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1.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 10(4): 372-383, jul.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377030

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los objetivos de la presente investigación son describir las conductas alimentarias, así como comparar la búsqueda de sensaciones en diferentes niveles de riesgo alimentario. Se midieron las conductas alimentarias de riesgo y la búsqueda de sensaciones. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de tipo intencional de 1012 jóvenes, de entre 14 y 22 años de edad (M = 16.7). Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres se preocupan más por su peso, vomitan, ayunan, hacen dieta y usan pastillas para perder peso, en comparación con los hombres, quienes practican más atracones y tienen una mayor falta de control al comer que las mujeres. Además, quienes presentan alto riesgo alimentario tienen mayores niveles de búsqueda de sensaciones. La discusión analiza la utilidad de lo encontrado para prevenir los problemas alimentarios en los jóvenes, así como identificar a la búsqueda de sensaciones como un factor de riesgo del comportamiento alimentario dentro de los programas de nutrición y salud.


Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the risk behavior eating and analyze differencces in sensatión seeking into risk disorder eating. A questionnaire was used that included risk eating behaviors and sensation seeking inventory. A sample was use formed by 1012 youths between 14 and 22 (mean 16.7) years old, in México City. The results revealed that the woman concern about weight, vomit, fast, make restrictive dieting and use pills for weight reduce, a difference of the man, this make binge eating, lose self- control for eating, more than the woman. The youths male and female with high nutritional risk have higher levels in sensations seeking. The discussion analyzes the utility for prevent eating disorders in youths and identify the sensation seeking as a risk factor for eating behavior within the nutrition and health programs.

2.
CienciaUAT ; 15(1): 99-116, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149208

ABSTRACT

Resumen La infidelidad marital es relativamente frecuente a pesar de sus consecuencias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un modelo predictivo de la conducta sexual infiel en personas casadas, mediante el análisis de siete variables que participan en el fenómeno de la infidelidad. Se colectó una muestra de 790 personas casadas (53.4 % mujeres y 47.6 % hombres) por rutas al azar en Monterrey, México. Se aplicó la Escala de Valoración de la Relación, Índice de Satisfacción Sexual, Escala de Actitud hacia la Exclusividad Marital, Escalas de Conducta Infiel, Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales y Escala de Engrandecimiento Marital. Se especificó el modelo con 2 variables exógenas correlacionadas (búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y engrandecimiento marital) y 5 variables endógenas (actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital, satisfacción sexual, deseo de infidelidad sexual y conducta de infidelidad sexual). De cada 100 participantes, 6 estaban insatisfechos con su matrimonio, 13 con las relaciones sexuales con su pareja y 20 veían más defectos que virtudes en sus parejas. Además, 83 informaron no incurrir en conductas de infidelidad sexual, 60 indicaron total rechazo hacia la propia infidelidad, 72 no mostraron deseo de infidelidad sexual y 51 reportaron no buscar de sensaciones sexuales. El modelo mostró un efecto grande sobre la conducta de infidelidad sexual, explicando 70.8 % de su varianza, y tuvo un buen ajuste: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03 y SRMR = 0.01. Se concluye que la variable más crítica es el deseo de infidelidad sexual, cuyo determinante más importante es la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. La correlación negativa entre esta última variable y engrandecimiento marital indica que estas 2 variables se pueden modular una a la otra. A su vez, el modelo remarca aspectos de insatisfacción marital y sexual.


Abstract Marital infidelity is relatively frequent despite its consequences. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model of sexual infidelity behavior among married persons, through the analysis of seven variables related to the infidelity construct. A sample of 790 married persons (53.4 % women and 47.6 % men) was collected in Monterrey, Mexico using random route sampling. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Sexual Satisfaction Index, Attitude toward Marital Exclusivity Scale, Unfaithful Behavior Scales, Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, and Marital Aggrandizement Scale were applied. A model with 2 correlated exogenous variables (sexual sensation seeking and marital aggrandizement) and 5 endogenous variables (attitude towards infidelity, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, desire for sexual infidelity, and sexual infidelity behavior) was specified. Six out of 100 participants were dissatisfied with their marriage and 13 with sexual relations with their partner and 20 saw more defects than virtues in their partners. In addition, 83 informed not engaging in sexual infidelity behaviors, 60 indicated total rejection towards own sexual infidelity, 72 showed no desire for sexual infidelity and 51 reported not seeking sexual sensations. The model showed a large effect on the sexual infidelity behavior, explaining 70.8 % of its variance, and had a close fit: χ 2 (7) = 11.93, P-value = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.01. It is concluded that the most critical variable in the model is the desire for sexual infidelity, whose most important determinant was the sexual sensation seeking. The negative correlation between this last variable and marital aggrandizement indicates that these 2 variables can be modulated one to the other. Furthermore, the model highlights aspects of marital and sexual dissatisfaction.

