ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the culture supernatant of the olfactory ensheathing cells is capable of promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but there is a lack of research in the field of peripheral nerve. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant is beneficial for nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Olfactory ensheathing cells were isolated and purified, to prepare the supernatant. The olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant was applied to the dorsal root ganglion tissue block in vitro to observe the axon growth of the dorsal root ganglion. The olfactory ensheathing cell culture supernatant was applied to a rat sciatic nerve defect model in vivo to examine its effect on axonal regeneration and myelinization of the injured nerve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purity of olfactory ensheathing cells was (94.4±3.1)%. Compared with the blank control and low dose olfactory ensheathing cell culture groups, the average length of five longest axons in dorsal root ganglion tissue mass in the high dose olfactory ensheathing cells culture group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the regenerated nerve penetrated through the defect area and the regenerated nerve was arranged orderly in the olfactory ensheathing cell culture and the autologous nerve groups, which was significantly superior to that in the blank control group. Transmission electron microscope observed that the number of regenerated nerve axons and the thickness of myelin sheath in the olfactory ensheathing cell culture group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the supernatant of the olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and the myelination of the regenerated axons, which provides a new olfactory ensheathing cells-based acellular therapy for peripheral nerve injury.
ABSTRACT
Epilepsy affects 1 and 2 percent of the worldwide population, while temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) covers 40 percent of all epilepsy cases. Controversy in defining epilepsy as a neurodegenerative disease exists because, no there is enough evidence to show seizures and status epilepticus (SE) as cause for irreversible neuronal damage. Epileptogenic insult at the beginning of the disease produces an acute and delayed neuronal death, resulting in gliosis, but also triggers compensatory processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation and reorganization of extracellular matrix as receptors, channels and drug transporter proteins. In neurogenesis and axonal regrowth, the age of onset is crucial for the formation of abnormal neurons and aberrant circuits as a result of seizures; approximately 30 percent begin in the temporal lobe. These disturbances continue in parallel or sequentially during the course of epilepsy, which implies a great challenge in the search of new treatments...
La epilepsia es una enfermedad que afecta entre el 1 al 2 por ciento de la población mundial, siendo la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (ELT) la que abarca el 40 por ciento de todos los casos de epilepsia. La controversia en definir a la epilepsia como una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, se debe a que no hay pruebas suficientes que demuestren como las convulsiones y el estado de mal epiléptico (SE) provocan un daño neuronal irreversible. El insulto epileptógenico presente al inicio de la enfermedad genera la muerte neuronal aguda y tardía, para dar lugar a la gliosis; pero también se desencadenan procesos compensatorios como la angiogénesis, la proliferación celular y una reorganización tanto de la matriz extracelular como de los receptores, canales y proteínas transportadoras de fármacos. En el caso de la neurogénesis y recrecimiento axonal, la edad de inicio es determinante para la formación de neuronas anormales y circuitos aberrantes como consecuencia de las convulsiones, dónde aproximadamente un 30 por ciento comienzan en el lóbulo temporal. Estas alteraciones se continúan en paralelo o de forma secuencia! durante la evolución de la epilepsia, lo que implica un gran desafío en la búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos...