery / Caracterización de los parámetros biométricos oculares de pacientes colombianos candidatos a cirugía de catarata

Abstract Introduction: Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, based on ocular biometry, is a determinant for the success of cataract surgery. Objectives: To characterize the ocular biometric parameters of Colombian patients over 40 years of age who are candidates for cataract surgery and to determine the prevalence of the 9 clinical conditions proposed by Holladay according to the interaction between axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. The ocular biometry results of 781 patients (831 eyes) who were going to be taken to cataract surgery between January 2014 and January 2015 in Medellín, Colombia, were reviewed. After applying exclusion criteria, 716 eyes were included for analysis. Data on age, sex, AL, keratometry (flat keratometry (K1) and steep keratometry (K2)), ACD and white-to-white distance were collected. Results are presented using descriptive statistics. Results: Most eyes were from women (62.3%). The mean values of AL, K1 and ACD were 23.37±1.51mm, 43.52±2.06 and 3.03mm±0.41, respectively. Mean AL in men was 23.62±1.37mm, and in women, 23.21±1.67mm. The highest mean AL was observed in patients <50 years old (23.84±2.41) and the lowest in patients ≥80 years old (22.96±1.03 mm). Regarding eye size according to their AL, 90.5% were normal, 4.89% long, and 4.61% short. Conclusions: 85% of the participants had normal biometric parameters. For the remaining 15%, it is necessary to take some precautions when calculating IOL power, such as using fourth-generation formulas like Holladay 2 in long eyes, because the same refractive behavior will not be obtained using traditional prediction formulas in these patients. Furthermore, according to the Holladay classification, excluding normal eyes, the most frequent eyes were those with myopia and axial hyperopia.

Resumen Introducción. El cálculo del poder del lente intraocular (LIO), basado en la biometría ocular, es un factor determinante del éxito en la cirugía de catarata. Objetivos. Caracterizar los parámetros biométricos oculares de pacientes colombianos mayores de 40 años candidatos a cirugía de catarata y determinar la prevalencia de las 9 condiciones clínicas propuestas por Holladay según la interacción entre longitud axial (LA) y profundidad de la cámara anterior (ACD). Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico. Se revisaron los resultados de biometría ocular de 781 pacientes (831 ojos) que iban a ser sometidos a cirugía de cataratas entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2015 en Medellín, Colombia. Luego de aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se incluyeron 716 ojos para análisis. Se recolectaron datos sobre edad, sexo, LA, queratometría (queratometría más plana (K1), queratometría más curva (K2)), ACD y distancia blanco-blanco. Los resultados se presentan mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados. La mayoría de ojos eran de mujeres (62.3%). Las medias de LA, K1 y ACD fueron 23.37±1.51mm, 43.52±2.06 y 3.03±0.41mm, respectivamente. La media de LA en hombres fue 23.62±1.37mm, y en mujeres, 23.21±1.67mm. La media más alta de LA se observó en pacientes <50 años (23.84±2.41mm) y la más baja en aquellos ≥80 años (22.96±1.03mm). Respecto al tamaño de los ojos según su LA, 90.5% fueron normales; 4.89%, largos, y 4.61%, cortos. Conclusiones. 85% de los participantes tuvo parámetros biométricos normales. Para el 15% restante es necesario tomar precauciones al calcular el poder del LIO, tales como el uso de fórmulas de cuarta generación como la Holladay 2 en ojos largos, pues en estos pacientes no se obtendrá el mismo comportamiento refractivo con las fórmulas de predicción tradicionales. Además, según la clasificación de Holladay, excluyendo a los ojos normales, los ojos más frecuentes fueron aquellos con miopía e hipermetropía axial.

The effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on axial length and choroidal thickness / Efeitos da acomodação farmacológica e da cicloplegia no comprimento axial e na espessura da coroide