3.
Rev. Costarric. psicol ; 39(1)jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INDEXPSI, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1387235

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se ha propuesto que la actitud de rechazo hacia la infidelidad actúa como factor protector de sexo extradiádico, el cual puede tener efectos negativos para la estabilidad de la pareja. La escala de actitud hacia exclusividad marital (ATMES, por sus siglas en inglés: Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale) es un instrumento breve. Se usa en la investigación para medir actitud hacia la infidelidad a la pareja, pero no está validado en México. Este artículo tiene como objetivos validar la ATMES y contrastar un modelo para predecir infidelidad sexual. Se usó un muestreo de rutas al azar. A 727 personas casadas mexicanas (52.8% mujeres y 47.2% hombres) se les aplicó cuatro instrumentos de medida. La consistencia interna de la ATMES fue excelente, su distribución mostró asimetría positiva y se validó el modelo de un factor. Un modelo en el que el deseo de infidelidad sexual predice la infidelidad sexual, el deseo de infidelidad sexual es predicho por actitud hacia la infidelidad, satisfacción marital y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y estas dos últimas variables correlacionadas predicen actitud hacia la infidelidad, tuvo buen ajuste a los datos. Se concluye que la ATMES es una medida unidimensional, consistente y presenta evidencias de validez de constructo.


Abstract: It has been proposed that an attitude of rejection toward infidelity acts as a protective factor from extradyadic sex, which can have negative effects for the stability of the couple. The Attitude Toward Marital Exclusivity Scale (ATMES) is a brief instrument, used in research, but it is not validated in Mexico. The objectives of this article were to validate the ATMES, and to contrast a model to predict sexual infidelity. A random-route sampling was used. A questionnaire composed of four scales was administered to 727 Mexican married persons (52.8% women and 47.2% men). The internal consistency of ATMES was excellent, the distribution of ATMES scores showed positive asymmetry, and the one-factor model was validated. A model, in which the desire for sexual infidelity predicts sexual infidelity, the desire for sexual infidelity is predicted by attitude toward infidelity, marital satisfaction and sexual sensation seeking and these last two correlated variables predict attitude toward infidelity, had a good fit to the data, and was valid for both sexes. It is concluded that ATMES is a consistent, one-dimensional measure, that shows evidence of construct validity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Betrayal , Interpersonal Relations , Attitude , Mexico
4.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 52: 176-183, June 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1180945

ABSTRACT

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV/AIDS, are acquired through risky sexual behaviors that have been associated with sexual sensation seeking. The purpose of this work is development a new scale for the assessment of sexual sensations seeking, with evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationship to other measures, for use in young people and adults in a Latin American context. An instrumental study was performed, with time-space sampling of students from the two Chilean cities with the highest rates of HIV. Final scale has 9 items to evaluate two dimensions: (1) sexual emotions seeking and (2) tendency to sexual boredom. The identified structure provides good levels of reliability and presents validity evidence, based on the internal structure of the test, using CFA and ESEM. Two-dimensional sexual sensation seeking scale evidence proper psychometric properties to evaluate the seeking for sexual sensations in equivalents samples.


Resumen Resumen Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), principalmente el VIH/SIDA, son adquiridas a través de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que se han asociado con la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar un nuevo instrumento de medida para evaluar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en jóvenes y adultos en Latinoamérica. Se realizó un estudio instrumental, con un muestreo espaciotemporal en estudiantes de las dos ciudades chilenas con mayores índices de VIH. La escala final contiene 9 ítems para evaluar dos dimensiones: (1) búsqueda de emociones sexuales y (2) tendencia al aburrimiento sexual. La estructura identificada proporciona niveles adecuados de confiabilidad y presenta evidencia de validez, basada en la estructura interna del test, utilizando AFC y ESEM. La Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales evidencia propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para eva luar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en muestras equivalentes.


Subject(s)
Sensation , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Emotions
5.
Rev. iberoam. psicol. (En línea) ; 13(3): 127-137, 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1224681

ABSTRACT

El rasgo de Búsqueda de Sensaciones (BS) se puede entender como la necesidad de sensaciones y experiencias nuevas, variadas y complejas, y el deseo de arriesgarse con el fin de obtenerlas. Este rasgo se asocia con un mayor riesgo de realizar conductas peligrosas y con diferentes trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, en México no se conoce el comportamiento de la escala más utilizada para evaluar la BS cuando se utiliza en adolescentes. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Búsqueda de Sensaciones ­ Forma V (Sensation Seeking Scale ­ Form V), analizando su consistencia interna, su validez convergente y fiabilidad considerando la naturaleza dicotómica de los datos. Participaron 334 estudiantes de secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 15 años tanto mujeres (n=171) como hombres (n = 163). En los resultados se identificaron 20 ítems que se distribuían en tres factores mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio que se calculó con la mitad de la muestra. Esta estructura mostró un ajuste adecuado en el análisis confirmatorio que se realizó con la otra parte de la muestra (χ2 = 213.78, gl = 167, p < 0.05, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.04). Se calcularon los índices de fiabilidad (KR = 0.78, Omega = 0.94), se encontraron correlaciones con la escala de impulsividad (r = .39), la escala de uso de sustancias (r =.31 ) y con depresión (r = .26 ). Tanto en la escala total como en los factores se observaron mayores puntuaciones en hombres que en mujeres


The Sensation Seeking (SS) trait is conceived as the need for new, varied and complex sensations and experiences, and the desire to take risks in order to experience them. The trait is associated with a higher risk of dangerous behaviors and with different mental disorders. However, in Mexico, the performance of the scale most used to assess BS when used in adolescents is not known. For this reason, the objective of this research is to study the psychometric properties of the Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V (Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V), its internal consistency, its convergent validity and reliability considering the dichotomous nature of the data. 334 high school students participated, aged between 12 and 15 years, both women (n = 171) and men (n = 163). Results: 20 items were identified that were distributed in three factors through an exploratory factor analysis that was calculated with half of the sample This structure showed an adequate fit in the confirmatory analysis that was carried out with the other part of the sample


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics , Mental Disorders , Research , Sensation , Behavior , Risk , Depression , Mexico
6.
Interdisciplinaria ; 36(1): 43-58, jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056518

ABSTRACT

Ante la complejidad conceptual del constructo impulsividad, autores como Whiteside y Lynam (2001) han sugerido que cuando se habla de impulsividad se refiere, a por lo menos, tres o cuatro fenómenos diferentes. Recientemente se ha propuesto un instrumento, adaptado en nuestro medio, para medir simultáneamente tres subtipos de impulsividad basados en esta teoría: el Cuestionario de Urgencia, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad (CUBI, 2017). El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo superador lograr su versión abreviada. La muestra estuvo formada por 675 participantes de la población general de la Capital Federal de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y se previó que no fueran psicólogos ni estudiantes de psicología para evitar variables contaminadoras sobre las respuestas del instrumento. El CUBI-18 se constituyó a partir del análisis de contenido de los 47 ítems originales. Para ello, hubo una selección de 6 ítems por cada escala, de acuerdo a la validez de contenido de los tres subtipos de impulsividad. Se alcanzó un índice kappa del 80% entre dos jueces evaluadores y se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio para reducir los 18 ítems. Para estimar la consistencia interna de los factores obtenidos se aplicó el coeficiente omega. Fue posible reducir los datos extraídos con los 18 ítems en tres grandes dimensiones que se corresponden con los conceptos de Urgencia Compulsiva, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad por Imprevisión. Se prueba que las propiedades psicométricas del CUBI-18 mantienen las alcanzadas por el CUBI original. Esto permite contar con una prueba más breve e igualmente efectiva para la exploración de este constructo complejo.