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effects of pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia on ocular measurements. Methods: Thirty-three healthy subjects [mean (±SD) age, 32.97 (±5.21) years] volunteered to participate in the study. Measurement of the axial length, macular and choroidal thickness, refractive error, and corneal topography, as well as anterior segment imaging, were performed. After these procedures, pharmacological accommodation was induced by applying pilocarpine eye drops (pilocarpine hydrochloride 2%), and the measurements were repeated. The measurements were repeated again after full cycloplegia was induced using cyclopentolate eye drops (cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%). The correlations between the measurements were evaluated. Results: A significant increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after applying 2% pilocarpine was identified (without the drops, 319.36 ± 90.08 µm; with pilocarpine instillation, 341.60 ± 99.19 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 318.36 ± 103.0 µm; p<0.001). A significant increase in the axial length was also detected (without the drops, 23.26 ± 0.83 mm; with pilocarpine instillation, 23.29 ± 0.84 mm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 23.27 ± 0.84 mm; p=0.003). Comparing pharmacological accommodation and cycloplegia revealed a significant difference in central macular thickness (with pilocarpine instillation, 262.27 ± 19.34 µm; with cyclopentolate instillation, 265.93 ± 17.91 µm; p=0.016). Pilocarpine-related miosis (p<0.001) and myopic shift (p<0.001) were more severe in blue eyes vs. brown eyes. Conclusion: Pharmacological accommodation may change ocular measurements, such as choroidal thickness and axial length. This condition should be considered when performing ocular measurements, such as intraocular lens power calculations.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da acomodação farmacológica e da cicloplegia nas medições oculares. Métodos: participaram do estudo 33 voluntários saudáveis (média de idade [± DP], 32,97 anos [± 5,21 anos]). Foram medidos o comprimento axial, a espessura macular e coroidal e o erro refrativo, bem como realizados exames de imagem da topografia corneana e do segmento anterior. Em seguida, foi induzida a acomodação farmacológica aplicando-se colírio de pilocarpina (cloridrato de pilocarpina a 2%) e as medições foram repetidas nos participantes. As mesmas medições foram repetidas depois de induzir a cicloplegia completa com colírio de ciclopentolato (cloridrato de ciclopentolato a 1%) e foram avaliadas as correlações entre as medidas. Resultados: Identificou-se aumento significativo da espessura coroidal subfoveal com o uso da pilocarpina a 2% (sem colírio, 319,36 ± 90,08 µm; com a instilação de pilocarpina, 341,60 ± 99,19 µm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 318,36 ± 103,0 µm; p<0,001). Detectou-se também aumento significativo do comprimento axial (sem colírio, 23,26 ± 0,83 mm; com a instilação de pilocarpina, 23,29 ± 0,84 mm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 23,27 ± 0,84 mm; p=0,003). Ao se comparar a acomodação farmacológica e a cicloplegia, houve diferença significativa na espessura macular central (com a instilação de pilocarpina, 262,27 ± 19,34 µm; com a instilação de ciclopentolato, 265,93 ± 17,91 µm; p=0,016). Observou-se que a miose associada à pilocarpina (p<0,001) e o desvio miópico (p<0,001) foram mais severos nos olhos azuis que nos castanhos. Conclusão: A acomodação farmacológica pode alterar medidas oculares como a espessura da coroide e o comprimento axial. Essa possibilidade deve ser levada em consideração ao se efetuarem medições oculares, tais como cálculos de potência de lentes intraoculares.(AU)

Effects of axial length on retinal nerve fiber layer and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer measured by spectral-domain OCT / Efeito do comprimento axial ocular na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina e da camada de células ganglionares-plexiforme interna avaliadas por OCT espectral

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the influence of ocular axial length on circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in healthy eyes after correcting for ocular magnification effect. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 120 eyes from 60 volunteer participants (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes). The thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer were measured using the spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT)-Cirrus HD-OCT and correlated with ocular axial length. Adjustment for ocular magnification was performed by applying Littmann's formula. Results: Before the adjustment for ocular magnification, age-adjusted mixed models analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between axial length and average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.43, p<0.001), inferior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.46, p<0.001), superior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.31, p<0.05), nasal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.001), and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.05). However, after correcting for magnification effect, the results were considerably different, revealing only a positive correlation between axial length and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=0.42, p<0.001). Additionally, we demonstrated a positive correlation between axial length and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=0.48, p<0.001). All other correlations were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Before adjustment for ocular magnification, axial length was negatively correlated with circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by Cirrus-OCT. We attributed this effect to ocular magnification associated with greater axial lengths, which was corrected with the Littman's formula. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of ocular magnification correction on the diagnostic accuracy of Cirrus-OCT.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do comprimento axial ocular na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e na espessura da camada de células ganglionares-plexiforme interna em olhos saudáveis após correção para efeito de magnificação ocular. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, avaliamos 120 olhos de 60 participantes voluntários (míopes, emétropes e hipermétropes). A espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e da camada de células ganglionares-plexiforme interna foram medidas usando a tomografia de coerência óptica espectral (OCT)-Cirrus HD-OCT e correlacionada com o comprimento axial ocular. O ajuste para a magnificação ocular foi realizado aplicando a fórmula de Littmann. Resultados: Antes do ajuste para magnificação ocular, a análise de modelos mistos ajustada por idade demonstrou uma correlação negativa significante entre o comprimento axial e a espessura média da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar (r=-0,43; p<0,001), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar inferior (r=-0,46; p <0,001), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar superior (r=-0,31; p<0,05), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar nasal (r=-0,35; p<0,001) e espessura média das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna (r=-0,35; p<0,05). No entanto, após a correção do efeito de magnificação, os resultados foram consideravelmente diferentes, revelando apenas uma correlação positiva entre o comprimento axial e a espessura temporal da camada de fibras nervosas da retina(r=0,42; p<0,001). Além disso, demonstramos uma correlação positiva entre o comprimento axial e a espessura média das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna (r=0,48; p<0,001). Todas as outras correlações não foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: Antes do ajuste para o efeito de magnificação ocular, o comprimento axial estava negativamente correlacionado com a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna medido pelo Cirrus-OCT. Atribuimos esse efeito à magnificação ocular associada a comprimentos axiais maiores, o que foi corrigido com a fórmula de Littman. Mais estudos são necessários para investigaro impactoda correçãoda magnificação ocular na acurácia diagnóstica do Cirrus-OCT.