Given the conceptual complexity of the impulsivity construct, authors such as Whiteside and Lynam (2001) have proposed that, when one speaks of this term, it is referring to at least three or four different phenomena. Based on the theory of the five major personality factors (Costa, & McCrae, 2000) Whiteside and Lynam propose that four subtypes of impulsivity can be drawn from the personological dimensions Neuroticism, Extravertion and Consciousness of the Big five model. These are Urgency, facet of Neuroticism; Sensation Seeking trait of Extroversion; Lack of Planning and Lack of Persistence as part of the Consciousness dimension. An instrument has recently been proposed, adapted to the Argentine population of the Buenos Aires city, to simultaneously measure three subtypes of impulsivity based on this theoretical paradigm. The Questionnaire of Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity (CUBI, 2017). The CUBI does not include the Lack of Persistence of the original model because it is not considered a subtype of impulsivity But if a characteristic associated with Improvidence Impulsivity. The CUBI measures Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. The Urgency scale is related to the commission of compulsive behaviors, whose objective is to alleviate the discomfort caused by emotional stress. The Urgency is a measure of the inability to regulate one's impulses. On the other hand, the items of Sensation Seeking indicate the predisposition of the individuals to the behavioral approach before the signals of rewards and novel stimuli. It is also a measure of intolerance to monotony. Finally, Impulsivity for lack of Planning is a scale that indicates the tendency to act fast, without foreseeing the consequences of the acts themselves. It characterizes individuals who do not use all the information they have available before making decisions. The objective of the present work is to obtain an abbreviated version of CUBI maintaining the content validity of the three types of scale. The sample was constituted by 675 participants of the general population of the Federal Capital of Buenos Aires city of Argentina (57% women). The mean age was 33.5 years (SD = 15.7), with ages ranging from 18 to 81 years. Participants were recruited according to inclusion criteria: they should not be psychologists or students of psychology, they should not be taking psychiatric mediation, nor find themselves being treated for a psychopathological disorder. The CUBI-18 was constituted from content analysis of the 47 original items. Six items were selected for each scale, according to the content validity of the three subtypes of impulsivity. A kappa index of 80% is reached between two judges. The result is a version of 18 items adjusted to the theoretical content. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to reduce the 18 items. Items weighing less than .30 were eliminated following the criteria of Hair, Anderson, Tatham, & Black (1998). All three factors accounted for 53.4% of the instrument's total variance. When comparing the subsamples of men and women emerged the same factor structure without the need to eliminate any item. To estimate the internal consistency of the factors obtained, the omega coefficient was applied. It was possible to reduce the data extracted with the 18items in three large dimensions that correspond to the concepts of Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. It is proved that the psychometric properties of CUBI-18 maintain those reached by the original CUBI. This allows for a shorter and equally effective test for the exploration of this complex construct.

7.
Salud ment ; 37(2): 145-152, mar.-abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-721344

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Analizar la relación existente entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y práctica deportiva en adolescentes. Metodología Los participantes de este estudio han sido 272 escolares de educación secundaria (edad= 14.14±1.35 años), 130 niños y 142 niñas, 93 alumnos del primer ciclo y 179 del segundo ciclo. Se empleó la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones (EBS-J) de Pérez et al. (1987) y para el análisis de los hábitos de vida se utilizó una adaptación del Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998). Resultados El 76% de los niños y el 75.4% de las niñas se declaran bebedores de alcohol (p=0.906); el 36.2% de los niños y el 42.3% de las niñas fuman (p=0.304); y el 92.3% de los niños por el 57.7% de las niñas (p<0.001) son deportistas, práctica que se reduce con la edad (p=0.009). La edad es un factor de riesgo de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol; por el contrario, el sexo no es un factor predictivo de estos consumos. La búsqueda de excitación y desinhibición son factores moderadamente predictivos del consumo de tabaco y la desinhibición igualmente en el consumo de alcohol. Ninguna dimensión de la EBS-J mostró capacidad predictiva de la conducta sedentaria. Conclusiones La BS es un factor de personalidad relacionado con el consumo temprano de sustancias como el alcohol y el tabaco, revelándose algunos de sus rasgos como factores predictivos del consumo de estas sustancias en adolescentes.


Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sensation seeking activity, consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco, and sport practice in teenagers. Methodology In this study, there were 272 participants, all currently attending high school (age=14.14±1.35 years): 130 boys and 142 girls; 93 first year students and 179 second year students. The Sensation Seeking Scale (EBS-J) of Pérez et al. (1987) was used as well as an adaptation of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998), which analyzed lifestyle. Results 76% of the boys and 75.4% of the girls are reported to have consumed alcoholic beverages (p=0.906); 36.2% of the boys and 42.3% of the girls are reported to have consumed tobacco (p=0.304); and 92.3% of the boys and 57.7% of the girls (p<0.001) are reported to have been athletes, a practice which is reduced with age (p=0.009). Age is a risk factor for tobacco and alcohol consumption; however, sex is not indicative of this consumption. Sensation seeking leads to the consumption of alcohol and tobacco because it creates a necessity for excitement and inhibition. No dimension of the EBS-J scale predicted a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions BS is a personality factor related to the early consumption of substances such as alcohol and tobacco and whose traits were revealed as good indicators of the propensity in teenagers to consume these substances.

8.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 16(1): 79-90, abr. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717671

ABSTRACT

O traço de personalidade procura de sensações está associado a comportamentos de risco na condução, com implicações na vida em sociedade. Este estudo teve como objectivo verificar se o sexo diferencia o traço procura de sensações e a propensão para comportamentos de risco na condução. Foram avaliados 140 motoristas (70 homens, 70 mulheres), com idades entre 25 e 55 anos. Como instrumentos, utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico e as escalas SSS-V e DBQ. Verificou-se que os motoristas masculinos cometem mais infrações e apresentam escores mais elevados na procura de emoção e aventura (TAS), enquanto as mulheres apresentam maior propensão para a busca de experiências (ES) e uma correlação mais forte entre o traço procura de sensações e o cometimento de lapsos e infrações de trânsito. O sexo diferencia o traço procura de sensações e a sua associação aos comportamentos de risco na condução, devendo ser considerado na formação de futuros motoristas.


The sensation seeking personality trait is associated with some risky driving behaviours, which has consequences in society. The aim of this study was to verify whether sex differentiates the sensation-seeking trait and the propensity for risky driving behaviours. 140 drivers were evaluated (70 men, 70 women), aged between 25 and 55 years. The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire and scales SSS-V and DBQ. It was found that male drivers commit more violations and have higher scores in thrill and adventure seeking (TAS), while women are more prone to seek experiences (ES) and a stronger correlation between the trait of sensation seeking and the commitment of lapses and traffic violations. Results suggested that sex differentiates sensationseeking trait and its association to risky driving behaviours, what should be considered in the training of new drivers.


El rasgo de personalidad de búsqueda de sensaciones se asocia con comportamientos de riesgo en la conducción, teniendo implicaciones por la vida en la sociedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si el sexo es diferente en el rasgo búsqueda de sensaciones y en la propensión a las conductas de riesgo en el tráfico. Se evaluaron 140 conductores (70 hombres, 70 mujeres), de entre 25 y 55 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario demográfico y escalas SSS-V y DBQ. Los hombres conductores cometen más infracciones d e tráfico y tienen puntuaciones más altas en búsqueda de emoción y aventura (TAS), mientras que las mujeres tienen una mayor propensión para buscar experiencias (ES) y tienen una fuerte correlación entre el rasgo de búsqueda de sensaciones y la tendencia para los lapsos y las violaciones de tráfico. La diferencia de sexo en el rasgo búsqueda de sensaciones y su asociación con conductas de riesgo en el tráfico, debería tenerse en cuenta en la formación de los futuros conductores.

9.
Rev. Kairós ; 16(16,n.esp): 171-204, ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768720

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo busca reflejar el trabajo de investigación y los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de entrevistas sobre emociones percibidas realizadas a mujeres y varones cuyas edades oscilan entre los 80 y 90 años, residentes de las ciudades de Mar del Plata y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Para ello analizamos el material obtenido de un grupo etario a través de cuatro dimensiones integradas: selección, control cognitivo, simulación y búsqueda de sensaciones. Esto permitió analizar el discurso de las personas entrevistadas con mayor profundidad y obtener un conocimiento más amplio de su realidad emocional.Palabras clave: Emociones percibidas; Adultos mayores; Selección; Control cognitivo;Simulación; Búsqueda de sensaciones.