Optical biometry-based axial length alterations after intravitreal dexamethasone implant / Alterações do comprimento axial com base na biometria óptica após o implante de dexametasona intravítrea

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate changes in axial length after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in patients with macular edema. Methods: We performed a prospective comparative study of 46 patients with unilateral macular edema, due to diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and non-infectious uveitis, who underwent dexamethasone implantation. The fellow eyes of the patients were considered the control group. The central macular thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and axial length was measured by IOLMaster 700 optical coherence biometry. We compared axial length and central macular thickness values within the groups. Results: In the study group, the baseline central macular thickness was 460.19 ± 128.64 mm, significantly decreasing to 324.00 ± 79.84 mm after dexamethasone implantation (p=0.000). No significant change in central macular thickness measurements was seen in the control group (p=0.244). In the study group, the baseline axial length was 23.16 ± 0.68 mm, significantly increasing to 23.22 ± 0.65 mm after dexamethasone implantation (p=0.039). However, the control group exhibited no significant change in axial length (p=0.123). Conclusions: In addition to significantly reducing central macular thickness measurements, intravitreal dexamethasone implantation also significantly changes optical biometry-based axial length measurements.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar alterações no comprimento axial após implante de dexametasona intravítrea em pacientes com edema macular. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo e comparativo de 46 pacientes com edema macular unilateral, devido à retinopatia diabética, oclusão da veia retiniana e uveíte não infecciosa, que foram submetidos ao implante de dexametasona. Os olhos contralateral de cada paciente foram considerados o grupo controle. A espessura macular central foi medida por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral, e o comprimento axial foi medido por meio de biometria de coerência óptica de domínio espectral e o comprimento axial foi medido pela biometria de coerência óptica com IOLMaster 700. Comparamos o comprimento axial e os valores da espessura macular central dentro dos grupos. Resultados: No grupo de estudo, a espessura macular basal foi de 460,19 ± 128,64 mm, diminuindo significativamente para 324,00 ± 79,84 mm após o implante de dexametasona (p=0,000). Nenhuma mudança significativa nas medidas da espessura macular central foi observada no grupo controle (p=0,244). No grupo de estudo, o comprimento axial basal foi de 23,16 ± 0,68 mm, aumentando significativamente para 23,22 ± 0,65 mm após o implante de dexametasona (p=0,039). No entanto, o grupo controle não apresentou alteração significativa no comprimento axial (p=0,123). Conclusões: Além de reduzir significativamente as medidas da espessura macular central, o implante de dexametasona intravítrea também altera significativamente as medidas de comprimento axial baseadas na biometria óptica.

Ângulos visuais: Artigo sobre a importância para o Implante de Lentes Intraoculares Multifocais / Visual angles: Article on the importance of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Implantation

Resumo Objetivos: Medir o ângulo lâmbda (AL) em indivíduos no pré-operatório de facectomias, correlacionando a sua presença com o comprimento axial e o esférico dos olhos. Sugerir condutas para o implante de LIO multifocal de acordo com a presença do ângulo lâmbda. Métodos: Estudo transversal em 128 olhos de 74 indivíduos candidatos à cirurgia de catarata para registrar a equivalente presença do ângulo lâmbda. Resultados: Avaliando o ângulo lâmbda observou-se uma correlação positiva (r= 0,559 / p= 0,000) para o tamanho desse ângulo comparando-se os dois olhos. Não houve correlação entre o tamanho do ângulo lâmbda e o equivalente esférico no olho direito (r= -0,027 / p= 0,840), mas foi verificada correlação positiva para o olho esquerdo (r= 0,313 / p= 0,013). A presença da hipermetropia correlacionou com os comprimentos axiais pequenos, assim como a miopia com os grandes. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o tamanho do ângulo lâmbda e o comprimento axial para os dois olhos, sendo de r= -0,249 para o olho direito (p= 0,042) e r= -0,281 para o olho esquerdo (p= 0,018) Conclusões: Houve correlação entre a presença de ângulo lâmbda maior e comprimentos axiais menores para os dois olhos. Para o equivalente esférico hipermétrope houve correlação com a presença de um ângulo lâmbda maior apenas para o olho esquerdo. Esse trabalho sugere parcimônia nos implantes de LIO multifocal na presença de ângulo lâmbda significativo, baseado na teoria que a presença desse ângulo é reguladora do equilíbrio entre as aberrações da superfície corneana versus cristalineanas.