This paper seeks to reflect the research and the results obtained from the analysis of perceived emotions interviews conducted with women and men aged between 80 and 90 years, residents of the cities of Mar del Plata and Buenos Aires. We analyzed the material obtained from an age group through four integrated dimensions: selection, cognitive control, simulation and sensation seeking. This allowed analyzing the speech of the people interviewed in more depth and get a broader understanding of their emotional reality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged , Cognition , Emotions
10.
Rev. Kairós ; 16(16,n.esp): 77-96, ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768724

ABSTRACT

La Búsqueda de sensaciones representa la búsqueda de estímulos que evocan altos niveles de activación. Se refiere a un comportamiento proactivo dirigido a adquirir altos niveles de estimulación externa. La Búsqueda de Sensaciones como campo de estudio ha sido explorada casi exclusivamente en personas jóvenes. En el caso de los adultos mayores los estudios realizados son escasos y se vinculan fundamentalmente con la vivencia de ciertas sensaciones negativas -como la soledad y la muerte- y no como una búsqueda de estímulos que evoquen estados positivos. Por este motivo este trabajo tiene como propósito explorar la búsqueda de sensaciones a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se analizaron tres ejes que exploraron la búsqueda de sensaciones, la tipología de sensaciones buscadas, y si estas se modificaron o no con el paso del tiempo. Los resultados muestran que la búsqueda de sensaciones en tanto comportamiento tendiente a adquirir niveles altos de excitación, disminuye con el paso del tiempo, sin embargo a partir de los relatos se puso en evidencia que los sujetos a medida que envejecen no buscan sensaciones nuevas sino que disfrutan de aquellas conocidas. Estos hallazgos suman nueva evidencia acerca de los aspectos positivos en la vejez y efectúan aportes para el desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos de intervención.


The Sensation seeking represents the search of stimuli that evoke high levels of activation. It refers to a proactive behavior directed to acquire high levels of external stimulation. The sensation seeking like field of study has been explored almost exclusively in young persons. In the case of older adults, studies are scarce and mainly relate to the experience of certain negative feelings , such as loneliness and death , and not as a search for stimuli that evoke positive states. For this motive this work has the intention of explore the sensation seeking along the vital cycle. There were analyzed three axes that explored the search sensation seeking, the typology of the sought sensations, the modified or not over time. The results show on that the sensation seeking as a behavior tending to acquire high levels of excitation, diminishes with the passage of time, nevertheless the statements put in evidence that the subjects as they age do not look for new sensations but they enjoy those known. These findings add new evidence it brings over of the positive aspects in the oldness and they effect contributions for the development of new devices of intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aging , Life Cycle Stages , Sensation
11.
Salud ment ; 34(3): 227-235, may.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-680604