Abstract Objectives: To measure the labral angle (LA) in individuals in the preoperative period of facectomies, correlating their presence with axial length and spherical equivalent of the eyes. Suggest conduits for the implantation of multifocal IOL according to the presence of the lambda angle. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 128 eyes of 74 individuals who were candidates for cataract surgery to record the presence of the lambda angle. Results: A positive correlation (r = 0.559 / p = 0.000) was observed for the angle of this angle by comparing the two eyes. There was no correlation between the size of the lambda angle and the spherical equivalent in the right eye (r = -0.027 / p = 0.840), but a positive correlation was observed for the left eye (r = 0.313 / p = 0.013). The presence of hyperopia correlated with small axial lengths, as did myopia with large ones. There was a negative correlation between the angle of the tongue and the axial length of the two eyes, with r = -0.249 for the right eye (p = 0.042) and = 0.281 for the left eye (p = 0.018). Conclusions: There was a correlation between the presence of a larger lambda angle and smaller axial lengths for both eyes. For the spherical hypermétrope equivalent, there was a correlation with the presence of a larger blunt angle only for the left eye. This work suggests parsimony in multifocal IOL implants in the presence of a significant lamella angle, based on the theory that the presence of this angle regulates the balance between corneal versus crystaline surface aberrations.

The axial length and anterior chamber depth in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the axial length and anterior chamber depth in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods Randomly selected 90 eyes of forty-five patients with BRVO were enrolled in this study.There were 25 males and 20 females.The mean age was (46.22± 13.45) years.All the patients were underwent examination of visual acuity,slit-lamp microscope,indiophthalmoscope,fundus color photography and fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA).Randomly selected 45 healthy individuals for control group,including 28 males and 17 females.The mean age was (48.24± 15.77) years.The axial lengths and anterior chamber depths of affected and fellow eyes of BRVO patients and the eyes of controls were measured using IOL Master.The data were compared by the two sample paired t test.Results The mean axial length of the affected eyes in the BRVO group was (22.69±0.99) mm,and that of the fellow eyes group was (22.78 ± 1.24) mm.The difference in axial length between the affected eyes and fellow eyes in the BRVO group was not significant (t=0.355,P＞0.05).The mean axial length of the right eyes in the control group was (23.38 ± 1.32) mm,and that of the left eyes in the control group was (23.37± 1.27) mm.The difference in axial length between the left eyes and right eyes in the control group was not significant (t=0.017,P＞0.05),while the difference in axial length between the affected eyes in the BRVO group and the right,left eyes in the control group was significant (t=-2.563,-2.663;P＜0.05).The mean anterior chamber depth of the affected eyes in the BRVO group was (2.66±0.26) mm,and that of the fellow eyes was (2.65 ±0.30) mrn.The difference in anterior chamber depth between the affected eyes and fellow eyes in the BRVO group was not significant (t=0.089,P＞ 0.05).The mean anterior chamber depth of the right eyes in the control group was (2.56 ± 0.29) mm,and that of the left eyes was (2.59 ± 0.30) mm.The difference in anterior chamber depth between the left eyes and right eyes in the control group was not significant (t=-0.592,P＞0.05).The difference in anterior chamber depth between the affected eyes in the BRVO group and the right,left eyes in the control group was not significant (t=1.779,1.778,P＞0.05).Conclusion In the affected eyes of BRVO,the axial length is shorter and anterior chamber depth is normal.

The comparison of immersion B-scan guided with respective sonic velocity and Lenstar LS900 onmeasurement of axial length in silicone oil-filled eyes / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the biometry using immersion B scan and partial coherence interferometry (Lenstar LS900) for the axial length (AL) of silicone oil-filled eyes respectively.Methods Thirty-five silicone oil-filled eyes (38 patients) were included in the study.All of these eyes underwent silicone oil removal,cataract extraction and intraocular lenses implantation.The AL of all the silicone oil-filled eyes was measured with A/B-scan ultrasound and Lenstar LS900 before operation and with Lenstar LS900 after operation.The measured distance was compared respectively.The method of immersion B-scan guided with respective sonic velocity.AL was the sum of corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,lens thickness,the apparent length of oil bubble (velocity values 996 m/s),the depth of the water layer beneath the oil bubble.Results Thirty-one eyes were measured with Lenstar LS900 before silicone oil removal,and the mean AL was (24.12± 1.70) mm,7 eyes failed to get the results before the operation;36 eyes were measured with Lenstar LS900 after silicone oil removal,and the mean AL was (24.45±1.89) mm.All eyes were measured with B-scan before silicone oil removal,and the mean AL was (24.87±2.52) mm.The difference (31 eyes) of AL measurement before silicone oil removal by two methods was (-0.00±0.09) mm;the difference (31 eyes) between pre-and post-surgical AL measurement with Lenstar LS900 was (0.02±0.07) mm;the difference (36 eyes) between pre-surgical AL measured with B-scan and post-surgical AL measured with Lenstar LS900 was (-0.02±0.11) mm.All the differences were not statistically significant (t=-0.205,1.752,-1.280;P＞ 0.05).The consistency of the results measured by two methods was well in Bland-Ahamn analysis.Conclusions Measurement results of AL between immersion B-scan guided with respective sonic velocity and Lenstar LS900 are high repeatability on silicone oil-filled eyes.The AL of silicone oil-filled eyes can be measured reliably by immersion B-scan guided with respective sonic velocity.