ABSTRACT

Introduction Although the characteristics of the adolescent stage favor the emergence of disruptive behaviors, not all adolescents engage in them in equal degree. For the majority of adolescents, the problematic behaviors are limited to an experimentation period and are temporary. However, for some individuals, the first contacts with the disruptive behavior progress to more severe antisocial behavior patterns. The progression of the dissocial behavior from the childhood to the adolescence seems related to a difficult temperament, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, improper relationships with peers, precocious sexuality, poor parent-adolescent communication, arrests by delinquency and repetition. Traditionally, the dissocial behavior has been associated with low socioeconomic status, lack of public services, unemployment, marginalization and schools with unsuitable educational programs. However, current conceptualizations view this problem as much more complex. In communities that have covered the basic needs, even in those that possess a good quality of life, we can find children and adolescents with dissocial behavior that thereinafter become adults with antisocial personality. Therefore, during the last decades, research has displaced its attention from the structural variables to community (lack of attachment with the vicinity, social mobility, and population density), family (bonding, communication, supervision) and personal processes, favoring a biopsychosocial perspective to this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a predictive model of dissocial behavior (as defined by the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale, ECODI27) based on the following predictor variables: a) Parent communication (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empathy (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Assertiveness (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V, SSS-V) and e) Risk socialization (Social Relationship Questionnaire, SRQ, created for this study) controlling for the impression management effect (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding-version 6, BIDR-6). Method A probability sample of adolescents, 14 to 17 years of age, living in two neighborhoods with high indexes of gangs and offenses was collected. Males were 112 and women 86, without statistical difference of frequencies (X² [1, N=196]=3.41, p=.06). All participants resided in San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Pearson's product-moment correlation, partial correlation and stepwise linear regression were used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference in dissocial behavior cases between male and female adolescents (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.00), with Yates' correction: (X² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). The percentage of cases is 18% in women and 45% in men. The total score of the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale (ECODI27) presented significant correlation with social desirability (.47 in men and .44 in women) and its factor of impression management (.53 in men and .47 in women). The self-deception factor was independent in men (r=.18, p=.06), but not in women (r=.26, p=.02). Higher dissocial behavior features were associated with lower scores on social desirability and its factors. The effect of the impression management factor had to be controlled for its statistical significance in men and women. Of the 18 variables of the social relationships questionnaire (SRQ) by the point-biserial correlation coefficient (dichotomic variables) and Pearson's product-moment correlation (ordinal and numerical variables), only four were significantly correlated to the ECODI27 total score: to belong (1) or not (2) to a gang outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb,= .45, p<.01) and in the school (n=133, r pb,= .35, p<.01), to have 1) or not 2) a friend group outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.20, p=.01), as well as to have 1) or not 2) a girlfriend or boyfriend in the school (n=131, r pb=.26, p=.02) and outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.18, p=.01). These correlations were positive, that is to say, acted as risk factors (lower score on ECODI27, more dissocial behavior). The variable of risk socialization was created with the sum of these five variables, giving more weight to the two variables of gangs by their higher correlations, so they are multiplied by two. The created variable has a range of 0 (not risk) to 7 (high risk). Of the 20 variables contemplated, nine presented significant correlation with dissocial behavior in men, after partializing the effect of the impression management: sensation seeking and its four factors (disinhibition, excitement seeking, emotion seeking and boredom susceptibility), risk socialization, total and open communication with the father and perspective taking. In women there were also nine significant variables: risk socialization, sensation seeking and its factors of disinhibition, boredom susceptibility and excitement seeking, total and open communication with the mother, total communication with the father and school grade. The regression models by sexes were calculated with the nine variables whose correlations with the ECODI27 total score resulted significant after partializing impression management. In men the calculation process ended in the fifth step. The model explained 49% of the variance of the ECODI27 total score and was significant (F [5, 106]=21.99, p<.01). Five variables integrated the model: disinhibition (β = -.32), risk socialization (β = -.28), open communication with the father (β = .27), excitement seeking (β = -.20) and perspective taking (β = .16). In women the calculation process ended in the third step. The model explained 40% of the variance of the criterion and was significant (F [3, 78] = 19.38, p<.01). Three variables integrated it: total communication with the mother (β=.33), risk socialization (β=-32) and sensation seeking (β=-.28). Conclusions The results of the present study can only be extrapolated to the population of the two studied neighborhoods and must be handled as generators of testable hypotheses in other similar populations. In addition, their self-report nature must be considered as an additional potential limitation. However, they indicate that the presence of dissocial behavior was high in the present sample, with an intermediate percentage (33%) between high school students (8.5%) and imprisoned offenders (50%). Risk socialization (engaging in gangs, friend group in the neighborhood and precocious sexuality), sensation seeking and little communication with the parent or tutor of the same sex than adolescent in men and women, as well as lack of perspective taking in men, were predictors of dissocial behavior. The sensation seeking was defined in the regression models by the SSS total score in women and by its factors of disinhibition and excitement seeking in men. These data make an attention call to the Council authorities of a propitiatory environment for dissocial behavior. From the obtained models, the intervention must be addressed to eradicate the phenomenon of the gangs; to encourage the internal control or planning and perspective taking in the pupils, through specific workshops within the school subjects of ethic or health care. They also call for the importance to work the open communication, above all with the parent or tutor of the same sex than the adolescent, through these workshops as well as during the meetings with the pupil's parents. Furthermore, to seek occupational-formative opportunities for those adolescents that have left the school seems critical, especially for those of 16-year-old or younger, considering the prohibition of working at that age.