Congenital and developmental cataract: axial length and keratometry study in Brazilian children / Catarata congênita e do desenvolvimento: estudo do comprimento axial e da ceratometria em crianças brasileiras

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the ocular axial length (AL) and keratometry (K) in Brazilian children with congenital/developmental cataract, assess the differences and evolution of AL and K according to age, and establish functional models of AL and K as function of age. Methods: Children with congenital/developmental cataract aged 1.5 months old to 8 years old and no other ocular diseases were included. All eyes with unilateral cataract, the left eyes from children with bilateral cataracts, and healthy eyes from children with unilateral cataract were analyzed. After the administration of anesthesia, K was measured with a portable automatic keratometer, and AL was measured with a contact biometer. Cataract surgery was performed immediately after the measurements were taken. The data were statistically analyzed, and a linear regression with an age logarithm was used to model the relationship. Results: Forty-four eyes with cataract were included in this analysis, comprising 15 eyes with unilateral cataract and 29 left eyes from children with bilateral cataracts. The mean age was 27.3 months with a mean AL of 20.63 ± 2.11 mm and a mean K of 44.94 ± 2.44 D. The K value was significantly steeper and the AL value was significantly shorter in younger children (P< 0.001). No significant differences were found neither between eyes with unilateral and bilateral cataracts nor between eyes with unilateral cataract and their corresponding healthy eyes (P >0.05). Conclusion: The values of K and AL significantly change with age, especially during the first 6 months of life. A linear functional relationship between K and AL with the logarithm of age and between K and AL was established.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o comprimento axial (AL) e a ceratometria (K) de olhos de crianças brasileiras com catarata congênita/desenvolvimento, analisar diferenças e evoluções de acordo com a idade e estabelecer modelos funcionais de comprimento axial e ceratometria em função da idade e entre eles. Métodos: Crianças com catarata congênita/desenvolvimento com idade de 1,5 meses a 8 anos de idade e sem outras doenças oculares foram incluídas. Todos os olhos com catarata unilateral, o olho esquerdo de crianças com catarata bilateral e o olho sadio de crianças com catarata unilateral foram analisados. Após a administração de anestesia, a ceratometria foi obtida com um ceratômetro automático portátil e o comprimento axial medido com um biômetro de contato. Em seguida, a cirurgia de catarata foi realizada. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, a regressão linear com o logaritmo da idade foi utilizado para modelar os relacionamentos. Resultados: Todos os olhos com catarata unilateral (n=15) e um olho selecionados aleatoriamente a partir dos casos bilaterais (n=29) foram incluídos na análise (total= 44 olhos). A idade média foi de 27,3 meses, as médias do comprimento axial e da ceratometria foram respectivamente 20,63 ± 2,11 mm e 44,94 ± 2,44 dioptrias. A ceratometria foi significativamente mais curvo e comprimento axial significantemente mais curto em crianças mais jovens (P<0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na comparação entre os olhos com cataratas unilaterais e bilaterais e comparando os olhos com catarata unilateral a correspondentes olhos saudáveis (P>0,05). Conclusão: Os valores de ceratometria e comprimento axial mudam significativamente com a idade, principalmente nos primeiros seis meses de vida. Foi estabelecida uma relação funcional linear entre comprimento axial e ceratometria com o logaritmo da idade e entre ceratometria e comprimento axial.

The relationship of birth weight, gestational age, and postmenstrual age with ocular biometry parameters in premature infants / A relação entre o peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e idade pós-menstrual com a biometria ocular em bebês prematuros

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze ocular biometry parameters and evaluate their relationship with gestational age, birth weight, and postmenstrual age in prematurely born infants. Methods: The right eyes of 361 premature infants born before the 36th gestational week were evaluated. Birth weight, gestational week, and gender were recorded. An A-scan Biometer was used for obtaining axial measurements, including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length, and total axial length. Results: Gestational age and birth weight values ranged from 23 to 36 weeks and from 560 to 2,670 g, respectively. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 30.8 ± 2.8 weeks and 1,497.9 ± 483.6 g, respectively. During the first examination (4-5 weeks of postnatal age), birth weight and gestational age of the infants correlated significantly and positively with lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length (r>0.5, p<0.001), but not with anterior chamber depth (r<0.5). Increased vitreous and axial lengths correlated significantly with increasing postmenstrual age of the infants (r=0.669, p<0.001; r=0.845, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length, but not anterior chamber depth, were significantly correlated with birth weight and gestational age. All four parameters increased with increasing postmenstrual age, with higher correlations for vitreous and axial lengths than for anterior chamber depth and lens thickness. It was concluded that axial elongation resulted primarily from increasing posterior chamber length. .

RESUMO Objetivo: Medir os comprimentos axiais dos componentes oculares e avaliar a relação com a idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e idade pós-menstrual em crianças nascidas prematuramente. Método: O olho direito de 361 crianças prematuras, que nasceram com menos de 36 semanas de gestação, foram avaliados. O peso ao nascer, semanas de gestação e gênero foram registrados. Um biômetro A-scan foi utilizado para a obtenção das medidas axiais da profundidade da câmara anterior, espessura do cristalino, comprimento vítreo e comprimento axial total. Resultados: A idade gestacional e os valores de peso ao nascimento variaram de 23 a 36 semanas e de 560 a 2.670 g, respectivamente. A idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer foram 30,8 ± 2,8 semanas e 1.497,9 ± 483,6 g. Ao primeiro exame (4 a 5 semanas de idade pós-natal), o peso ao nascimento e a idade gestacional dos recém-nascidos apresentaram correlação positiva, estatisticamente significativa, com a espessura do cristalino, comprimento vítreo e comprimento axial total (r>0,5 p<0,001), mas não com a profundidade da câmara anterior (r<0,5). O alongamento de comprimento vítreo e do comprimento axial total se correlacionaram significativamente com o aumento da idade pós-menstrual dos lactentes (r=0,669; p<0,001 e r=0,845; p<0,001, respectivamente). Conclusões: A espessura do cristalino, o comprimento vítreo e o comprimento axial total, mas não profundidade da câmara anterior, foram significativamente correlacionados com o peso ao nascimento e com a idade gestacional. Todos os quatro componentes aumentaram com a idade pós-menstrual, apresentando correlações mais elevadas do comprimento vítreo e comprimento axial total do que da profundidade da câmara anterior e espessura do cristalino. Concluiu-se que o alongamento axial resultou principalmente do aumento do comprimento da câmara posterior. .

Choroidal thickness measurement in healthy pediatric population using Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography / Medida da espessura da coroide na população pediátrica saudável usando tomografia de coerência óptica Cirrus HD

Purpose: To investigate the association between central choroidal thickness (CT), axial length (AL), age, gender, and refractive error in a healthy pediatric population using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This institutional study involved 137 healthy children (57 boys, 80 girls) aged between 4 and 18 years. Each child underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and AL measurement using a Nidek AL-Scan optical biometer. The central foveal thickness (CFT) and CT were measured using Cirrus high definition (HD)-OCT. The right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. Results: The mean age of the children was 10.0 ± 4.7 years (range, 4-18 years). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.24 ± 1.24 diopters (D) (range, -2.00 D to +2.25 D). The mean AL was 23.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 20-27 mm). The mean central CT was 388.2 ± 50.0 μm and was not correlated with age, gender, AL, or refractive error. Conclusion: The data provide a pediatric normative database of CT using enhanced depth imaging OCT. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retino-choroidal diseases in children. .

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a espessura central da coroide e o comprimento axial (AL), idade, sexo e erros de refração em uma população pediátrica saudável por meio da tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT). Métodos: Estudo institucional envolvendo 137 crianças saudáveis (57 meninos, 80 meninas), com idades entre 4 e 18 anos. Cada criança foi submetida a um exame de fundo de olho, refração sob cicloplegia e medida do comprimento axial usando o biométrico óptico Nidek AL-Scan (Nidek CO, LTD.). A espessura foveal central (CFT) e espessura da coroide (CT) foram medidas utilizando o Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec). O olho direito de cada sujeito foi selecionado para análise. Resultados: A idade média das crianças foi de 10,0 ± 4,7 anos (variação, 4 a 18 anos). O equivalente esférico médio (SE) foi -0,24 ± 1,24 dioptrias (D) (variação de -2,00 D a +2,25 D). A média do comprimento axial foi de 23,1 ± 1,2 mm (variação, 20 a 27 mm). A espessura da coroide central média foi de 388,2 ± 50,0 mm e não se correlacionou com a idade, sexo, comprimento axial ou erro refrativo. Conclusão: Os resultados proporcionam uma base de dados pediátrica normativa da espessura da coroide usando tomografia de coerência óptica com profundidade de imagem aprimorada. Esta informação pode ser útil no diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doenças de retina e coroide em crianças. .