Introducción Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos desarrollar un modelo predictivo de conducta disocial (definida por la Escala de Conducta Disocial de 27 reactivos, ECODI27) con base en las siguientes variables predictoras: a) Comunicación con los padres (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empatia (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Asertividad (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Búsqueda de sensaciones (Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, SSS-V) y e) Socialización de riesgo (Cuestionario de Relaciones Sociales, CRS, creado para este estudio), considerando el efecto del manejo de la impresión (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, version 6, BIDR-6) en las personas encuestadas. Método Se empleó una muestra probabilística de adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de edad que vivían en dos colonias con un alto índice depandillerismo y delitos (112 varones y 86 mujeres). Como técnicas estadísticas se emplearon correlación producto-momento de Pearson, correlación parcial y regresión lineal por el método de pasos progresivos. Resultados Se presentó una diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de casos de conducta disocial entre hombres y mujeres (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.01), con la corrección de Yates (x² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). El porcentaje de casos en mujeres fue de 18% (15 de 82) frente a 45% (50 de 112) en hombres. La puntuación total del ECODI27 presentó una correlación significativa con deseabilidad social (.47 en hombres y .44 en mujeres) y su factor de manejo de la impresión (.53 en hombres y .47 en mujeres). El autoengaño fue independiente en hombres (r=.18, p=.06), pero no en mujeres (r=.26, p=.02). Por su significación en ambas muestras, mayor magnitud e impacto (falseamiento deliberado), se consideró necesario controlar el efecto del factor de manejo de la impresión. De las 20 variables contempladas, nueve presentaron correlación significativa con conducta disocial tras parcializar manejo de la impresión en hombres: búsqueda de sensaciones y sus cuatro factores (desinhibición, búsqueda de excitación, búsqueda de emociones y susceptibilidad al aburrimiento), socialización de riesgo (implicación en pandillas, grupos de amigos en la colonia y sexualidad precoz), comunicación total y abierta con el padre y toma de perspectiva. En mujeres también fueron nueve las variables que se correlacionaron con la conducta disocial: socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y sus factores de desinhibición, susceptibilidad al aburrimiento y búsqueda de excitación, comunicación total y abierta con la madre, comunicación total con el padre y nivel de escolaridad. Socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y escasa comunicación con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo en hombres y mujeres, asi como déficit de toma de perspectiva en varones, predijeron conducta disocial; la búsqueda de sensaciones desde su puntuación total en mujeres y desde sus factores de desinhibición y búsqueda de excitaciones en hombres. Los modelos explicaron 49% de la varianza en hombres y 40% en mujeres. Conclusiones Los resultados del presente estudio sólo se pueden extrapolar a la población estudiada y deben utilizarse como generadores de hipótesis comprobables para otras poblaciones. Por otro lado, su naturaleza de autorreporte debe tenerse en cuenta como otra limitante potencial. Desde los modelos obtenidos, sin embargo, se puede sugerir que la intervención para reducir la conducta disocial en el medio estudiado debería centrarse en erradicar el fenómeno del pandillerismo; fomentar el control interno o planificación y toma de perspectiva en los escolares, trabajándose estos aspectos psicológicos en talleres específicos dentro de materias de ética o salud. Asimismo, parece necesario trabajar la comunicación abierta, sobre todo con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo que el adolescente, tanto en estos talleres como en las reuniones con los padres de alumnos, además de buscar salidas formativas para los adolescentes que han abandonado los estudios.

12.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 18(2): 145-156, jul.-dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561540

ABSTRACT

En Colombia son muy pocos los trabajos que abordan la adicción al juego en algún grupo poblacional. En este trabajo se estudió la prevalencia de juego patológico y la validez concurrente del South Oaks Gambling Score (SOGS) en una muestra no aleatoria de usuarios de juegos de azar, localizados, en su mayoría, en casinos. Como resultados se destaca: (a) un 49.1% de sujetos con probable juego patológico; (b) mayor variedad en juegos, mayor consumo de alcohol en fines de semanay más demanda de dinero, para jugar o para consumir alcohol en los sujetos con problemas de adicción al juego, y (c) algunos ítems de la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones pueden formar un indicador específicamente asociado con el juego patológico.


In Colombia, very few researches approach gambling addiction in any population group. This research focused on the prevalence of pathological gambling, and concurrent validity of South Oaks Gambling Score (SOGS) in a non-randomized sample of casino users. The most remarkable results showed that (a) 49.1% of the interviewees were likely to have pathological gambling, (b) subjects with probable pathological gambling showed a higher game variety and alcohol consumption on weekends, and higher expenses for gambling and drinking, and (c) some Search for Sensations Scale items could serve to build a specific indicator for gambling addiction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholic Beverages , Gambling , Gambling/psychology , Alcoholism , Colombia , Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology
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