Ocular biometry and central corneal thickness in children: a hospital-based study / Biometria ocular e espessura corneana central em crianças: um estudo de base hospitalar

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, and central corneal thickness in children at different age groups. Methods: We studied 364 eyes in 182 children with ages between 1 and 12 years. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth were measured by ultrasound biometry. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry in all children. Results: The mean age was 6.54 ± 3.42 years. The axial length was 20.95 mm in 1-2 years old and 22.95 mm in 11-12 years old. The central corneal thickness was 556 µm in 1-2 years old and 555 µm in 11-12 years old. The mean anterior chamber depth and vitreous chamber depth increased with age (3.06 mm to 3.44 mm in anterior chamber depth, 13.75 mm to 15.99 mm in vitreous chamber depth), and the lens thickness decreased as age increased (3.67-3.51 mm). Conclusion: The axial length increased with age and reached adult levels by the age of 9-10 years. The lens thickness gradually decreased until 12 years. The central corneal thickness measurements did not yield a linear algorithm. .

Objetivo: Investigar a distribuição do comprimento axial, profundidade da câmara anterior, espessura do cristalino, profundidade da câmara vítrea e espessura corneal central em crianças em diferentes faixas etárias. Métodos: Foram estudados 364 olhos de 182 crianças entre 1 e 12 anos de idade. O comprimento axial, a profundidade da câmara anterior , a espessura do cristalino e a profundidade da câmara vítrea foram medidos por biometria ultrassônica. A espessura corneal central foi medida por paquimetria ultrassônica em todas as crianças. Resultados: A idade média foi de 6,54 ± 3,42 anos. O comprimento axial foi 20,95 mm no grupo de 1-2 anos de idade e 22,95 mm no grupo de 11-12 anos de idade. A espessura corneal central foi 556 µm no grupo de 1-2 anos de idade e 555 µm no grupo de 11-12 anos de idade. A profundidade da câmara anterior média e profundidade da câmara vítrea aumentou com a idade (3,06 mm a 3,44 mm de profundidade da câmara anterior, 13,75 mm a 15,99 mm de profundidade da câmara vítrea) e da espessura do cristalino diminuiu com o aumento da idade (3,67 mm a 3,51 mm). Conclusões: Em nosso estudo, os valores do comprimento axial aumentou com a idade e atingiu os níveis adultos aos 9-10 anos de idade. A espessura do cristalino diminuiu gradualmente até os 12 anos de idade. As medições de espessura corneal central não seguiu um algoritmo linear. .

Biometria no crescimento do olho alto míope na infância / Biometry in the growth of the high myopic eye in childhood

OBJETIVO: Determinar se o crescimento do globo ocular mensurado através da biometria óptica e ultrassônica em uma população pediátrica de altos míopes é significante, assim como variação significante da espessura do cristalino, profundidade da câmara anterior, curvatura corneana e achados fundoscópicos durante o acompanhamento. MÉTODOS: Uma população pediátrica (idade média: 8,7anos), 11 olhos de crianças portadoras de alta miopia (refração média inicial: -11,28D) foi submetida a avaliação seriada num período de nove meses incluindo-se biometria óptica (IOLMaster, Zeiss) e ultrassônica (Ultrascan, Alcon; técnica de contato), refratometria estática, oftalmoscopia indireta e retinografia. RESULTADOS: No período de nove meses, o crescimento do olho foi estatisticamente significante em 64% (7 olhos) e não ocorreu em 36% (3 olhos), com modificação do comprimento axial médio (pré=26,76 mm; final=26,98 mm). Neste período, o equivalente esférico refracional aumentou em 45% (5 olhos), não apresentou variação em 27% (3 olhos), com modificação da refração média (pré=-11,28 D; final=-11,69 D). Não houve variação estatisticamente significante da espessura do cristalino, profundidade da câmara anterior, curvatura corneana e do aspecto fundoscópico. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo de crianças com alta miopia acompanhadas num período de nove meses, demonstrou-se o crescimento do globo ocular com variação do comprimento axial tanto pela técnica de biometria óptica quanto ultrassônica, e com aumento da refratometria média. Outros parâmetros estudados como espessura do cristalino, profundidade da câmara anterior e curvatura da córnea não demonstraram variação no período de tempo do estudo.

PURPOSE: To determine if the growth of the axial length measured by optical and ultrasound biometry in a pediatric population of high myopes is significant, as well as significant variation of lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and ophthalmoscopic findings during follow-up. METHODS: A pediatric population (mean age: 8.7 years old) of 11 high myopic eyes (mean initial refractive error: -11.28 D) was submitted to serial evaluation over a 9-months period including optical (IOLMaster, Zeiss) and ultrasound biometry (Ultrascan, Alcon, contact technique), cycloplegic refraction, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. RESULTS: During a 9-months period, eye growth was significant in 64% (7 eyes) and did not occur in 36% (3 eyes), with change in the mean axial length (pre=26.76 mm; final=26.98 mm). During this period, refractive spherical equivalent increased in 45% (5 eyes), did not show variation in 27% (3 eyes), with a change in mean refraction (pre=-11.28 D; final=-11.69 D). There was no statistically significant variation of lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and ophthalmoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: Ocular globe growth (axial length) measured by optic and ultrasound biometry was significant in the high myopic pediatric population examined. The findings suggest that axial length variation preceded variation of other structures in the sample examined. In a group of children with high myopia followed during a 9-months period, ocular growth was demonstrated with variation of axial length either with optical or ultrasound biometry techniques, and change in mean refraction. Other parameters studied as lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature did not demonstrate variation during the time of the study.

Refractive results of cataract surgery using optical biometry and Haigis formula in eyes with refractive keratotomy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze refractive results in postoperative cataract surgery in eyes previously submitted to keratotomy using Haigis formula and data provided by IOL Master®optical biometer. METHODS: The measurements for IOL calculation were obtained through optical biometry by partial coherence interferometry (IOL Master®- Zeiss, 5.4 and 5.5 version) that provides us with the axial length, the central keratometry of 2.5mm, white-to-white diameter and anterior chamber anatomical depth. The formula chosen was Haigis. The surgical technique applied was with the scleral incision at 1.5 mm from the limbus, with scleral-corneal tunnel of 2.2 mm wide, phacoemulsification using INFINITI Ozil®- Alcon and implantation of hydrophobic acrylic aspheric intraocular lens - SN60WF®- Alcon. RESULTS: We studied 20 eyes submitted to keratotomy in the past and currently with cataract with indication for cataract surgerywith intraocular lens implantation using phacoemulsification. Postoperative spherical equivalent was plano in 40% of the eyes and lower than -1.00 in 85% of the eyes. CONCLUSION: The optical biometry by partial coherence interferometry associated with Haigis formula is a valid alternative in IOL calculation for eyes submitted to keratotomy. The refractive results are highly predictable and reproducible.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados refracionais no pós-operatório de cirurgia de catarata em olhos previamente submetidos à ceratotomia, utilizando a fórmula Haigis e os dados fornecidos pelo biômetro óptico IOL Master®. MÉTODOS: As medidas para o cálculo da LIO foram obtidas por meio da biometria óptica por interferometria de coerência parcial (IOL Master® - Zeiss, versão 5.4 e 5.5) que nos fornece o comprimento axial, a ceratometria central de 2.5mm, o diâmetro branco-a-branco e a profundidade anatômica da câmara anterior. A fórmula escolhida foi a Haigis. A técnica cirúrgica aplicada foi com incisão escleral a 1.5mm do limbo, com túnel esclero-corneal de 2.2mm de largura, facoemulsificação com equipamento INFINITI Ozil® - Alcon e implante de lente intraocular acrílica hidrofóbica asférica - SN60WF® - Alcon. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 20 olhos submetidos à ceratotomia no passado e atualmente portadores de catarata com indicação de facectomia com implante de lente intraocular por meio da facoemulsificação. O equivalente esférico pós-operatório foi plano em 40% dos olhos e menor que -1.00 em 85% dos olhos. CONCLUSÃO: A biometria óptica por interferometria de coerência parcial associada à fórmula Haigis se apresenta como uma alternativa válida no cálculo da LIO em olhos submetidos à ceratotomia. Os resultados refrativos são altamente previsíveis e reproduzíveis.

Comparison of axial length measurement by Lenstar and contact A-scan in patients with idiopathic macular hole / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To compare the axial length (AL) measured by Lenstar and contact A-Scan in the patients with idiopathic macular hole and study the correlation between the difference of the two measurements and the foveal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods Twenty-seven eyes of 26 idiopathic macular hole patients (IMH group) and 27 eyes of 25 patients with mild cataract (control group) were enrolled in this study.Foveal thickness was measured with 3D OCT.The AL was measured by Lenstar and contact A-Scan,and the consistency of the two measurements was determined by Bland Altman analysis.The correlation between the difference of the two measurements and foveal thickness was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Mean foveal thickness of IMH and control eyes were (372.85±60.02) μm and (243.44±22.50) μm,respectively.The difference between the foveal thickness of the two groups was highly significant (t=-10.490,P＜0.001).In the IMH group,the AL measured by Lenstar and contact A-Scan were (23.20± 1.12) mm and (23.18± 1.13) mm,respectively,the difference between the two measurements was not statistically significant (t =-0.549,P =0.588),whereas in the control group,the AL was (23.41 ± 0.72) mm by Lenstar and (23.33 ± 0.74) mm by contact A-Scan,the two measurements were significantly different (t=-4.832,P＜0.001).However,no correlation was found by Pearson correlation analysis between the difference of the two measurements and the foveal thickness in either IMH or control group (r=0.181,-0.141; P＞0.05).Conclusions Although there is no difference of axial length measurements using Lenstar and contact A-Scan in IMH eyes,in clinical measurements the results of two instruments should be taken into comprehensive consideration.